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Notable Sources
All Sources
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Legends of the Nephilim Giants
TANAKH
The story of the Nephilim, born from the union of mysterious beings and human women, presents a fascinating description of the primordial order. The book of Genesis, the first book of the Torah, recounts this narrative, setting the stage for the divine decree limiting human lifespan due to their fleshly nature.
The Atonement of Azazel
TALMUD
Azazel plays a crucial role in atoning for the sins of the 'sons of God' who caused widespread sin during the generation of the Flood. The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael, an ancient midrash from the land of Israel on the book of Exodus, explains the connection between Azazel and the atonement for the sins of Uzza and Azael.
The Offspring of Angels
MIDRASH
The story of Naamah and the angels delves into Jewish mythological traditions and the origins of the devil Asmodeus. Louis Ginzberg’s early 20th-century work, Legends of the Jews, weaves together various Jewish folklore and aggadah to create a rich narrative about the children of the angels.
The Fallen Angels
COMMENTARY
The term 'Nephilim' in Genesis 6:2 is interpreted to mean 'fallen,' specifically identifying Shamchazai and Azael as angels who fell from heaven. The Siftei Chakhamim, a classic commentary on Rashi’s explanations of the Torah, provides deeper insights into the term 'Nephilim' and its connection to earlier biblical narratives.
Angels and Human Wives
SECOND TEMPLE
The story of angels choosing human wives based on their beauty is a fascinating and controversial episode in Jewish lore. Philo of Alexandria, a first-century Jewish philosopher, offers a unique interpretation of the Genesis passage describing the 'sons of God' taking human wives.
The Virtuous Anakites
MUSAR
The Anakites, descendants of the Nephilim, could be seen as morally superior, since they survived the deluge. Rabbi Isaiah Horowitz, in his 17th-century work, explores the virtues of the Anakites and the moral standards of the land of Canaan.
The Divine Status of the Israelites and Angels
MIDRASH
The Israelites and angels are both referred to as 'Sons of God,' highlighting their shared divine status. Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, an eighth-century midrashic work, explores the equivalence of the Israelites and angels in their divine status.
The Children of the Elite
COMMENTARY
The interpretation that the 'children of the elite' are the offspring of judges and societal leaders reveals the social and legal implications of their actions, suggesting a critique of power dynamics. Rabbeinu Bahya, a medieval Jewish commentator, examines plain and mystical interpretations to explore the biblical narrative and its societal issues.
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