Tosefet Shabbat

Laws of the Calendar

Sources

“It was evening and it was morning, the sixth day, [and heaven and earth were finished…]” (Genesis 1:31–2:1) – Rabbi Yudan said: This is the additional hour [late Friday afternoon] that one takes away from the profane and adds to the sacred [Shabbat], during which the labor of the world was completed. That is why “the sixth [day, and heaven and earth were finished]” is written.
Rabbi Simon ben Marta said: Until this point, one reckons [the days] according to the count of the world, from here on, one reckons according to a different count.

Bereshit Rabbah 9:14

The Gemara answers: He requires this verse of “keep your Shabbat” for that which was taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall afflict your souls on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening until evening, you shall rest on your Shabbat” (Leviticus 23:32). One might have thought that one should start to afflict oneself on the ninth of Tishrei; therefore, the verse states “at evening.” If the Torah had stated only “at evening,” one might have thought that the fast starts only when darkness falls…

Another interpretation, “remember” – the Rabbis said: To what is this matter comparable? To a king who returned from war, whereupon a noblewoman lauded him. The king said: ‘You shall be called: Specialist of the Council.’ Days later she began to cause confusion in administering the king’s grants. The king said to her: ‘Is this what you have done? Be banished to confinement.’ So, too, when the Holy One blessed be He waged war at the Sea, Miriam recited song and was called a prophetess, as it is stated: “Miriam the prophetess took [a timbrel…]” (Exodus 15:20)…

Devarim Rabbah 6:12

When the Sabbath begins to draw to a close Israel must draw it out as long as possible, for it is a great and exalted day, and the Shekinah, moreover, is our guest on that day, and so we must make every effort to detain the celestial guest as long as possible. Then, at the conclusion of the Sabbath, we commence prayers by reciting: “And He being merciful, forgiveth iniquity….” This verse is very appropriate for that night, because then Rigour resumes it sway, whereas it is not appropriate for reciting at the entrance of the Sabbath, since that Rigour is then completely withdrawn from the world…

Zohar, Vayakhel 18:243

“Afterward Moses and Aaron came, and said to Pharaoh: So said the Lord, God of Israel: Let My people go, and they will hold a feast to Me in the wilderness” (Exodus 5:1).
“Afterward Moses and Aaron came” – where did the elders go, that they were not included with them, as the Holy One blessed be He already said to him: “And you shall come, you and the elders of Israel” (Exodus 3:18)? Our Rabbis, of blessed memory, said: The elders accompanied them, but secretively stole away one at a time or two at a time and left…

Shemot Rabbah 5:14

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