וְהִנֵּה נַעַר בּוֹכֶה קוֹלוֹ נִשְׁמָע כְּנַעַר, לְשׁוֹן רַבֵּינוּ שְׁלֹמֹה. וּכְבָר דָּחוּ זֶה וְאָמְרוּ אִם כֵּן עָשִׂיתָ לְמֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ בַּעַל מוּם (סוטה יב: שמו"ר א' כ"ח). וְעוֹד, מָה טַעַם שֶׁיַּזְכִּיר הַכָּתוּב עֳבִי קוֹלוֹ. ור"א אָמַר (אבן עזרא על שמות ב':ו') שֶׁהָיוּ אֵיבָרָיו גְּדוֹלִים כְּנַעַר. וְאוּלַי הִזְכִּיר זֶה לְיָפְיוֹ, כִּי בַּעֲבוּר טוּבוֹ וְיָפְיוֹ חָמְלָה עָלָיו, כִּי הִכִּירָה בּוֹ שֶׁנּוֹלַד מִקָּרוֹב וְאֵבָרָיו יָפִים וּמְתֻקָּנִים כְּאִלּוּ הוּא נַעַר. וְיוֹתֵר נָכוֹן שֶׁנְּפָרֵשׁ בּוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בּוֹכֶה כְּנַעַר בַּחֲרִיצוּת וּזְרִיזוּת, וְלָכֵן חָמְלָה עָלָיו. וְאַגָּדָה נַעַר בּוֹכֶה, יֶלֶד הָיָה וּמִנְהָגוֹ כְּנַעַר, בָּא גַּבְרִיאֵל וְהִכָּהוּ לְמֹשֶׁה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּבְכֶּה וְתִתְמַלֵּא עָלָיו רַחֲמִים (שמו"ר א כח):
וְעַל דַּעְתִּי אֵין צֹרֶךְ לְכָל זֶה, כִּי הַיֶּלֶד מִיּוֹם הִוָּלְדוֹ יִקָּרֵא נַעַר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה לַנַּעַר הַיּוּלָּד" (שופטים יג ח), וְכֵן "וַיְבַקֵּשׁ דָּוִד אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים בְּעַד הַנָּעַר" (שמואל ב י"ב:ט"ז). וְיִקָּרֵא יֶלֶד וְהוּא גָּדוֹל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּיִשְׁמָעֵאל (בראשית כא טו), וְכֵן "וְהַנַּעַר נָעַר" (שמואל א א':כ"ד), רוֹצֶה לוֹמַר שֶׁהוּא יֶלֶד קָטָן בֶּן כ"ד חֳדָשִׁים. כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר נִגְמַל מֵחָלָב מִיָּד הֶעֱלַתְהוּ, כְּדִכְתִיב (שם שם כ"ג כ"ד) "וַתֵּינֶק אֶת בְּנָהּ עַד גָּמְלָהּ אֹתוֹ וַתַּעֲלֵהוּ עִמָּהּ כַּאֲשֶׁר גְּמָלַתּוּ": AND BEHOLD IT WAS A WEEPING LAD. “His voice sounded like that of a grown lad.”69This interpretation is based on the change of reference to Moses within the same verse: And she opened it, and saw it, even ‘hayeled’ (the child), and behold it was a weeping ‘na’ar’ (a young lad). Hence, in accordance with Rabbi Yehudah’s opinion in Sotah 12 b, Rashi construed that he was a child with the voice of a young lad. Thus the language of Rabbeinu Shlomo. Now the Rabbis have already rejected this opinion, saying,70This is the opinion of Rabbi Nechemya (ibid.). “If so, you have made Moses our teacher appear as having a blemish [and being unfit for Levitical service in the Tabernacle].”71Part of the Levitical services in the Tabernacle — and later in the Sanctuary in Jerusalem — consisted of the chanting of the services. A Levite who had no sweetness of voice was disqualified for this service. (See Maimonides’ The Commandments, Vol. I, pp. 32-3, Soncino.) Now if as an infant, Moses, who was a Levite, already had a voice like that of a young lad, as he grew older his voice must have thickened. After the building of the Tabernacle when he was past eighty, his voice naturally could no longer be a singer’s voice, as it would have been greatly out of proportion to his age. Besides, what reason is there for Scripture to mention his unnatural voice?
And Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra said that his limbs were developed as that of a young lad. Perhaps Scripture mentioned this in order to denote the child’s beauty. It was due to his exquisite beautiful appearance that she [the princess] had compassion for him since she recognized that he had been recently born and yet his limbs were well-developed like those of a lad.
A more correct interpretation is that his was a strong and unrelenting cry like that of a lad, and therefore she had compassion for him. A homiletic exposition has it:72Shemoth Rabbah 1:28. “A weeping lad. He was a child whose behavior was that of a lad [who is not prone to crying]. At that moment, the angel Gabriel came and struck him so that he would cry and she would be compassionate towards him.”
In my opinion there is no need for all this. From the day of his birth, a child is called na’ar (lad) [in Scripture], as it is said, What shall we do ‘lana’ar’ (to the lad) that shall be born?73Judges 13:8. Similarly, And David besought G-d for ‘hana’ar’ (the lad).74II Samuel 12:16. The subject there is a child, not a grown lad. Conversely, Scripture calls a grown lad yeled (child), as it is said in the case of Ishmael.75And she cast ‘hayeled’ (the child) (Genesis 21:16). At that time, Ishmael was seventeen years old. (See Ramban, Vol. I, p. 270, and Note 329, ibid.). Yet he is called yeled. Similarly, ‘v’hana’ar na’ar’ (and the lad was young),76I Samuel 1:24. That Samuel was but a child at that time is explained by Ramban in the text, and yet Scripture refers to him as a na’ar. meaning that he [Samuel] was a young child of twenty-four months. As soon as she [his mother, Hannah] had weaned him, she brought him up to Shiloh, as it is written, And she gave her son suck until she weaned him. And when she had weaned him, she took him up with her.77Ibid., Verses 23-24.
וַתֹּאמֶר מִיַּלְדֵי הָעִבְרִים זֶה נָתְנָה אֶל לִבָּהּ הַמַּעֲשֶׂה כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיָה, כִּי אָמְרָה לְבַעֲבוּר הַצִּיל אוֹתוֹ אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאוּ בְּמוֹת הַיֶּלֶד שָׂמוּהוּ שָׁם, וְאִישׁ מִצְרִי לָמָּה יַעֲשֶׂה כֵן. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁרָאַתְהוּ נִמּוֹל (סוטה יב. שמו"ר א כט). וְאִם כֵּן הֵסִירָה בְּגָדָיו וּבָדְקָה בּוֹ. וְאֵין צֹרֶךְ: AND SHE SAID, THIS IS ONE OF THE HEBREWS’ CHILDREN. [She came to this conclusion because] contemplating what happened, she said [that his mother had done it] in order to save him or that she had placed him there so that she might not look upon the death of her child, and why should an Egyptian do that? Some Rabbis say78This opinion, found in Sotah 12 a and in Shemoth Rabbah 1:29, is ascribed to Rabbi Yosei the son of Rabbi Chanina. that [she knew he was a Hebrew because] she saw that he was circumcised. If so, [we must assume that] she removed his clothes and examined him. But there is no need for this.79Ramban’s intent seems to be that since Pharaoh’s decree to cast the male children into the river applied only to Hebrew children — as the simple meaning of Scripture indicates — there was no need for the princess to seek to establish his identity. There is, however, a Midrashic tradition mentioned in Rashi (above, 1:22) that for one day the aforesaid decree applied to all children. The astrologers had said to the king, “Today the deliverer of the Hebrews has been born, and we do not know whether he is born of an Egyptian father or of an Israelite.” Therefore the decree on that day applied to all children. In accordance with that opinion, it is logical to assume that she examined the child, and only then did she come to the conclusion that he was a Hebrew. This is the basis of the opinion of Rabbi Yosei the son of Rabbi Chanina (see preceding Note), i.e., that she knew he was a Hebrew because she saw that he was circumcised.