Source Sheet for Zohar Online Course with Daniel C. Matt Series 11, Meeting 6. 20 October 2020 Zohar Pritzker Edition Vol. 1 (2004), pp. 429-431; 438-441. Zohar 1:72b-73a, 74a-b by Batsheva Goldman-Ida

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 72b), p. 429, Note 662: this covenant who lies in exile

Oon the fifteenth of Nissan the decree went forth (in the covenant) between the pieces, it being written "And it was at the end" — there was one end for all of them. "And it was on this very same day that all the hosts of the Lord went forth" (Exodus 12:40): The Shechinah, too, went forth with them.) And thus do you find, that whenever Israel is in bondage, the Shechinah is with them, viz. (Exodus 24:10) "And they saw the God of Israel, and under His feet, as the work of a sapphire brick" (the sign of that bondage). And what is written of their redemption? (Ibid.) "and as the appearance of the heavens in brightness." And it is written (Isaiah 63:9) "In all of their sorrows, He sorrowed." This tells me only of communal sorrows. Whence do I derive (the same for) those of the individual? From (Psalms 91:15) "He will call upon Me and I will answer Him; I am with him in sorrow," and (Genesis 39:20-21) "And Joseph's master took him and placed him in the prison house … and the Lord was with Joseph, etc.", and (II Samuel 7:23) "… before Your people whom You have redeemed from Egypt, a nation and its Go d." R. Eliezer says: Idolatry passed with Israel in the sea, viz. (Zechariah 10:11) "And a 'rival' passed in the sea, and struck waves in the sea." Which was that? The idol of Michah (viz. Shoftim 17:4). R. Akiva said (on II Samuel 7:23): Were it not explicitly written, it would be impossible to say it, Israel saying before the L rd, as it were, "You redeemed Yourself!" And thus do you find, that wherever they were exiled, the Shechinah was with them. They were exiled to Egypt — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (I Samuel 2:27) "Did I not reveal Myself to your father's house when they were in Egypt? They were exiled to Bavel — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Isaiah 43:14) "For your sake I was exiled to Bavel." They were exiled to Eilam — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Jeremiah 49:38) "and I set My throne in Eilam." They were exiled to Edom — the Shechinah was with them, viz. (Isaiah 63:1) "Who is This coming from Edom, His garments crimsoned, from Batzrah?" And when they return in the future, the Shechinah will be with them, viz. (Devarim 30:3) "And veshav the L rd your G d." It is not written "veheshiv" ("He will return" [you]), but "veshav" ("He [Himself] will return.") and it is written (Song of Songs 4:8) "With Me from Levanon (the Temple), My bride (Israel); with Me from Levanon come." Now is she (Israel) coming from Levanon? Is she not ascending to Levanon? (The intent is: You and I were exiled from Levanon) and we will ascend) together) to Levanon.

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 72b), p. 429, Note 668: The Book of Enoch... The Book of Adam

i. This is the book of the generations of Adam (v, i): It is written, Woe unto them that seek deep to hide their counsel from the Lord, etc. (Isa. xxix, 15). R. Levi said: This may be compared to a master builder who built a country with [secret] chambers, canals, and caves. Subsequently he became a tax-collector, and the inhabitants of the country hid from him in those chambers and caves. Said he to them, 'It is I who built all these chambers and caves; to what purpose then is your hiding?' Similarly, ' Woe unto them that seek deep!" . . . And their works are in the darkness, etc. (ib.). O your perversity! Shall the potter be esteemed as the clay (ib. 16)? You liken the created object to its creator, the plant to its planter! That the thing made should say of him that made it : He made me not, etc. (ib.). Is it not yet a very little while, 1 and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field (ib. 17) — i.e. into a royal palace ; And the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest — i.e. as forests of men. 2 And in that day shall the deaf hear the words of a book (ib. 18), viz. the book of the generations of Adam ; hence it is written, "This is the book of Adam."

Midrash Rabbah, Genesis Rabbah, translated into the English under the editorship of Rabbi Dr. H. Freedman and Maurice Simon (New York: Soncino Press, 1939)

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 72b), p. 429, Note 668: The Book of Enoch... The Book of Adam

And Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: Adam the first man spoke in the language of Aramaic, as it is stated in the chapter of Psalms speaking in the voice of Adam: “How weighty also are Your thoughts to me, O God” (Psalms 139:17). And this, i.e., that the verse in Psalms is stated by Adam, is what Reish Lakish says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “This is the book of the generations of Adam” (Genesis 5:1)? This verse teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, showed Adam every generation and its Torah interpreters, every generation and its wise ones. When he arrived at his vision of the generation of Rabbi Akiva, Adam was gladdened by his Torah, and saddened by his manner of death. He said: “How weighty also are Your thoughts to me, O God,” i.e., how it weighs upon me that a man as great as Rabbi Akiva should suffer.

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 73a), p. 433, Note 695: One said... the other said...

The verse states: “And Noah began to be a farmer, and he planted a vineyard.” In explanation of this matter, Rav Ḥisda says that Rav Ukva says, and some say that Mar Ukva says that Rabbi Zakkai says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Noah: Noah, shouldn’t you have learned from Adam the first man, whose banishment from the Garden of Eden was caused only by wine? The Gemara notes: This is in accordance with the opinion of the one who says that the tree from which Adam the first man ate was a grapevine. As it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Meir says: The tree from which Adam the first man ate was a grapevine.

Apocalypse of Abraham

23:6 And they were standing under a tree of Eden, and the fruit of the tree was like the appearance of a bunch of grapes of vine.

Translation from Alexander Kulik, Retroverting Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2004 and Leiden: Brill, 2005).

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 74a), p. 438, Note 729: entirely by miracle, made by itself

You find that Moses experienced more difficulty in making the menorah then for all the [other] vessels of the tabernacle; until the Holy One, blessed be He, showed him with [His] finger.⁸Above Lev. 3:11 and the parallels listed there; Numb. R. 15:4. Moshe experienced difficulty with three things.... What is the meaning of hammered work (mqshh)? It is meaning to say, how difficult (mh qshh) it is to make. For Moses spent a lot of effort before the menorah was made; as it says so (in Exod. 25:31), “with difficulty (mqshh, revoweled as miqqashah)⁹A typical translation of the Masoretic pointing would be: OF HAMMERED WORK. shall the menorah be made.” When it became difficult for him, the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, “Moses, take a talent of gold and cast it into the fire. Then take it out, and it will have been made automatically.” (Ibid. cont.:) “Its base, its shaft, its cups, its knobs, and its flowers from it,”¹⁰English translations usually render the end of this verse: …SHALL BE OF ONE PIECE or something similar; however, the midrash follows the interpretation given here. [is to mean] “Make a blow with a hammer, and it will be made automatically.” It was therefore stated (in Exod. 25:31), “of hammered work (i.e. with difficulty) shall [the menorah] be made (ty'sh).” [The verb is spelled] fully with a y (yod in Hebrew) and not written [with the normal spelling] as t'sh (which could be translated, "you shall make"). [It is written with the extra letter] so as to say [that] it shall be made automatically. What did Moses do? He took a talent of gold and threw it into the fire. Then Moses said, “Master of the world, here is the talent; it is cast into the midst of the fire. Let it be made (ty'sh) in front of You just as You wish.” Immediately the menorah came forth made as it should be. It is therefore written (in Numb. 8:4 end), “according to the pattern which the Lord had shown Moses, [so did he make the menorah].” "Moses made" is not written here, but merely “he made.” [So] who did make it? The Holy One, blessed be He.

Therefore, the Holy One, blessed be He, told Moses to warn Aaron to light [the lamps] as stated (in Numb. 8:2), “When you set up the lamps.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel, “If you light [the lamps] before Me, I will preserve your souls from everything evil.” Thus their souls are likened to a lamp, as stated (in Prov. 20:27), “A person's soul is the lamp of the Lord.”

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 74a), p. 439, Note 735: shamir

The Gemara asks: Why was it necessary for Solomon, the author of Ecclesiastes, to have male demons and female demons? The Gemara answers: As it is written with regard to the building of the Temple: “For the house, when it was being built, was built of stone made ready at the quarry; and there was neither hammer nor axe nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was being built” (I Kings 6:7). Solomon said to the sages: How shall I make it so that the stone will be precisely cut without using iron? They said to him: There is a creature called a shamir that can cut the stones, which Moses brought and used to cut the stones of the ephod. Solomon said to them: Where is it found? They said to him: Bring a male demon and a female demon and torment them together. It is possible that they know where, and due to the suffering they will reveal the place to you. Solomon brought a male demon and a female demon and tormented them together, and they said: We do not know where to find the shamir. Perhaps Ashmedai, king of the demons, knows. Solomon said to them: Where is Ashmedai? They said to him: He is on such-and-such a mountain. He has dug a pit for himself there, and filled it with water, and covered it with a rock, and sealed it with his seal. And every day he ascends to Heaven and studies in the heavenly study hall and he descends to the earth and studies in the earthly study hall. And he comes and checks his seal to ensure that nobody has entered his pit, and then he uncovers it and drinks from the water in the pit. And then he covers it and seals it again and goes. Solomon sent for Benayahu, son of Jehoiada, a member of the royal entourage, and gave him a chain onto which a sacred name of God was carved, and a ring onto which a sacred name of God was carved, and fleeces of wool and wineskins of wine. What did Benayahu do? He went and dug a pit lower down the mountain, below the pit dug by Ashmedai, drained the water, and plugged it with the fleeces of wool so that Ashmedai’s pit was emptied. And he dug a pit higher up the mountain, above Ashmedai’s pit. And he poured the wine into it so that the wine filled Ashmedai’s pit, and he plugged the lower and upper pits that he dug. He climbed up and sat in a tree. When Ashmedai came he checked his seal, opened the pit, and found it to be filled with wine. He said that it is written: “Wine is a mocker, strong drink is riotous; and whosoever wallows in it is not wise” (Proverbs 20:1), and it is written: “Harlotry, wine, and new wine take away the heart” (Hosea 4:11). He concluded: I will not drink this wine. Eventually, when he became thirsty, he was unable to resist the wine and he drank, became intoxicated, and fell asleep. Benayahu descended from the tree, came, and threw the chain around Ashmedai, and enclosed him within it. When Ashmedai awoke he struggled to remove the chain. Benayahu said to him: The name of your Master is upon you, the name of your Master is upon you, do not tear the chain. God’s name is written on this chain, and it is forbidden to destroy it. When Benayahu took Ashmedai and came to Jerusalem he reached a palm tree and Ashmedai rubbed against it and knocked it down. He reached a house and knocked it down. He reached a small shack [kuva] belonging to a certain widow. This widow emerged,

[Continued below BT Gittin 68b]

and she begged him not to knock down the house. He bent his body away from her, to the other side, and broke one of his bones. He said: This is as it is written: “Soft speech can break a bone” (Proverbs 25:15). Ashmedai saw a blind man who was lost on the road and he brought him to the correct road. He saw a drunk who was lost on the road and he brought him to the correct road. He saw the joy of a wedding celebration in which they were celebrating, and he cried. He heard a certain man say to a shoemaker [ushkafa]: Make me shoes that will last for seven years, and he laughed. He saw a certain sorcerer performing magic, and he laughed. When Ashmedai arrived there, in Jerusalem, they did not bring him before Solomon until three days had passed. On the first day he said to them: Why doesn’t the king want me to come to him? They said to him: He drank too much and was overcome by drink. Ashmedai took a brick and placed it on top of another brick. The servants came and told Solomon what he had done. Solomon interpreted the action and said to them: This is what he said to you through this allusion: Return and give the king more to drink. The following day Ashmedai said to them: And why doesn’t the king want me to come to him? They said to him: He ate too much and was overcome by food. Ashmedai took the brick off the other brick and placed it on the ground. The servants came and told Solomon what Ashmedai had done. He interpreted Ashmedai’s actions and said to them: This is what he said to you through this allusion: Take his food away from him. At the end of three days Ashmedai came before Solomon. Ashmedai took a reed and measured four cubits [garmidei], and threw it before him. He said to Solomon: See, when that man, Solomon, dies, he will have nothing in this world except the four cubits of his grave. Now you have conquered the entire world and yet you are not satisfied until you also conquer me? Solomon said to him: I need nothing from you. I want to build the Temple and I need the shamir for this. Ashmedai said to him: The shamir was not given to me, but it was given to the angelic minister of the sea. And he gives it only to the wild rooster, also known as the dukhifat or the hoopoe, whom he trusts by the force of his oath to return it. And what does the wild rooster do with it? He brings it to mountains that are not fit for habitation, and he places the shamir on the craggy rock and the mountain splits. And he takes and brings seeds of trees, throws them there, and it becomes fit for habitation. And this is why we interpret the word dukhifat as a cutter of mountains [naggar tura], i.e., the Aramaic translation of the word dukhifat in the Bible is naggar tura, cutter of mountains. They investigated and found the nest of a wild rooster in which there were chicks, and he covered its nest with translucent glass. When the rooster came it wanted to enter the nest but was unable to do so. It went and brought the shamir and placed it on top to crack the glass. Solomon’s servant threw a clump of dirt at the rooster and the rooster knocked over the shamir. The man took it and the wild rooster went and strangled itself over the fact that it had not kept its oath, by not returning the shamir. Later, Benayahu said to Ashmedai: What is the reason that when you saw that blind man who was lost on the road you brought him to the correct road? Ashmedai said to him: They proclaim about him in heaven that he is a completely righteous man, and anyone who does good for his soul shall merit to enter the World-to-Come. Then Benayahu asked: And what is the reason that when you saw the drunk man who was lost on the road you brought him to the correct road? Ashmedai said to him: They proclaim about him in heaven that he is a completely wicked man. And I did good for his soul so that he will consume his reward in this world and not have any reward in the World-to-Come. Benayahu continued and asked him: What is the reason that when you saw that joy of the wedding you cried? Ashmedai said to him: I knew that this man will die within thirty days. And his wife is required to wait for the yavam, the husband’s brother, who is a minor, to reach the age of thirteen years, the age of majority, so that he can release her through ḥalitza, the ritual through which the yavam frees the yevama of her levirate bonds. In addition, he asked: What is the reason that when you heard that man say to a shoemaker: Make me shoes that will last for seven years, you laughed? Ashmedai said to him: That man does not have seven days to live; does he need shoes that will last for seven years? Benayahu then asked: What is the reason that when you saw that sorcerer performing magic you laughed? Ashmedai said to him: Because he was sitting on the king’s treasury [bei gaza]. Let him use his magic to know what there is buried underneath him. Solomon kept Ashmedai with him until he completed building the Temple.

[This fable was retold by Chaim Nachman Bialik, Agadat Shlosha VeArba'a (Chicago: The College of Jewish Studies: Sifria LaMitlamdim Series Vol 5, 1941). Artist Nahum Gutman (1898-1980) illustrated the tales for the Hebrew publication. Early Bezalel School Artist Zeev Raban (1890-1970) worked on a yet-to-be-published series, see: Batsheva Goldman-Ida, Ze'ev Raban, A Hebrew Symbolist (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv Museum of Art and Jerusalem: Yad Yzhak ben Zvi, 2001).]

Zohar, Pritzker Edition, Vol. I (2004), Parashat Noah, (Zohar I: 74b), p. 440, Note 749: from there they disperse...

1) ונעשה לנו שם , “so that we can make a name for ourselves.” According to the plain meaning of the text, all these people wanted was to settle in one single location on earth in order to stay together. However, they did not find a location other than the valley of Shinor in which to do this. This is why they wanted to build a city and a tower which could accommodate all of them. The purpose of the tower was to serve as a beacon so that people all over the earth would be able to see it and to orient themselves by means of it. They themselves would all live in a single city. This is the reason the Torah quoted them as saying פן נפוץ, “lest we will scatter.” This is why G’d punished them by scattering them to teach them that they had contravened His commandment to fill the earth with their presence (9,1). Isaiah 45,18 pointed out that G’d had made the earth in order for it to be settled by mankind. (2) From a homiletical point of view the operative clause in our veres are the words “let us make a name for “ourselves.” This is an oblique reference to idolatry. The word שם, “name,” here and the same word in Exodus 23,13 ושם אלוהים אחרים לא תזכירו, “and you must not mention the name of any other deity,” mean the same thing. We also have a Midrashic comment in Midrash Tehillim 1, that the word הבה, introduces an evil thought, an evil intention as it does in Judges 20,7 הבו לכם דבר ועצה הלום, “come up with a plan here and now!”. Furthermore, we have a tradition that the word עיר, “city,” is a reference to a deity as we find in Daniel 4,10 that the words עיר וקדיש refer to a destructive angel (Satan or similar). (3) I have read in a Midrash on the Ten Commandments that these people proposed to take spades planning to invade heaven to flood it and drain it in order to ensure that another deluge could not originate from that source. They wanted to take large chunks of heaven and to engage in war with the King of the heavens. The Tower had seventy steps in an easterly direction and seventy steps in a westerly direction on its opposite side. G’d descended those seventy steps accompanied by seventy angels and He confused their language and their dialects. Thus far that Midrash.
We also read in Bereshit Rabbah 38,6 that these people said: “we do not agree that G’d should have an exclusive right to heaven whereas we have only been assigned earth. Let us make war against Him.” (This Midrash appears in a variety of slightly different versions). (4) Looking at this story from a rational point of view, the words “and let us make a name for ourselves,” must be understood thus. The people of that generation were very advanced in matters of philosophy and even technology. However, they used their intelligence in a sinful manner. They constructed the city and Tower to protect themselves against a deluge of fire (seeing that G’d had promised not to again bring a deluge of water). This is what the word “war” in the Midrash refers to. They prepared to contend with heavenly forces (such as angels) against the will of the Lord. They tried to isolate and tame the power of fire in order to neutralize its deadly effect so that it could not engulf their city. The author quotes scientists in his generation as attempting similarly to “tame” the power of “fire.” [I presume he speaks about the construction of lightning rods. Ed.]
There was another reason which motivated them. They had been witness to the fact that G’d had decreed death on Adam, while they perceived themselves as physically powerful and enjoying a much longer life span than the 120 years G’d appeared to have decreed. They thought that they were all powerful [G’d Himself (verse 6) questioned whether their power should not be curtailed.] They planned to scale heaven while alive and well in order to overcome the impediment to this imposed upon them by their mortality. Their principal aim was to overcome the decree issued against Adam which made all of them mortal also. All of their planning in building the Tower was designed to achieve immortality. The reason G’d had to scatter them was because they planned to nullify His world order. (5) The Torah has worded its report in such a way that it did not spell out these people’s evil intent in detail.
Our sages in Bereshit Rabbah 38,6 elaborate on the words דברים אחדים, saying these words should be read as דברים אחודים, “words which were kept isolated, made inaccessible.” Whereas the Torah revealed the sin of the generation of the deluge, it did not spell out the sin of the generation of the Tower.
I have heard it said that there were seventy people engaged in building the Tower. No doubt there was a special reason why seventy, and only seventy people would have been actively engaged in the building of that Tower. (6) A kabbalistic approach to the meaning of the words “let us make a name for ourselves.” Fundamentally, their sin was the same as that of their forefather Adam who had become guilty of what our sages called קצץ בנטיעות, the heresy practiced by Enosh (4,26). The word הוחל in that verse needs to be translated as “was desecrated.” Here too the words וזה החלם לעשות have to be understood in that same vein, i.e. “and now they committed a desecration.” Another way of understanding the same word is to derive it from ,תחלה “beginning;” in that case the correct translation would be “and this is what they commenced to do!” However, the words must not be detached from their plain meaning. The common denominator between these two explanations is that these people undertook something which, if left unchecked, would result in the end of mankind. This is the deeper meaning of the expression קצץ בנטיעות, “cut off the saplings at their very roots” (figuratively speaking).
The reason the Torah uses the word וזה “and this,” is that this word is related to שם i.e. ונעשה לנו שם, “let us make a name for ourselves.” The word שם in this instance is a reference to the highest emanation [the one known in modern kabbalistic literature as כתר. Ed.] They wanted to conquer the highest regions of heaven. They were under the mistaken impression that that emanation is the absolute highest level of “heaven,” i.e. celestial force, which exists. This very mistaken belief undermines the true faith and is equivalent to someone being מקצץ בנטיעות. Considering all this, the Torah had said previously (11,2) ויהי בנסעם מקדם, “it was when they departed from the One called Kedem, i.e. from the Creator who preceded all” (compare Bereshit Rabbah 38,7). The Torah did want us to know that basically, their sin was of the same category as that of the first man. This is why the Torah refers to the people in this paragraph as בני האדם, “Adam’s sons”, to hint that what they did paralleled what Adam had done. (7) Rabbi Berechyah in Bereshit Rabbah 38,9 asks rhetorically: “how else was the Torah supposed to describe these people if not as בני האדם?” Should the Torah have referred to the as בני חמירא, the “sons of donkeys, or “the sons of camels?” The answer [I think, is in the extra letter ה before the word אדם i.e.] that the Torah stresses that they behaved not just like ordinary human beings but like the first human being, Adam [as opposed to 5,1 where the Torah describes זה ספר תולות אדם, “this is the Book of the generations of man,” without the letter ה in front of the word אדם Ed.]
The words בני האדם are a hint that these people were like the first human being and the Torah had indicated that the people of the deluge had sinned by denying that there is something higher than the emanation כתר, which had let to their destruction in the “lower universe.” (8) We had explained earlier that the attribute of Justice, even when in a dominant role, is always accompanied by some aspect of the attribute of Mercy as represented by שם the Ineffable Name י-ה-ו-ה. In the case of the deluge, the principle of מדה כנגד מדה operated in such a way that as punishment for that generation’s refusal to recognise anything beyond the emanation שם=כתר, they experienced the full impact of the unrelieved attribute of Justice so that even the earth they had lived on was destroyed. The earth had been the creation of the attribute of Justice, i.e. אלוקים. The attribute of Mercy, i.e. השם, had been “co-opted” only at the time when the Torah reported the creation of Adam (2,4) as a functioning human being.
Basically, man had tried to separate the role of the attribute of אלוקים from the role of the attribute שם, or י-ה-ו-ה. G’d demonstrated to them that such an attempt if successful spells disaster both for them and for the earth they lived on. They had wanted only “nature,” as represented by the attribute אלוקים.
It is quite possible that prior to the deluge such considerations had not had a philosophical basis, had been mostly based on an emotional resentment of authority from an extra-terrestrial force. At this time, it had been developed to a philosophy by highly intelligent people, people who had already learned of the value of co-operation, unity, working towards a common goal. This was why their newly developed approach was so dangerous. [I have taken the liberty to phrase these thoughts in my own way. Ed.]
G’d scattered them (i.e. separated them from their unity) all over the globe as retaliation for their attempt to “scatter,” i.e. separate His attributes from one another. Furthermore, they had calculated the precise number of steps needed to ascend to heaven (70) [according to Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer, the number reflects 70 miles, a mile per step. Ed.] The number may also allude to the 70 representatives of the 70 nations in the celestial spheres. According to tradition, Nebuchadnezzar (who was also from Babel (though it was renamed Babylon) introduced the golden image of בל into the remnants of the Holy Temple to symbolise that this philosophy had triumphed. (In Jeremiah 51,44 the prophet predicts the eventual humiliation of that idol and that of the people who worshiped it) Daniel 3,1 speaks of a huge golden image Nebuchadnezzar had put up in the valley of Dura in the land of Babylon. This valley may be identical with the valley described in our chapter where the Torah described these people as וימצאו בקעה, “they found a valley.” All of this is part of the aforementioned hints the Torah provided concerning the sins of that generation. My the Lord protect us from committing similar errors.