The Four Species

The four species are four plants associated with the holiday of Sukkot. The commandment to gather the four species originates in Leviticus 23:40. Rabbinic sources discuss the exact meaning of each of the phrases in the verse and ultimately identify the four species as: the etrog (citron fruit), lulav (closed frond of a palm tree), hadas (myrtle bough) and aravah (willow branch).