| 3338/423 B.C.E. |
Destruction of First Temple and beginning of Babylonian Exile |
| 3389/372 B.C.E. |
Babylon falls to Medes and Persians under Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Great of Persia |
| 3391/370 B.C.E. |
Cyrus reigns, permits Jews to return to Eretz Yisrael |
| 3408/353 B.C.E. |
Darius the Persian permits Jews to rebuild Temple |
| 3442/319 B.C.E. |
Beginning of Greek era |
| 3448/313 B.C.E. |
Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty rules Eretz Yisrael |
| 3562/199 B.C.E. |
Antiochus III the Great, scion of the Seleucid dynasty and ruler of Syria, wrests Eretz Yisrael from Egypt |
| 3571/190 B.C.E. |
Rome defeats Antiochus III at Magnesia |
| 3586/175 B.C.E. |
Antiochus IV reigns |
| 3594/168 B.C.E. |
Desecration of Temple by Antiochus |
| 3597/165 B.C.E. |
Conquest of Temple by Hasmoneans; the miracle of Chanukah |
| 3598/163 B.C.E. |
Antiochus IV dies |
| 3599/162 B.C.E. |
His son, Antiochus V, besieges Jerusalem |
| 3600/161 B.C.E. |
Demetrius I (son of Seleucus IV) rules; Alcimus appointed Kohen Gadol; defeat and death of Syrian general Nikanor (13 Adar) |
| 3601 /160 B.C.E. |
Yehudah killed in battle; Yonasan elected leader of the Jewish rebellion |
| 3602/159 B.C.E. |
Alcimus dies |
| 3609/152 B.C.E. |
Alexander (Balas) I, alleged son of Antiochus IV, contests rule of Demetrius I; both recognize Yonasan as Kohen Gadol |
| 3610/151 B.C.E. |
Alexander I rules |
| 3614/147 B.C.E |
Alexander I deposed (by Ptolemy IV king of Egypt); Demetrius II (son of Demetrius I) rules |
| 3617/144 B.C.E. |
Tryphon deposes Demetrius II (who escapes), and rules on (approx.) behalf of the infant Antiochus VI (son of Alexander I) |
| 3619/142 B.C.E. |
Tryphon tricks Yonasan and kills him; Shimon takes over Kehunah Gedolah, proclaims himself ‘Prince of the Jews’ |
| 3619/142 B.C.E. |
Tryphon kills Antiochus VI and proclaims himself king |
| 3621/140 B.C.E. |
Sanhedrin and the People proclaim Shimon ‘Prince of the Jews’ 18 Elul). |
| 3621-3725/140-36 B.C.E. |
Rule of the Hasmonean dynasty (Shimon, Yochanan Hyrkanos, Yehudah Aristobulus, Alexander Yannai, Queen Alexandra Hyrkanos and Aristobulus) |
| 3630/131 B.C.E. |
Yochanan Hyrkanos forms an alliance with Antiochus VII |
| 3632/129 B.C.E. |
Antiochus VII dies |
| 3698/63 B.C.E. |
Roman consul Pompei conquers Jerusalem |
| 3725-3828/36 B.C.E.-68 C.E. |
Rule of Herodian dynasty and Roman governors (Herod, Archelaus, Roman governors, Agrippa I, Roman governors) |
| 3828/68 C.E. |
Destruction of Second Temple by Romans (according to some, the year was 3829) |
