Against Apion is a theological defense of Judaism composed by the Jewish-Roman historian, Josephus Flavius, in the late 1st or early 2nd century CE. In it, Josephus refutes the antisemitic contentions of the hellenized Egyption writer Apion and other Egyptian and Greek antisemites, and attempts to demonstrate Judaism’s antiquity and ethical superiority. It is considered an important source of evidence of ancient antisemitism and is the only extant ancient Jewish work that is explicitly presented as an apology for Judaism.