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Shir Hama'alot
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A song of ascents.
Happy are all who fear the L
ORD
,
who follow His ways.
Psalms 128:1
A song for ascents
[The Psalmist] alludes, in the second psalm, to the steps that ascend for the righteous in the future from beneath the tree of life to the Throne of Glory, as we learned in Sifrei (Ekev 47): “It does not say here, ‘A song of ascents’ but, ‘A song for ascents’; a song for the One Who is destined to make ascents for the righteous in the future.” This is what the Kalir established (in the concluding poem of the morning service for the second day of Succoth, which was composed by Rabbi Elazar the son of Rabbi Simon the son of Yochai in Chagigah…
Rashi on Psalms 121:1:2
with flaming torches
that they would juggle
in their hands, and they would say before them passages of song and praise
to God.
And the Levites
would play
on lyres, harps, cymbals, and trumpets, and countless
other
musical instruments.
The musicians would stand
on the fifteen stairs that descend from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, corresponding to the fifteen
Songs of the
Ascents in Psalms,
i.e., chapters 120–134, and
upon which
the
Levites stand with musical instruments and recite
their
song.
Sukkah 51b:1
Psalm of Ascents to the Lord in its distress. Jeremiah said (Jeremiah 20:13) "Sing to the Lord, praise the Lord". Why and for what reason? Because He saved the soul of the poor from the hands of the wicked. When the Lord redeemed Israel, not only did they give thanks, but everyone gave thanks. First, He redeemed them from Egypt and Jethro praised Him, as it is said (Exodus 18:9-11) "Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness that the Lord had done to Israel, whom He had delivered out of the hand of the Egyptians...Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods"…
Midrash Tehillim 120:1
§ The mishna continues: The musicians would stand on the
fifteen stairs
that descend from the Israelites’ courtyard to the Women’s Courtyard, corresponding to the fifteen Songs of the Ascents in Psalms.
Rav Ḥisda said to one of the Sages who was organizing
aggada
before him: Did you hear
with regard to
these fifteen
Songs of
Ascents
in Psalms,
corresponding to what did David say them? He said to him
that
this
is what
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: At the time that David dug the drainpipes
in the foundation of the Temple…
Sukkah 53a:12-53b:2
The song that is said on the ascents from the abyss. Before
Adonai
, when I was distressed, I prayed, and He received my prayer.
Aramaic Targum to Psalms 120:1
A Song of Ascents. I lift my eyes to the mountains, etc. David said a song of ascents that raises us up to a level from which we will never again descend to the subjugation of the kingdom of Esau. As it is said, "And saviors shall go up to Mount Zion to judge the mountains of Esau." (Obadiah 1:21) The people of Israel say to God, "We will sing to You a song about that level to which You raised us up from the kingdom." Therefore, it is said, "I lift my eyes to the mountains." What are the mountains? On the day when God comes to judgment…
Midrash Tehillim 121:1
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ראו גם
King David
Birkat HaMazon
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