Star Wars & Judaism II: The Empire Strikes Back

Honoring Friends

Han pushes through the troops and mounts a Tauntaun.

Deck officer: “Your Tauntaun'll freeze before you reach the first marker.”

Han Solo: “Then I'll see you in hell!”

Han maneuvers his mount out of the cave and races into the dark bitter night.

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יְהִי כְבוֹד חֲבֵרְךָ חָבִיב עָלֶיךָ כְּשֶׁלָּךְ, וְאַל תְּהִי נוֹחַ לִכְעֹס. וְשׁוּב יוֹם אֶחָד לִפְנֵי מִיתָתְךָ.

Rabbi Eliezer said: "Let the honor of your friend be as dear to you as your own; And be not easily provoked to anger; And repent one day before your death."

Murder

Admiral Ozzel: “Lord Vader, the fleet has moved out of light-speed, and we're preparing to... Aaagh!”

Darth Vader: “You have failed me for the last time, Admiral. Captain Piett.”

Piett steps forward, as the admiral moves away, slightly confused, touching his throat as it begins to constrict painfully.

לֹ֥֖א תִּֿרְצָֽ֖ח׃ (ס) לֹ֣֖א תִּֿנְאָֽ֑ף׃ (ס) לֹ֣֖א תִּֿגְנֹֽ֔ב׃ (ס) לֹֽא־תַעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁקֶר׃ (ס)
You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

שְׁמַעְיָה אוֹמֵר, אֱהֹב אֶת הַמְּלָאכָה, וּשְׂנָא אֶת הָרַבָּנוּת, וְאַל תִּתְוַדַּע לָרָשׁוּת:

Shemaiah used to say: "Love work, hate acting the superior, and do not attempt to draw near to the ruling authority."

Make a teacher for yourself

Force-ghost Ben Kenobi: “You will go to the Dagobah system.”

Luke: “ Dagobah system?”

Force-ghost Ben Kenobi: “There you will learn from Yoda, the Jedi Master who instructed me.”

יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה לְךָ רַב, וּקְנֵה לְךָ חָבֵר, וֶהֱוֵי דָן אֶת כָּל הָאָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת:

Joshua ben Perahiah used to say: "Make a teacher for yourself, acquire a friend for yourself, and judge all men with the scale weighted in his favor."

Treating People When Meeting Them

Yoda: “I am wondering, why are you here?”

Luke: “I'm looking for someone.”

Yoda: “Looking? Found someone, you have, I would say, hmmm?”

שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה תוֹרָתְךָ קֶבַע. אֱמֹר מְעַט וַעֲשֵׂה הַרְבֵּה, וֶהֱוֵי מְקַבֵּל אֶת כָּל הָאָדָם בְּסֵבֶר פָּנִים יָפוֹת:

Shammai used to say: "Make your [study of the] Torah a fixed practice; speak little, but do much; and receive everyone with a pleasant countenance."

War's Greatness

Yoda: “Help you I can. Yes, mmmm.”

Luke: “ I don't think so. I'm looking for a great warrior.”

Yoda: “Ahhh! A great warrior. Wars not make one great.”

בֶּן זוֹמָא אוֹמֵר...אֵיזֶהוּ גִבּוֹר, הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז) טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר וּמשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ מִלֹּכֵד עִיר....

Ben Zoma said: "...Who is mighty/a warrior? He who subdues his [evil] inclination, as it is said: 'He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that rules his spirit than he that takes a city' (Proverbs 16:3). ..."

Patience

Luke: “Oh, come on. How could you know my father? You don't even know who I am. Oh, I don't know what I'm doing here. We're wasting our time.”

The creature turns away from Luke and speaks to a third party.

Yoda: “I cannot teach him. The boy has no patience.”

Luke's head spins in the direction the creature faces. But there is no one there. The boy is bewildered, but it gradually dawns on him that the little creature is Yoda, the Jedi Master, and that he is speaking with Ben.

Force-ghost Ben: “He will learn patience.”

Yoda: “Hmmm. Much anger in him, like his father.”

Force-ghost Ben: “Was I any different when you taught me?”

Yoda: “Hah. He is not ready.”

Luke: “Yoda! I am ready. I... Ben! I can be a Jedi. Ben, tell him I'm ready.”

אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם רַב־תְּבוּנָ֑ה וּקְצַר־ר֝֗וּחַ מֵרִ֥ים אִוֶּֽלֶת׃
Patience results in much understanding; Impatience gets folly as its portion.
אִ֣ישׁ חֵ֭מָה יְגָרֶ֣ה מָד֑וֹן וְאֶ֥רֶך אַ֝פַּ֗יִם יַשְׁקִ֥יט רִֽיב׃
A hot-tempered man provokes a quarrel; A patient man calms strife.

Anger

Yoda: "Run! Yes. A Jedi's strength flows from the Force. But beware of the dark side. Anger... fear... aggression. The dark side of the Force are they. Easily they flow, quick to join you in a fight. If once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny, consume you it will, as it did Obi-Wan's apprentice."

Luke: "Vader. Is the dark side stronger?"

Yoda: "No... no... no. Quicker, easier, more seductive."

Luke: "But how am I to know the good side from the bad?"

Yoda: "You will know. When you are calm, at peace. Passive. A Jedi uses the Force for knowledge and defense, never for attack."

אמר רבה בר רב הונא כל הכועס אפילו שכינה אינה חשובה כנגדו שנאמר רשע כגובה אפו בל ידרוש אין אלהים כל מזמותיו

רבי ירמיה מדיפתי אמר משכח תלמודו ומוסיף טיפשות שנאמר כי כעס בחיק כסילים ינוח וכתיב וכסיל יפרוש אולת

רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר בידוע שעוונותיו מרובין מזכיותיו שנאמר ובעל חימה רב פשע

Rabba bar Rav Huna said: "Anyone who gets angry, at that moment even the Divine Presence is not important to him, as it is stated: 'The wicked, in the height of his anger says: He will not require; all his thoughts are: There is no God' (Psalms 10:4)."

Rabbi Yirmeya of Difti said: "Anyone who gets angry forgets his learning and increases foolishness, as it is stated: 'For anger rests in the bosom of fools' (Ecclesiastes 7:9), and it is written: 'But a fool unfolds folly' (Proverbs 13:16)."

Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: "With regard to one who gets angry, it is acknowledged that his sins are more numerous than his merits, as it is stated: 'And a wrathful man abounds in transgression' (Proverbs 29:22)."

ריש לקיש אמר כל אדם שכועס אם חכם הוא חכמתו מסתלקת ממנו אם נביא הוא נבואתו מסתלקת ממנו

Reish Lakish said: "Any person who becomes angry, if he is a Torah scholar, his wisdom departs from him, and if he is a prophet, his prophecy departs from him. "

תניא רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר משום חילפא בר אגרא שאמר משום רבי יוחנן בן נורי המקרע בגדיו בחמתו והמשבר כליו בחמתו והמפזר מעותיו בחמתו יהא בעיניך כעובד עבודה זרה שכך אומנתו של יצר הרע היום אומר לו עשה כך ולמחר אומר לו עשה כך עד שאומר לו עבוד עבודה זרה והולך ועובד

It was taught in a baraita: Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says from the name of Ḥilfa bar Agra, who said from the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri: "One who rends his garments in his anger, or who breaks his vessels in his anger, or who scatters his money in his anger, should be like an idol worshipper in your eyes, as that is the craft of the evil inclination. Today it tells him do this, and tomorrow it tells him do that, until eventually, when he no longer controls himself, it tells him worship idols and he goes and worships idols."

אמר רבי מני בר פטיש כל שכועס אפילו פוסקין עליו גדולה מן השמים מורידין אותו

Rabbi Mani bar Patish said: "Whoever becomes angry, even if greatness has been apportioned to him from heaven, he is lowered from his greatness."

Seeing the future/elsewhere

Yoda: "Concentrate... feel the Force flow. Yes. Good. Calm, yes. Through the Force, things you will see. Other places. The future... the past. Old friends long gone."

Good Things

Lando Calrissian: "You know, that ship saved my life quite a few times. She's the fastest hunk of junk in the galaxy."

שְׁלֹשָׁה מַרְחִיבִין דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, אֵלּוּ הֵן: דִּירָה נָאָה, וְאִשָּׁה נָאָה, וְכֵלִים נָאִים.

Three matters give a person comfort, and they are: A beautiful abode, a beautiful wife, and beautiful vessels.

Training/Study vs. Action

Yoda: "Luke! You must complete the training."

Luke: "I can't keep the vision out of my head. They're my friends. I've got to help them."

Yoda: "You must not go!"

Luke: "But Han and Leia will die if I don't."

וכבר היה רבי טרפון וזקנים מסובין בעלית בית נתזה בלוד נשאלה שאילה זו בפניהם תלמוד גדול או מעשה גדול

נענה רבי טרפון ואמר מעשה גדול

נענה ר"ע ואמר תלמוד גדול

נענו כולם ואמרו תלמוד גדול שהתלמוד מביא לידי מעשה

And there already was an incident in which Rabbi Tarfon and the elders were reclining in the loft of the house of Nit’za in Lod, when this question was asked of them: Is study greater or is action greater?
Rabbi Tarfon answered and said: "Action is greater."

Rabbi Akiva answered and said: "Study is greater."

Everyone answered and said: "Study is greater, but not as an independent value; rather, it is greater as study leads to action."

Honoring Parents

Darth Vader: "There is no escape. Don't make me destroy you. You do not yet realize your importance. You have only begun to discover your power. Join me and I will complete your training. With our combined strength, we can end this destructive conflict and bring order to the galaxy."

Luke: "I'll never join you!"

Darth Vader: "If you only knew the power of the dark side. Obi-Wan never told you what happened to your father."

Luke: "He told me enough! It was you who killed him."

Darth Vader: "No. I am your father."

כַּבֵּ֥ד אֶת־אָבִ֖יךָ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֑ךָ לְמַ֙עַן֙ יַאֲרִכ֣וּן יָמֶ֔יךָ עַ֚ל הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ׃ (ס)
Honor your father and your mother, that you may long endure on the land that the LORD your God is assigning to you.

דתניא יכול יהא כבוד אב ואם דוחה שבת ת"ל איש אמו ואביו תיראו ואת שבתותי תשמורו (ויקרא יט, ג) כולכם חייבין בכבודי

As it is taught: One might have thought that honoring one’s father and mother overrides Shabbat; you are to learn to say: “You shall fear every man his mother and his father and you shall keep My Shabbatot, I am the Lord your God” (Leviticus 19:3) - all of you, both parent and child, are obligated in My honor.

Deathmark?

Han Solo: “Well, there's a price on my head. If I don't pay off Jabba the Hutt, I'm a dead man.”

General Rieekan: “A death mark's not an easy thing to live with. You're a good fighter, Solo. I hate to lose you.”

Han Solo: “Thank you, General.”

???

Yoda: "Adventure. Heh! Excitement. Heh! A Jedi craves not these things. You are reckless!"