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Prohibitions of Yom Kippur

Laws of the Calendar

Sources

And this shall be to you a law for all time: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall practice self-denial; and you shall do no manner of work, neither the citizen nor the alien who resides among you.

Leviticus 16:29

Mark, the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall bring an offering by fire to יהוה; you shall do no work throughout that day. For it is a Day of Atonement, on which expiation is made on your behalf before your God יהוה. Indeed, any person who does not practice self-denial throughout that day shall be cut off from kin; and whoever does any work throughout that day, I will cause that person to perish from among the people…

Leviticus 23:27-32

3) And whence is it derived that eating, drinking, bathing, anointment, shodding, and cohabitation are forbidden on Yom Kippur? From "shabbaton shvuth." I might then think that all of these are forbidden on the Sabbath of creation (i.e., an ordinary Sabbath). It is, therefore, written (Vayikra 16:31) "Sabbath shabbaton is it" (Yom Kippur). It is forbidden in all of them, but not the Sabbath of creation.

Sifra, Acharei Mot, Chapter 8 3

MISHNA: On Yom Kippur, the day on which there is a mitzva by Torah law to afflict oneself, it is prohibited to engage in eating and in drinking, and in bathing, and in smearing oil on one’s body, and in wearing shoes, and in conjugal relations. However, the king, in deference to his eminence, and a new bride within thirty days of her marriage, who wishes to look especially attractive at the beginning of her relationship with her husband, may wash their faces on Yom Kippur…

Yoma 73b:13-74a:5

§ The Gemara asks: And do the Rabbis, i.e., the first tanna, mean to say with regard to bathing that when she does not bathe it involves affliction? The Gemara raises a contradiction from a baraita that states: Although one is prohibited from performing any of the five activities associated with affliction on Yom Kippur, i.e., eating or drinking, bathing, anointing, engaging in sexual intercourse, and wearing leather shoes, one is punished with karet only when one eats or drinks or performs prohibited…

Nedarim 80b:5-6

3) (Vayikra 23:28) ("And all work you shall not do on this self-same day; for it is a day of atonement to atone for you before the L–rd your G d.") "And all work you shall not do on this self-same day": This is the exhortation against labor (on Yom Kippur). (Vayikra 23:30) "And every soul that shall do any labor on this self-same day, I shall make that soul go lost from the midst of its people.": This is the punishment against labor. 4) (Vayikra 23:29) "For every soul which will not be afflicted on this self-same day will be cut off from its people…

Sifra, Emor, Chapter 14 3-7

8) And whence is it derived that if Yom Kippur fell on a Sabbath and he unwittingly performed a (forbidden) labor that he is liable for each (day) in itself? From "It is Sabbath," (Vayikra 23:27) "It is Yom Kippur." These are the words of R. Akiva. R. Yossi says: He is liable only for one.

Sifra, Emor, Section 9 8

There is another positive commandment on Yom Kippur, to refrain from eating and drinking, as [Leviticus 16:29] states: "You shall afflict your souls." According to the Oral Tradition, it has been taught: What is meant by afflicting one's soul? Fasting.
Whoever fasts on this day fulfills a positive commandment. Whoever eats or drinks on this day negates the observance of [this] positive commandment and violates a negative commandment, as [ibid. 23:29] states, "Any soul that does not afflict itself will be cut off…

Mishneh Torah, Rest on the Tenth of Tishrei 1:4-5

IN THE SEVENTH MONTH, ON THE TENTH DAY OF THE MONTH, YE SHALL AFFLICT YOUR SOULS. Since Scripture writes, And let your soul delight itself in fatness (Is. 55:2), we know that affliction is the reverse of delight and that affliction of the soul refers to fasting. Furthermore, Scripture states, And satisfy the afflicted soul (Is. 58:10), the meaning of which is like And if thou draw out thy soul to the hungry (Ibid.), for it is the style of the prophets to repeat themselves. Now since we have tradition there is no reason to go on searching…

Ibn Ezra on Leviticus 16:29:2

§ The mishna taught that as per the five prohibited activities on Yom Kippur it is prohibited to engage in eating and in drinking, and in bathing, and in smearing the body with oil, and in wearing shoes, and in conjugal relations. The Gemara asks: These five afflictions of Yom Kippur, to what do they correspond? Where is the Torah source or allusion to them? Rav Ḥisda said: They are based on the five times that the afflictions of Yom Kippur are mentioned in the Torah…

The commandment of resting from work on Yom Kippur: To rest from all work on Yom Kippur, as it is stated, (Leviticus 23:32), “A Shabbat of shabbaton is it to you.” And I have written what they, may their memory be blessed, said (Shabbat 25a), “This ‘shabbaton’ is a positive commandment” — meaning to say that its understanding is as if it says, “Rest on this day.” It is from the roots of the commandment from the angle of the simple understanding [that it is] so that we not be preoccupied with anything…

Sefer HaChinukh 317:1-2

Some problems in the text that need explaining. 1) Why does the Torah relate the service on the Day of Atonement to the two sons of Aaron that had died? (16,1) Why mention their death at this point? 2) Why does the High Priest bring one sin offering and one total offering, whereas for the people there are two sin offerings and one total offering? 3) What is the reason for the drawing of lots as to which he-goat will serve which purpose? 4) Why is the tabernacle when Aaron enters it to remove the spoon and pan for the incense in verse twenty three…

Akeidat Yitzchak 63:1:6

MISHNA: If one ate and drank unwittingly within one lapse of awareness, e.g., he forgot that it is Yom Kippur, he is liable to bring only one sin-offering. However, if he ate and performed labor unwittingly, he is liable to bring two sin-offerings, as by doing so he violated two separate prohibitions. If he ate foods that are not fit for eating, or drank liquids that are not fit for drinking, or drank fish brine or the briny liquid in which fish are pickled, he is exempt…

והיתה לכם לחקת עולם, "and it shall become for you an eternal statute, etc." The reason the Torah had to add the word לכם, "for you," is that during the earlier part of the chapter G'd had told Moses to address Aaron. At this point Moses is to address the entire nation, to wit "the natural-born Jew and the stranger who had converted." The Torah wants to avoid our making a mistake and tells us that the commandment concerning the activities of the priests only appears at the beginning of the paragraph…

Or HaChaim on Leviticus 16:29:1

MISHNA: The difference between Shabbat and Yom Kippur with regard to the labor prohibited on those days is only that in this case, i.e., Shabbat, its intentional desecration is punishable at the hand of Man, as he is stoned by a court based on the testimony of witnesses who forewarned the transgressor; and in that case, i.e., Yom Kippur, its intentional desecration is punishable at the hand of God, with karet.

And these too are liable to receive karet: One who eats leavened bread on Passover, and one who eats or performs prohibited labor on Yom Kippur. And the same is the punishment of one who blends the anointing oil according to the specifications of the oil prepared by Moses in the wilderness (see Exodus 30:22–33); and one who blends the incense according to the specifications of the incense used in the Temple service for purposes other than use in the Temple; and one who applies the anointing oil to his skin…

Based on the fact that the word appointed indicates that the scapegoat is sent away even on Shabbat, Rafram said: That is to say that the concept of eiruv and the prohibition against carrying out apply to Shabbat, but eiruv and carrying out do not apply to Yom Kippur. If these halakhot applied equally to Yom Kippur, and nevertheless the Torah commanded that the scapegoat be sent away, it would be unnecessary to derive that the same is true even if Yom Kippur occurs on Shabbat.

Just as it is forbidden to proceed beyond a city's [Sabbath] limits on the Sabbath, so too, it is forbidden to proceed beyond those limits on the holidays and on Yom Kippur.
Just as a person who transfers an article from one domain to another on the Sabbath is liable, so too, a person who transfers an article from one domain to another on Yom Kippur is liable. On the holidays, by contrast, it is permitted to transfer articles from one domain to another.
Therefore, eruvin should be established in courtyards and shitufim should be established in lanes for Yom Kippur…

Mishneh Torah, Eruvin 8:4

§ The mishna relates that as a result of the confusion, they slaughtered the daily offering before dawn. The Gemara asks: When did this incident occur? If we say it occurred during the rest of the days of the year, is there no alternative to having the service performed by the High Priest? The mishna states that after slaughtering the daily offering, they led the High Priest down to the Hall of Immersion. On all the other days of the year, the High Priest need not perform the service and it may be performed by a common priest…

Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa, Rebbi Yasa in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: Qeri is only from sexual intercourse. Rav Huna said, even if he saw himself enjoying in his dream. They wanted to say, only from a woman. Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Yose, both of them say, even from something else. There (Mishnah Yoma 8:1) we have stated: Eating, drinking, washing, anointing, wearing shoes, and sexual intercourse are forbidden on Yom Kippur…

Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 3:4:5

Relatedראו גם

Laws of Yom Kippur

Sheetsדפי מקורות

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