David and Jonathan

Sources

David inquired, “Is there anyone still left of the House of Saul with whom I can keep faith for the sake of Jonathan?” There was a servant of the House of Saul named Ziba, and they summoned him to David. “Are you Ziba?” the king asked him. “Yes, sir,” he replied. The king continued, “Is there anyone at all left of the House of Saul with whom I can keep faith as pledged before God?” Ziba answered the king, “Yes, there is still a son of Jonathan whose feet are crippled.” “Where is he?” the king asked, and Ziba said to the king, “He is in the house of Machir son of Ammiel, in Lo-debar.”…

II Samuel 9:1-8

In the morning, Jonathan went out into the open for the meeting with David, accompanied by a young boy. He said to the boy, “Run ahead and find the arrows that I shoot.” And as the boy ran, he shot the arrows past him. When the boy came to the place where the arrows shot by Jonathan had fallen, Jonathan called out to the boy, “Hey, the arrows are beyond you!” And Jonathan called after the boy, “Quick, hurry up. Don’t stop!” So Jonathan’s boy gathered the arrows and came back to his master.— The boy suspected nothing; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement.—…

I Samuel 20:35-42

So Jonathan spoke well of David to his father Saul. He said to him, “Let not Your Majesty wrong his servant David, for he has not wronged you; indeed, all his actions have been very much to your advantage. He took his life in his hands and killed the Philistine, and the LORD wrought a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced. Why then should you incur the guilt of shedding the blood of an innocent man, killing David without cause?” Saul heeded Jonathan’s plea, and Saul swore, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death!”…

I Samuel 19:4-7

And Saul’s son Jonathan came to David at Horesh and encouraged him in [the name of] God. He said to him, “Do not be afraid: the hand of my father Saul will never touch you. You are going to be king over Israel and I shall be second to you; and even my father Saul knows this is so.” And the two of them entered into a pact before the LORD. David remained in Horesh, and Jonathan went home.

I Samuel 23:16-18

All love that depends on a something, [when the] thing ceases, [the] love ceases; and [all love] that does not depend on anything, will never cease. What is an example of love that depended on a something? Such was the love of Amnon for Tamar. And what is an example of love that did not depend on anything? Such was the love of David and Jonathan.

Pirkei Avot 5:16

From Dovid's enemies. Scripture euphemized. Its real meaning is that the The Holy One, Blessed is He, demanded the punishment of the transgression from Dovid. When he transgressed the covenant, and said to Mefiboshes, "You and Tziva shall divide the field," a bas kol came forth, and said, 'Rechavam and Yorovom shall divide the kingdom.' And so did Targum Yonoson render, 'and Adonoy took retribution from Dovid's enemies.'

Rashi on I Samuel 20:16:2

So may Adonoy do to Yonoson. The Holy One, Blessed is He, when I question my father, and find that he is favorable toward you, if I do not [send word] through a messenger and reveal to you, for good I am able to reveal. But if it pleases my father to do evil to you, that I will not reveal [by messenger], lest my father find out your whereabouts, but I will personally reveal it to you. I will not [ask of you] if I still be alive. An expression of request, as in and if only [וָלאׁ] it will be given to your bondsman…

Rashi on I Samuel 20:13:1-14:1

Far be it from you. To suspect me thus, that I know he has decided upon evil, and not to tell you.

Rashi on I Samuel 20:9:1

I will shoot in that direction. This is not a dotted ה׳. Thus צִדָּה is interpreted like לַצַּד [to a side]. Every word which requires a 'ל' as a prefix, Scripture puts a 'ה' as a suffix, meaning, 'at the side of that stone, I will shoot arrows to a target' so that the youth will not understand, and this sign will be for you to divine whether you need to run away.

Rashi on I Samuel 20:20:1

When [David] finished speaking with Saul, Jonathan’s soul became bound up with the soul of David; Jonathan loved David as himself. Saul took him [into his service] that day and would not let him return to his father’s house.— Jonathan and David made a pact, because [Jonathan] loved him as himself. Jonathan took off the cloak and tunic he was wearing and gave them to David, together with his sword, bow, and belt.

I Samuel 18:1-4

How have the mighty fallen
In the thick of battle—
Jonathan, slain on your heights! I grieve for you,
My brother Jonathan,
You were most dear to me.
Your love was wonderful to me
More than the love of women.

II Samuel 1:25-26

When the boy got there, David emerged from his concealment at the Negeb. He flung himself face down on the ground and bowed low three times. They kissed each other and wept together; David wept the longer. Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace! For we two have sworn to each other in the name of the LORD: ‘May the LORD be [witness]
between you and me, and between your offspring and mine, forever!’”

I Samuel 20:41-42

Saul urged his son Jonathan and all his courtiers to kill David. But Saul’s son Jonathan was very fond of David, and Jonathan told David, “My father Saul is bent on killing you. Be on your guard tomorrow morning; get to a secret place and remain in hiding. I will go out and stand next to my father in the field where you will be, and I will speak to my father about you. If I learn anything, I will tell you.”

I Samuel 19:1-3

Saul thought: “I will give her to him, and she can serve as a snare for him, so that the Philistines may kill him.” So Saul said to David, “You can become my son-in-law even now through the second one.”

David fled from Naioth in Ramah; he came to Jonathan and said, “What have I done, what is my crime and my guilt against your father, that he seeks my life?” He replied, “Heaven forbid! You shall not die. My father does not do anything, great or small, without disclosing it to me; why should my father conceal this matter from me? It cannot be!” David swore further, “Your father knows well that you are fond of me and has decided: Jonathan must not learn of this or he will be grieved. But, as the LORD lives and as you live, there is only a step between me and death.”

I Samuel 20:1-3

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