Bamidbar Rabbah is an eleventh- or twelfth-century midrash on the book of Numbers, composed of two distinct parts that began to take shape centuries earlier. The first part of the collection provides verse-by-verse interpretations of the first seven chapters of the book of Numbers, and the second offers sermons connected to chapters 8–36. Notably, the second part is almost identical to the Midrash Tanchuma on these chapters.