תהילת אלוקים הוא הצהרת הערכה כלפי הקב"ה במגוון מצבים והקשרים. הצהרות כאלה מצויות באופן מרוכז בספר תהילים אך גם נפוצות בספרים אחרים בתנ"ך ובטקסטים דתיים מאוחרים יותר.
״ארבע לשונות של גאולה״ הן הביטויים שאמר האל למשה (ספר שמות, פרק ו׳, פסוקים ו-ח) המבטאים את שלבי גאולת עם ישראל מעבדות מצרים. לדעת חלק מהדעות בתלמוד הירושלמי - הן מהוות את מקור המנהג של שתיית ארבע כוסות יין בליל הסדר. ארבע הלשונות הן: ״והוצאתי״ - ״והצלתי״, ״וגאלתי״ - ״ולקחתי״ - ויש שביארו שישנה גם לשון גאולה חמישית - ״והבאתי״.
A thorny topic in Jewish thought, and beyond, the following can be said about the “chosenness” of the Jewish people. In Genesis 12, God singles out Abraham to make a covenant and later quietly expresses what the role of his nation of descendants will be. Later Jewish thinkers, across textual genres, emphasize the eternal, unconditional, and unbreakable nature of God’s election of and covenant with the Jewish people, perhaps in response to other religions’ claims to the contrary.
Gehenna, or Gehinnom in Hebrew, is often thought of as the Jewish hell and is the term used in rabbinic literature to refer to the place where the wicked go after death. The name likely originates from a valley south of Jerusalem called Gehinnom or Gey Ben Hinnom, which the prophet Jeremiah cursed for being a site of idolatry and child sacrifice.
The concept of souls being reborn in other bodies or things after death is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible or in classical rabbinic texts like the Mishnah and Talmud but is discussed in later kabbalistic texts and works of Jewish thought. Some of these texts debate the existence of reincarnation, while others explain the purpose of reincarnation, how some biblical figures were reincarnations of other biblical figures, and how certain commandments in the Torah help facilitate the process of reincarnation.
The first mention of the angel Gabriel is in the book of Daniel, where he helps to explain Daniel’s vision. He reappears throughout rabbinic literature and in the texts that accompany the bedtime recitation of the Shema. His name, which means “might of God,” explains why he often serves as an emissary of God’s strength.
Belief in the coming of the Messiah and the messianic era has been a principle of faith for the Jewish people throughout the Jewish textual tradition. Liturgy includes yearning for the messianic era, and prophets and later commentaries and texts explore what that era will look like. Some describe the era as cosmic in nature with supernatural elements, while others view it as more limited in scope and focus on rational outcomes. In all of these, however, exists a hope for a better future.
In Judaism, priests are believed to be the descendants of Aaron. In the Bible, they are charged with doing the ritual work in the Mishkan and later the Temples, under the leadership of a high priest. In Temple times, priests were also entitled to certain gifts and portions of sacrifices. Today, some people of priestly descent recite a special blessing in the synagogue and are careful to avoid contact with corpses, among other responsibilities and restrictions. The Hebrew word for priest is kohen.
Midrash is a form of literature that interprets and elaborates upon biblical texts, mostly compiled from the 5th century CE through the medieval period. Books in this category generally share common methods of interpretation, like filling in gaps in biblical stories. Sections of midrash appear frequently throughout the Talmud.
Metatron is an angel mentioned several times throughout apocryphal, rabbinic, and kabbalistic literature. He is occasionally presented as a heavenly scribe. In two of the three instances in which he appears in the Talmud, his character prompts questions from heretics who question whether Metatron is a god. In some sources, Metatron is associated with the biblical character Enoch.
Commandments (mitzvot, in Hebrew) originate in the Torah and are expanded upon in rabbinic literature. They can be categorized in several ways, such as commandments that require an action or those that prohibit an action, those that are between a person and God or those that are between a person and another person, and those that are tied to the land of Israel and those that apply all over the world; these categories have been used to create different lists enumerating the commandments and to illuminate different aspects of the commandments. The reward for and importance of performing commandments, and the underlying purpose of the commandments, are topics of discussion throughout the Jewish textual tradition.
משיח - דמות מרכזית בשליחות אלוהים, הנחשבת כגואלת העתידית של עם ישראל, פותחת את העידן המשיחי ומביאה לבסוף לשלום עולמי. מקורות היהדות לאורך הדורות מתווכחים על אופיים של ימות המשיח ועל התפקיד שהאמונה במשיח צריכה למלא. כל המקורות שותפים לציפייה למשיח ולגאולה שמלווה את העם היהודי דורות רבים ומוזכרת פעמים רבות בתפילה ובשאר המקורות. בתנ"ך, המילה משיח משמשת להתייחסות למלכים או כוהנים גדולים, שנבחרו על ידי אלוהים ונמשחו בשמן.
Prophecy features throughout in Jewish literature, most prominently with prophets who appear throughout the Bible. The Talmud counts 55 people recorded in the Bible who prophesied on behalf of Israel, and notes that there were many additional prophets whose prophecies may not have been recorded.
Miracles feature throughout the Jewish textual tradition. Supernatural events appear throughout the Bible, including the ten plagues, the splitting of the sea, and when the walls of Jericho fell, among others. Miracles feature in later rabbinic texts as well, and ancient through contemporary works analyze the nature and significance of miracles.
Sitra Achra (literally "other side") is a kabbalistic term refering to the realm of evil or impure forces, in opposition to the Sitra D’Kedushah, the side of holiness.
Samael is an angel mentioned in second-Temple works of Apocrypha, rabbinic literature, and kabbalistic sources. He is generally presented as an agent of evil—occasionally identified as Satan—serving as an adversary, seducer, or destroyer.
The prohibition against worshipping other gods is the second of the Ten Commandments, and one of the seven Noahide Laws, the laws the rabbis understood to be incumbent upon all non-Jews as well. That is, ideally, all the world recognizes God as the Creator and Master of the Universe. Nevertheless, worship of other gods is central to the dramatic relationship between God and Israel throughout the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). Defining idolatry and ensuring that one does not inadvertently worship an idol or other god is the core of the mishnaic and talmudic tractates of Avodah Zarah.
Olam Haba–"the world to come" in English–is a phrase used to describe the afterlife, understood by some as the place where individual souls go upon death and by others as the place where bodies go, together with their souls, in a future time known as techiyat hametim (revival of the dead). The world to come is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible, but later sources understand it as a place where divine justice is executed.
Many biblical and rabbinic sources describe God using the language of physicality, but influential rabbinic texts emphasize that denial of God's physicality is a key principle of Jewish faith. Philosophers, scholars, kabbalists, and commentators have all attempted to explain how a transcendent God can be described in human terms. A few have maintained that God does or could indeed possess a physical form, some have interpreted physical language in traditional sources metaphorically, and some have reinterpreted it in light of kabbalistic concepts.
ארבע אותיות אלה (שבאנגלית נכתבות YHVH) מייצגות את 'השם המפורש' של אלוהים. מסורת יהודית עתיקה אוסרת להגות בקול את השם, ולכן אופן ההגייה המקורי של מילה זו אינו ברור. במקום זאת, ישנן מגוון של מילים שמחליפות את השם המפורש כמו "אדוניי" ו"השם" בהתאם להקשר.
Written as part of Rambam's Commentary on the Mishnah to the tenth chapter of tractate Sanhedrin, Rambam's 13 Principles of Faith articulate the fundamental tenets of Jewish faith. Rambam wanted to help people avoid errors of faith. The 13 Principles are first found as declarative statements of faith ("I believe with perfect faith that...") in the Venice Hagaddah of 1566 CE and most popularly known from the poem, Yigdal, from around 1300 CE.
אודות "נושאים"
דפי הנושא מציגים מקורות נבחרים מארון הספרים היהודי עבור אלפי נושאים. ניתן לדפדף לפי קטגוריה או לחפש לפי נושא ספציפי, ובסרגל הצד מוצגים הנושאים הפופולריים ביותר ואלה הקשורים אליהם. הקליקו ושוטטו בין הנושאים השונים כדי ללמוד עוד.
בעזרת התרומה שלכם נוכל להוסיף מקורות, תרגומים, לפתח כלים חדשים ללימוד ולשמור על גישה חופשית ללימוד תורה, בכל מקום ובכל זמן. הקדישו יום לימוד
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