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  1. (ג) וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י ב֤וֹ שָׁבַת֙ מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ (פ)

    (3) And God blessed the seventh day and declared it holy, because on it God ceased from all the work of creation that He had done.

  2. Nachmanides was the foremost halakhist of his age. Like Maimonides before him, Nachmanides was a Spaniard who was both a physician and a great Torah scholar. However, unlike the rationalist Maimonides, Nachmanides had a strong mystical bent. His biblical commentaries are the first ones to incorporate the mystical teachings of kabbalah.

    He was well-known for his aggressive refutations of Christianity, most notably, his debate with Pablo Christiani, a converted Jew, before King Jaime I of Spain in 1263.

    Nachmanides could be described as one of history's first Zionists, because he declared that it is a mitzvah to take possession of Israel and to live in it (relying on Num. 33:53). He said, "So long as Israel occupies [the Holy Land], the earth is regarded as subject to Him." Nachmanides fulfilled this commandment, moving to the Holy Land during the Crusades after he was expelled from Spain for his polemics. He found devastation in the Holy Land, "but even in this destruction," he said, "it is a blessed land." He died there in 1270 C.E.

    English

  3. ודע כי נכלל עוד במלת "לַעֲשׂוֹת" כי ששת ימי בראשית הם כל ימות עולם כי קיומו יהיה ששת אלפים שנה (ר"ה לא) שלכך אמרו (ב"ר יט ח) יומו של הקב"ה אלף שנים והנה בשני הימים הראשונים היה העולם כולו מים ולא נשלם בהם דבר והם רמז לשני אלפים הראשונים שלא היה בהם קורא בשם ה' וכך אמרו (ע"ז ט) שני אלפים תהו אבל היתה הבריאה ביום הראשון האור כנגד האלף של ימות אדם שהיה אורו של עולם מכיר את בוראו ואולי לא עבד אנוש עבודה זרה עד שמת אדם הראשון ביום השני יְהִי רָקִיעַ וִיהִי מַבְדִּיל שבו היו מובדלין נח ובניו הצדיקים מן הרשעים שנדונו במים ביום השלישי נראית היבשה והצמיחה ועשתה פירות הוא האלף השלישי המתחיל בהיות אברהם בן מ"ח שנה (ב"ר סד ד) ואָז הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם ה' (להלן ד כו) וצמח צמח צדיק כי משך רבים לדעת את ה' כמו שדרשו וְאֶת הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ בְחָרָן (שם יב ה) וצוה את ביתו ואת בניו אַחֲרָיו וְשָׁמְרוּ דֶּרֶךְ ה' לַעֲשׂוֹת צְדָקָה וּמִשְׁפָּט (יח יט) ועלה הענין עד שקבלו זרעו את התורה בסיני ונבנה הבית ביום ההוא ואז נתקיימו כל המצות שהם פירות העולם ודע כי מעת היות בין השמשות יחשב כיום מחר ועל כן יתחיל ענין כל יום קודם לו מעט כאשר נולד אברהם באלף השני וכן תראה בכל יום ויום והיום הרביעי נבראו בו המאורות הגדול והקטן והכוכבים יומו ירמוז באלף הד' הוא החל כאשר נבנה בית ראשון ע"ב שנה אחרי בניינו עד אחרי הבית השני קע"ב שנה והנה ביום הזה לכל בני ישראל היה אור כי מלא כבוד ה' את בית ה' והיה אור ישראל לאש על גבי המזבח רבוץ שם כארי אוכל הקרבנות ואחרי כן הקטין אורם וגלו כאשר יעדר במולד הלבנה וזרחה להם כל ימי בית שני והאש על גבי המזבח רבוץ ככלב ושקעו שני המאורים בערב היום וחרב הבית ביום החמישי שרצו המים נפש חיה ועוף יעופף על הארץ רמז לאלף החמישי המתחיל קע"ב שנה אחר חרבן הבית כי בו ימשלו האומות ויעשה אדם כדגי הים כרמש לא מושל בו כלו בחכה העלה יגורהו בחרמו ויאספהו במכמרתו ואין דורש את ה' ביום הששי בבקר "תוצא הארץ נפש חיה למינה בהמה ורמש וחיתו ארץ למינה" והיתה בריאתה קודם זרוח השמש כענין שכתוב (תהלים קד כב) תִּזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ יֵאָסֵפוּן וְאֶל מְעוֹנֹתָם יִרְבָּצוּן ואז נברא האדם בצלם אלהים והוא זמן ממשלתו שנאמר (שם כג) יֵצֵא אָדָם לְפָעֳלוֹ וְלַעֲבֹדָתוֹ עֲדֵי עָרֶב והוא האלף הששי כי בתחלתו ימשלו בו החיות הם המלכיות אשר לא ידעו את ה' ואחרי עשיריתו כשעור הנץ החמה ליום (עיין פסחים צד) יבא הגואל שנאמר בו (תהלים פט לז) וְכִסְאוֹ כַשֶּׁמֶשׁ נֶגְדִּי זהו בן דוד הנעשה בצלם אלהים כדכתיב (דניאל ז יגיד) וַאֲרוּ עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא כְּבַר אֱנָשׁ אָתֵה הֲוָה וְעַד עַתִּיק יוֹמַיָּא מְטָה וּקְדָמוֹהִי הַקְרְבוּהִי וְלֵהּ יְהִיב שָׁלְטָן וִיקָר וּמַלְכוּ ויהיה זה קי"ח אחר חמשת אלפים לכלות דבר ה' מפי דניאל (שם יב יא) וּמֵעֵת הוּסַר הַתָּמִיד וְלָתֵת שִׁקּוּץ שֹׁמֵם יָמִים אֶלֶף מָאתַיִם וְתִשְׁעִים ונראה משנוי הימים משרץ המים והעוף לחית הארץ כי בתחלת האלף הששי תתחדש מלכות אומה שלטת ואימתני ותקיפא יתירא ומתקרבת אל האמת יותר מן הראשונות היום השביעי שבת רמז לעולם הבא שכולו שבת ומנוחה לחיי העולמים והאל ישמרנו בכל הימים וישים חלקינו עם עבדיו התמימים

    And you should know that also included in the word, "to make" is that the six days of creation are all of the days of the world - since their duration will be six thousand years (Rosh Hashanah 31a) - as it is for this reason that they say that the day of the Holy One, blessed be He, is a thousand years (Bereishit Rabbah 19:8). And behold, on the first two days the whole world was water and nothing was completed on them, and they hint to the first two thousand years of chaos (tohu), in which there was not one who called in the name of God. And so did they say (Avodah Zarah 9a), "Two thousand years of chaos." But as there was the creation of light on the first day, it corresponds to the thousand years of Adam - who was the light of the world, recognizing his Creator. And maybe Enosh did not worship idolatry until Adam died. On the second day, "Let there be a firmament and let it divide" (Genesis 1:6) - as on it, Noach and his righteous children became separated from the evildoers that were judged with water. On the third day, the dry land appeared and grew vegetation and produced fruit - that is the third millennium that started when Avraham was forty-eight years old (Bereishit Rabbah 48b) - and "then began the calling in the name of the Lord" (Genesis 4:26), and 'a righteous sprout' grew; since he pulled many to know the Lord, as they expounded [about] "and the souls that they had made in Charan" (Genesis 12:5). And he commanded 'his household and his children after him that they keep the way of the Lord, to do righteousness and justice.' And the matter advanced to the point that his seed received the Torah at Sinai. And the first Temple was built on that day, and they kept all of the commandments, which are the fruits of the world. And you should know that twilight is considered like the next day, and so the matter of each day begins slightly before it; as when Avraham is born at the end of the second day. And so you will see with each and every day. And on the fourth day, the big and small luminaries (the sun and the moon) and the stars were created. Its day hints to the fourth millennium, which is the one that begins when the first Temple was [already] built for seventy-two years until one hundred and seventy-two years after the second Temple. And behold, on this day 'there was light for all of the Children of Israel,' 'since the glory of God filled the House of the Lord' and the light of Israel was like a fire on top of the altar, crouching there like a lion eating the sacrifices. And afterward, their light diminished and they were exiled, [such] as [the light] disappears at the beginning of the [cycle of the] moon. And it shone for them all the days of the second Temple, and the fire on top of the altar was like a dog crouching. And the two luminaries set at the evening of the day, and the Temple was destroyed. On the fifth day, the waters swarmed with living animals and flying birds upon the earth. It hints to the fifth millennium that begins one hundred and seventy-two years after the destruction of Temple; since to it were the nations of the world compared, and man was made 'to be like the fish of the sea, like the crawling animals that none rules over - they bring it all up with a hook, they catch them with a net, and gather them with a drag.' And there is no one that seeks the Lord. On the sixth day in the morning, "Let the earth bring forth the living creature after its kind, animals and creeping things, and beast of the earth after its kind" (Genesis 1:24) - and its creation was before the shining of the sun, as the matter that is written (Psalms 104:22), "The sun shines and they gather, and crouch in their dens." And then man was created in the image of God, and that is the time of his rulership, as it states (Psalms 104:23), "Man goes out to his labor and to his work until the evening." And that is the sixth millennium, since in its beginning, the beasts rule in it - these are the kingdoms that did not know God. And after its tenth - like the measure of the sunrise to the day (see Pesachim 94a)- the redeemer will come, as it states about him (Psalms 89:37), "and his throne will be like the sun across from Me." This is the son of David, who is made in the image of God, as it is written (Daniel 7:13-14), "and behold with the clouds of the sky, there was a man coming, and he came up to the One of Ancient Days and they brought him in front of Him and they brought him close to Him. And to him did He give dominion and glory and kingship." And this will be one hundred and eighteen [years] after the [first] five thousand, to complete the word of the Lord through the mouth of Daniel (Daniel 12:11), “From the time that the regular sacrifice was removed and the silent abomination was placed, there are one thousand two hundred and ninety days.” And it appears from the change of the days, from the swarms of the waters and the fowl, to the beasts of the land that at the beginning of the sixth millennium, there will arise the rulership of a controlling, fearful and violent nation, and one that comes closer to the truth than the first ones. The seventh day is Shabbat. It hints to the world to come, which is completely Shabbat and rest for eternal life. And may God guard us in all of the days and place our portion with His innocent servants (those do not try to divine the future).

  4. (א) בראשית אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק לֹֹֹֹֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְהַתְחִיל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא מֵהַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם,שֶׁהִיא מִצְוָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ בָּהּ יִשׂרָאֵל, וּמַה טַּעַם פָּתַח בִּבְרֵאשִׁית? מִשׁוּם כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו הִגִּיד לְעַמּוֹ לָתֵת לָהֶם נַחֲלַת גּוֹיִם (תהילים קי”א), שֶׁאִם יֹאמְרוּ אוּמוֹת הָעוֹלָם לְיִשְׁרָאֵל לִסְטִים אַתֶּם, שֶׁכִּבַּשׁתֶּם אַרְצוֹת שִׁבְעָה גוֹיִם, הֵם אוֹמְרִים לָהֶם כָּל הָאָרֶץ שֶׁל הַקָּבָּ"ה הִיא, הוּא בְרָאָהּ וּנְתָנָהּ לַאֲשֶׁר יָשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו, בִּרְצוֹנוֹ נְתָנָהּ לָהֶם, וּבִרְצוֹנוֹ נְטָלָהּ מֵהֶם וּנְתָנָהּ לָנוּ:
    (1) בראשית IN THE BEGINNING — Rabbi Isaac said: The Torah which is the Law book of Israel should have commenced with the verse (Exodus 12:2) “This month shall be unto you the first of the months” which is the first commandment given to Israel. What is the reason, then, that it commences with the account of the Creation? Because of the thought expressed in the text (Psalms 111:6) “He declared to His people the strength of His works (i.e. He gave an account of the work of Creation), in order that He might give them the heritage of the nations.” For should the peoples of the world say to Israel, “You are robbers, because you took by force the lands of the seven nations of Canaan”, Israel may reply to them, “All the earth belongs to the Holy One, blessed be He; He created it and gave it to whom He pleased. When He willed He gave it to them, and when He willed He took it from them and gave it to us” (Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 187).
  5. (א) ואלה שמות בני ישראל. אַעַ"פִּ שֶׁמְּנָאָן בְּחַיֵּיהֶם בִּשְׁמוֹתָם, חָזַר וּמְנָאָם בְּמִיתָתָם, לְהוֹדִיעַ חִבָּתָם, שֶׁנִּמְשְׁלוּ לְכוֹכָבִים, שֶׁמּוֹצִיאָם וּמַכְנִיסָם בַּמִּסְפָּר וּבִשְׁמוֹתָם (שמות רבה), שֶׁנֶּ' "הַמּוֹצִיא בְמִסְפָּר צְבָאָם לְכֻלָּם בְּשֵׁם יִקְרָא" (ישעיהו מ'):
    (1) ואלה שמות בני ישראל NOW THESE ARE THE NAMES OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL — Although scripture has already enumerated them by name whilst they were living, when they went down into Egypt (Genesis 46:8-27), it again enumerates them when it tells us of their death, thus showing how dear they were to God — that they are compared to the stars which also God brings out and brings in by number and name when they cease to shine, as it is said, (Isaiah 40:26) “He bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name” (Exodus Rabbah 1:3; Tanchuma Yashan 1:1:2).
  6. (א) ויקרא אל משה. לְכָל דִּבְּרוֹת וּלְכָל אֲמִירוֹת וּלְכָל צִוּוּיִים קָדְמָה קְרִיאָה, לְשׁוֹן חִבָּה, לָשׁוֹן שֶׁמַּלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְקָרָא זֶה אֶל זֶה (ישעיהו ו'), אֲבָל לִנְבִיאֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם נִגְלָה עֲלֵיהֶן בִּלְשׁוֹן עֲרָאִי וְטֻמְאָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיִּקָּר אֱלֹהִים אֶל בִּלְעָם (במדבר כ"ג):
    (1) ויקרא אל משה AND [THE LORD] CALLED UNTO MOSES — All oral communications of the Lord to Moses whether they are introduced by דבר or by אמר or by צו were preceded by a call (to prepare him for the forthcoming address) (cf Sifra, Vayikra Dibbura d'Nedavah, Chapter 1 1-2). It is a way of expressing affection, the mode used by the ministering angels when addressing each other, as it is said (Isaiah 6:3) “And one called unto another [and said, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts]”. To the prophets of the nations of the world, however, God revealed himself in a manner which Scripture describes by an expression ordinarily used for denoting events of a casual character and of uncleanness, as it is said, (Numbers 23:4) “and God happened to meet (ויקר) Balaam” (the term ויקר, from the root ,קרה, is connected with מִקְרֶה which denotes “chance”, “occurrence”, and has also the meaning of “uncleanness”, by analogy with Deuteronomy 23:11: ‎לא יהיה טהור מקרה לילה) (cf. Bereishit Rabbah 52:5).
  7. (א) וידבר. במדבר סיני באחד לחדש וגו'. מִתּוֹךְ חִבָּתָן לְפָנָיו מוֹנֶה אוֹתָם כָּל שָׁעָה — כְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם מְנָאָן, וּכְשֶׁנָּפְלוּ בָּעֵגֶל מְנָאָן לֵידַע מִנְיַן הַנּוֹתָרִים, כְּשֶׁבָּא לְהַשְׁרוֹת שְׁכִינָתוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם מְנָאָם, בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּבְאֶחָד בְּאִיָּר מְנָאָם:
    (1) וידבר… במדבר סיני … באחד לחדש וגו׳ AND [THE LORD] SPOKE [UNTO MOSES] IN THE DESERT OF SINAI … ON THE FIRST DAY OF THE [SECOND] MONTH … [TAKE YE THE SUM OF ALL THE CONGREGATION] etc. — Because they were dear to him, He counts them every now and then: when they went forth from Egypt He counted them (Exodus 12:37), when many of them fell in consequence of their having worshipped the golden calf He counted them to ascertain the number of those left (cf. Rashi Exodus 30:16); when he was about to make His Shechinah dwell amongst them (i. e. when He commanded them to make a Tabernacle), He again took their census; for on the first day of Nisan the Tabernacle was erected (Exodus 40:2) and shortly afterwards, on the first day of Iyar, He counted them.
  8. (א) אלה הדברים. לְפִי שֶׁהֵן דִּבְרֵי תוֹכָחוֹת וּמָנָה כַאן כָּל הַמְּקוֹמוֹת שֶׁהִכְעִיסוּ לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּהֵן, לְפִיכָךְ סָתַם אֶת הַדְּבָרִים וְהִזְכִּירָם בְּרֶמֶז מִפְּנֵי כְבוֹדָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל (עי' ספרי):
    (1) אלה הדברים THESE ARE THE WORDS — Because these are words of reproof and he is enumerating here all the places where they provoked God to anger, therefore he suppresses all mention of the matters in which they sinned and refers to them only by a mere allusion contained in the names of these places out of regard for Israel (cf. Sifrei Devarim 1:1; Onkelos and Targum Jonathan).
  9. (ח) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־הֶ֣בֶל אָחִ֑יו וַֽיְהִי֙ בִּהְיוֹתָ֣ם בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה וַיָּ֥קָם קַ֛יִן אֶל־הֶ֥בֶל אָחִ֖יו וַיַּהַרְגֵֽהוּ׃
    (8) Cain said to his brother Abel … and when they were in the field, Cain set upon his brother Abel and killed him.
  10. (א) ויאמר קין אל הבל נִכְנַס עִמּוֹ בְּדִבְרֵי רִיב וּמַצָּה לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עָלָיו לְהָרְגוֹ וְיֵשׁ בָּזֶה מִדְרְשֵׁי אַגָּדָה, אַךְ זֶה יִשּׁוּבוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא:
    (1) ויאמר קין אל הבל AND CAIN SPAKE TO ABEL — He began an argument, striving and contending with him, to seek a pretext to kill him. There are Midrashic explanations of these words, but this is the plain sense of the text.
  11. (טז) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃
    (16) God made the two great lights, the greater light to dominate the day and the lesser light to dominate the night, and the stars.
  12. (א) המארת הגדולים שָׁוִים נִבְרְאוּ וְנִתְמָעֲטָה הַלְּבָנָה עַל שֶׁקִּטְרְגָה וְאָמְרָה אִ”אֶ לִשְׁנֵי מְלָכִים שֶׁיִשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּ בְכֶתֶר אֶחָד: (ב) ואת הכוכבים עַל יְדֵי שֶׁמִּיעֵט אֶת הַלְּבָנָה הִרְבָּה צְבָאָיהָ לְהָפִיס דַעְתָּהּ:
    (1) המאורות הגדולים THE GREAT LUMINARIES — They were created of equal size, but that of the moon was diminished because she complained and said, “It is impossible for two kings to make use of one crown” (Chullin 60b). (2) ואת הכוכבים AND THE STARS — Because He diminished the moon, He increased its attendant hosts to mollify it (Genesis Rabbah 6:4).
  13. Chazal or Ḥazal (Hebrew: חז"ל‎), an acronym for the Hebrew "akhameinu Zikhram Liv'rakha" (חכמינו זכרונם לברכה‎, "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed"), refers to all Jewish sages of the MishnaTosefta and Talmud eras, spanning from the times of the final 300 years of the Second Temple of Jerusalem until the 6th century CE, or c. 250 BCE – c. 625 CE.

     

    Chazal are generally divided according to their era and the main writing done in that era:

    • Soferim ("scribes"): The most common rooted[clarification needed] term used for all sages from before the era of Ezra the scribe until the Zugot era, including the men of the Great Assembly. This era stretches from the Matan Torah ("giving of the Law"; Moses receiving the Torah on Biblical Mount Sinai), to the Halakha("traditions") era, including the times of Simeon the Just; either Simon I (c. 300 BCE) or Simon II (c. 210 BCE).
    • Zugot ("pairs"): Five pairs (zugot) of Tannaim from consecutive generations, who had lived during a period of around 100 years towards the end of the Second Temple era. (142 BCE – ca. 40 BCE)
    • Tannaim ("teachers"): Refers to the sages of the Mishnah, who lived in the Land of Israel until 220 CE. In addition to the Mishnah, their writings were preserved in the Midrash. Key figures among the Tannaim include Hillel the ElderRabbi Akiva, and Judah haNasi.
    • Amoraim ("expounders"): Refers to the sages of the Talmud who were active during the end of the era of the sealing of the Mishnah, and until the times of the sealing of the Talmud (220 CE – 500 CE). The Amoraim sages were active in two areas, the Land of Israel, and Babylon. In addition to the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud, their writings were preserved in midrashs such as Midrash Rabba.
    • Savoraim ("reasoners"): Refers to the sages of Beth midrash (Torah study places) in Babylon from the end of the era of the Amoraim (5th century) and until the beginning of the era of the Geonim (from the end of the 6th century or the midst of the 7th century).

  14. 7 Torah Holidays

     

    Pesach (7)

    Shavuot (1)

    Rosh Hashanah (1)

    Yom Kippur (1)

    Sukkot (7)

    Shemini Etzeret (1)

    Shabbat (52)

    TOTAL: (70)

     

    Shelosh Regalim

     

    Name of Holiday

    Land of Israel:

    Harvest

    People of Israel:

    Memory/History

    Torah of Israel:

    Educative, existential, spiritual meaning,

    Chag HaMatzot

    Pesach


     

    Month of Aviv

    Omer offering

    We were Slaves in Egypt

    Freedom/slavery

    Chag HaKatzir Shavuot

    (Atzeret)

    First Fruits (reaping)

    (there is no mention of a connection with Har Sinai)

    Taking care of the poor

    Chag HaAsif

    Sukkot

    Harvest Festival

    Dwelled in Huts in the desert

    Joy, Happiness


     

    Pesach

    Shavuot

    Sukkot

     

    5 Places that the Torah refers to the Holidays:

    1. What is the Holiday called?

    2. When is the Holiday?

    3. What is the meaning of the Holiday?

     

    Remember we were slaves

     

    1. Shemot Mishpatim Exodus: 23:6-19

    1. (Shabbat - doesn’t name it) - rest your animals and servants so they can be refreshed.

     

    3 Festivals (Pilgrimage) - First choice fruits

    Chag HaMatzot - Month of Aviv (spring) - went forth from Egypt -(historical reason)

    Chag HaKatzir - First Fruits (agricultural)

    Chag Aasif - Harvest Festival (agricultural)

     

    2. Shemot Ki-Tissa Exodus: 34:17-26
    Chag HaMatzot - month of Aviv

    Shabbat

    Chag Hashavuot - First fruits

    Chag Haasif

    3 times a year appear

    Mention of Chag HaPesach


     

    3. Vayikra Emor Leviticus: 23:1-44
    Fixed times: Moadim Hashem

    Shabbat - cessation of creative labor

    1st month - 14th day - Pesach (offering)

    15th day - Chag HaMatzot - Seven days 7th day is also sacred

    Omer - offering begins day after the Sabbath - count seven weeks -

    50 days - Reaping Holiday - leave the corners of your field for the poor

    7th month - First day of the month Zichron Truah

    10th day of 7th Month - Yom HaKippurim

    15th day 7th month - Chag Sukkot - 7days

    8th day - Atzeret

    These are the set times:

    15th day of the 7th month - Festival of (Yud Ha Vav Ha) (in gathering the produce) 7 day Chag

    1st take Pri Atz Hadar Kapot Timarim - Unaf - Atz Ahvit - Arve Nahal

    Dwell in Sukkot 7 days - In order that you will know that you dwelled in booths when you left Egypt

     

    4. Bamidbar Pinchas Numbers: (Chapters 28 & 29) 28:1- 30:1
    The sacrifices for the (Moadim) specified

    Shabbat - It’s offerings

    Rosh Chodesh - It’s offerings

    1st Month - 14th - Pesach L’Hashem

    15th day - 7 day Chag - Eat Matzot - it’s offerings

    Yom HaBikkurim - (no mention of the time)

    7th Month - 1st of the Month - Yom Teruah - it’s offerings

    10th day of 7th Month - Day of Afflicting your soul - it’s offerings

    15th day of 7th Month - Chag to Hashem for 7 days - it’s offerings

    Yom Hashmini Atzeret - it’s offerings

     

    5. Devarim Re’eh Deuteronomy: 16:1-17

    Observe the Month of Aviv - Pesach to Hashem - no eating Chametz for 7 days - Remember that you left Egypt quickly - It is a 7 day Holiday and the 7th day is (Atzeret)

    7 weeks you will count - from the sickle (not Shabbat) - Chag Shavuot - celebrate with family and orphan and widow -

    Chag Sukkot - after the ingathering (Asaf) of your harvest (7) days

    Three festivals rejoice at the place Hashem will tell you

    Chag HaMatzot, Chag HaShavuot, Chag HaSukkot

     

  15. Ishmael ben Elisha, (flourished 2nd century ad), Jewish tanna (Talmudic teacher) and sage who left an enduring imprint on Talmudic literature and on Judaism. He is generally referred to simply as Rabbi Ishmael.

    As a young child, Ishmael, whose parentage is not known but who traced his lineage through a high priest, was taken captive and transported to Rome when the second Temple was destroyed at Jerusalem. He was ransomed from Rome by the older tanna and sage, Rabbi Joshua (Joshua ben Hananiah), on one of the latter’s trips there. Ishmael was taught by Rabbi Joshua, who reputedly had seen in him, even as a captive, great promise as a teacher of the Jews. He lived and taught in southern Palestine. He was a close colleague of Rabbi Akiba (Akiba ben Joseph), who also had studied under Rabbi Joshua. Ishmael used set, rational rules and a simple, literal approach to Biblical exposition, and he occasionally upbraided Akiba for the latter’s excessive interpretations of superficial Biblical words or phrases. As tanna he was held in affection for his human approach; one of his dicta was, “Receive all men joyfully.” He is remembered for his flexible approach to Judaic practice, and he interpreted the Law so as to mitigate rather than introduce hardship.

    Ishmael founded a Talmudic school, known simply as “the house of Ishmael,” that is credited with the Midrash, or commentary, on the book of Exodus, the Mekhilta(Measure), and the Sifre (a form of commentary) on Numbers and part of the Sifre on Deuteronomy. Ishmael himself refined the exegetical principles known as the Seven Rules of Hillel and amplified them to thirteen in number.

    The literature of the tanna period dealing with mysticism mentions Ishmael, and a number of mystical works are attributed to him, including several of the type known as maʿase bereshit (“work of creation”) and several in the genre of maʿase Merkava (“work of the chariot,” a reference to the divine chariot seen by the prophet in Ezekiel I). Maʿase bereshit dealt with mystical cosmology and cosmogony, while maʿase Merkava was the basic element of Jewish mysticism of the era. Ishmael is best remembered, however, for his work as tanna and exegete of the Torah.