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מיום שברא הקב"ה את עולמו לא היה אדם שהודה להקב"ה עד שבאתה לאה והודתו שנאמר (בראשית כט, לה) הפעם אודה את ה':
From the day that the Holy One, blessed be He, created the Universe, nobody praised Him until Leah came and praised Him ; as it is said, "This time will I praise the Lord" (Gen. xxix. 35).
חנה דכתיב (שמואל א ב, א) ותתפלל חנה ותאמר עלץ לבי בה' רמה קרני בה' רמה קרני ולא רמה פכי
“Hannah”, as it is written, “And Hannah prayed and said, My heart exults in the Lord, my horn is exalted in the Lord” (I Samuel 2:1): “My horn is exalted”, and not, “my cruse is exalted.”
היינו דכתיב (שמות ב, ד) ותתצב אחותו מרחוק לדעה לדעת מה יהא בסוף נבואתה
That is why it is written, “And his sister stood afar off to know”; to know, [that is,] what would be with the latter part of her prophecy.
דבורה דכתיב (שופטים ד, ד) ודבורה אשה נביאה אשת לפידות
“Devorah,” as it is written, “Now Devorah a prophetess, a woman of flames” (Judges 4:4).

(כ) וַתִּקַּח֩ מִרְיָ֨ם הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֲח֧וֹת אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַתֹּ֖ף בְּיָדָ֑הּ וַתֵּצֶ֤אןָ כָֽל־הַנָּשִׁים֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יהָ בְּתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃

(20) And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.

(כא) וַתַּ֥עַן לָהֶ֖ם מִרְיָ֑ם שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃ (ס)
(21) And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: The horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
(ד) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה פִּתְאֹ֗ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־מִרְיָ֔ם צְא֥וּ שְׁלָשְׁתְּכֶ֖ם אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שְׁלָשְׁתָּֽם׃
(4) And the LORD spoke suddenly unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and unto Miriam: ‘Come out ye three unto the tent of meeting.’ And they three came out.
(טו) וַתִּסָּגֵ֥ר מִרְיָ֛ם מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א נָסַ֔ע עַד־הֵאָסֵ֖ף מִרְיָֽם׃
(15) And Miriam was shut up without the camp seven days; and the people journeyed not till Miriam was brought in again.
(ט) זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְמִרְיָ֑ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (ס)
(9) Remember what the LORD thy God did unto Miriam, by the way as ye came forth out of Egypt.
(ב) וּלְפוּם דְבִזְכוּתָא דְמִרְיָם אִתְיְהִיבַת בֵּירָא כַּד שְׁכִיבַת אִתְגְנִיזַת בֵּירָא וְלָא הֲוָה מוֹי לִכְנִישְׁתָּא וְאִתְכְּנִישׁוּ עַל משֶׁה וְעַל אַהֲרן
(2) And as on account of the innocency of Miriam a well had been given, so when she died the well was hidden, and the congregation had no water. And they gathered against Mosheh and Aharon,

(ט) וכן לענין הטובה, מרים המתינה למשה שעה אחת, שנאמר (שמות ב) ותתצב אחתו מרחק, לפיכך נתעכבו לה ישראל שבעה ימים במדבר, שנאמר (במדבר יב) והעם לא נסע עד האסף מרים.יוסף זכה לקבור את אביו ואין באחיו גדול ממנו, שנאמר (בראשית נ) ויעל יוסף לקבר את אביו... ויעל עמו גם רכב גם פרשים.מי לנו גדול מיוסף , שלא נתעסק בו אלא משה.משה זכה בעצמות יוסף ואין בישראל גדול ממנו, שנאמר (שמות יג) ויקח משה את עצמות יוסף עמו.מי גדול ממשה שלא נתעסק בו אלא המקום, שנאמר (דברים לד) ויקבר אתו בגי.ולא על משה בלבד אמרו, אלא על כל הצדיקים , שנאמר (ישעיה נח) והלך לפניך צדקך כבוד יי יאספך.

(9) And so it is for good things; Miriam waited for Moses for one week, as it says, "and his sister stood by him from far away" (Exodus 2:4), therefore the Jewish people waited for her for a week in the desert, as it says, "and the nation did not travel until Miriam was gathered with them" (Numbers 12:15). Joseph merited burying his father, and none of his brothers were greater than he, as it says, "and Joseph went up (to Israel) to bury his father...and chariots and cavalry went up with him" (Genesis 50:7, Genesis 50:9). Who among us was greater than Joseph, that only Moses was permitted to attend to him? Moses merited [carrying] Joseph's bones [to Israel], and none of Israel is greater than him, as it says, "and Moses took the bones of Joseph with him" (Exodus 13:19). Who among us was greater than Moses, that only God merited dealing with him, as it says, "and He buried him in the valley"(Deuteronomy 34:6). And not only was this said of Moses, but of all righteous people, as it says, "and your righteousness shall go before you, and the glory of God shall gather you up" (Isaiah 58:8).

שלשה פרנסים טובים עמדו לישראל אלו הן משה ואהרן ומרים וג' מתנות טובות ניתנו על ידם ואלו הן באר וענן ומן באר בזכות מרים עמוד ענן בזכות אהרן מן בזכות משה
Three good leaders stood for Israel and these are them Moses, Aaron and Miriam. And three good gifts were given into their hands and these are them Well and cloud and manna the well because of the merit of Miriam, the pillar of cloud because of the merit of Aaron and the manna because of the merit of Moses.
מתה מרים נסתלק הבאר שנאמר (במדבר כ, א) ותמת שם מרים וכתיב בתריה ולא היה מים לעדה וחזרה בזכות שניהן
Miriam died and the well disappeared, as it is said (Numbers 20:1) "And Miriam died there." And it is written afterward and there was no water for the community and it returned because of the merit of both of them.
שבע נביאות מאן נינהו שרה מרים דבורה חנה אביגיל חולדה ואסתר שרה דכתיב (בראשית יא, כט) אבי מלכה ואבי יסכה ואמר ר' יצחק יסכה זו שרה ולמה נקרא שמה יסכה שסכתה ברוח הקדש שנאמר (בראשית כא, יב) כל אשר תאמר אליך שרה שמע בקולה ד"א יסכה שהכל סוכין ביופיה מרים דכתיב (שמות טו, כ) ותקח מרים הנביאה אחות אהרן ולא אחות משה אמר ר"נ אמר רב שהיתה מתנבאה כשהיא אחות אהרן ואומרת עתידה אמי שתלד בן שיושיע את ישראל ובשעה שנולד נתמלא כל הבית כולו אורה עמד אביה ונשקה על ראשה אמר לה בתי נתקיימה נבואתיך וכיון שהשליכוהו ליאור עמד אביה וטפחה על ראשה ואמר לה בתי היכן נבואתיך היינו דכתיב (שמות ב, ד) ותתצב אחותו מרחוק לדעה לדעת מה יהא בסוף נבואתה
“Seven prophetesses”. Who were these? — Sarah, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Abigail, Hulda and Esther. Sarah”, as it is written, “The father of Milkah and the father of Yiscah” (Genesis 11:29) and R. Isaac said [on this]. Yiscah is Sarah; and why was she called Yiscah? Because she saw visions [sakhtah] by means of the holy spirit, as it is said, “In all that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice” (Genesis 21:12). Another explanation is: because all gazed [sakhin] at her beauty. “Miriam”, as it is written, “And Miriam the prophetess the sister of Aaron” (Exodus 15:20). Was she only the sister of Aaron and not the sister of Moses? R. Nahman said in the name of Rav: For she prophesied when she was the sister of Aaron [only] and said, My mother is destined to bear a son who will save Israel. When he was born the whole house was filled with light, and her father arose and kissed her on the head, saying, My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled. But when they threw him into the river her father arose and tapped her on the head, saying, Daughter, where is your prophecy? That is why it is written, “And his sister stood afar off to know”; to know, [that is,] what would be with the latter part of her prophecy.
אמרי בי רב משמיה דרב חולדה קרובת ירמיה היתה ולא הוה מקפיד עליה ויאשיה גופיה היכי שביק ירמיה ומשדר לגבה אמרי דבי רבי שילא מפני שהנשים רחמניות הן
It was said in the school of Rav in the name of Rav: Hulda was a near relative of Jeremiah, and he did not object to her doing so. But how could Josiah himself pass over Jeremiah and send to her? The members of the school of R. Shila said: Because women are more merciful.
וכיון שנולד משה נתמלא כל הבית כולה אור עמד אביה ונשקה על ראשה אמר לה בתי נתקיימה נבואתיך וכיון שהטילוהו ליאור עמד אביה וטפחה על ראשה אמר לה
And when Moses was born, the whole house filled with light. Her father stood up and kissed her on her head, and said: My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled! But when they threw him into the Nile, her father stood up and hit her on her head, and said:
ואומרת עתידה אמי שתלד בן שמושיע את ישראל
And she (Miriam) says: My mother, in the future you are destined to give birth to a son who will save Israel!

(כב) ותתצב אחותו מרחוק - למה עמדה מרים מרחוק? אמר רבי עמרם בשם רב: לפי שהיתה מרים מתנבאת ואומרת: עתידה אמי, שתלד בן שיושיע את ישראל, כיון שנולד משה, נתמלא כל הבית אורה, עמד אביה ונשקה על ראשה. אמר לה: בתי! נתקימה נבואתך, הינו דכתיב (שמות טו, כ): ותקח מרים הנביאה, אחות אהרן את התף, אחות אהרן ולא אחות משה?! אלא שאמרה נבואה זו, כשהיא אחות אהרן ועדין לא נולד משה, וכיון שהטילוהו ליאור, עמדה אמה וטפחה לה על ראשה. אמרה לה: בתי! והיכן נבואתך?! והינו דכתיב: ותתצב אחותו מרחוק וגו', לדעת מה יהא בסוף נביאותה. ורבנן אמרין: כל הפסוק הזה על שם רוח הקודש נאמר. ותתצב על שם (ש"א ג, י): ויבא ה' ויתיצב. אחותו על שם (משלי ז, ד): אמור לחכמה אחותי את. מרחוק על שם (ירמיה לא, ב): מרחוק ה' נראה לי. לדעת מה יעשה לו על שם (ש"א ב, ג): כי אל דעות ה' (וכל הענין):

(22) And his sister stood from afar... - Why did Miriam stand from afar? Rabbi Amram said in the name of Rav: Because Miriam prophesied and said "In the future, Mother will give birth to a child that will be the savior of the Jewish people." When Moshe was born, the entire house was filled with light. [Miriam's] father arose and kissed her on the head. He [Amram] said to her [Miriam]: "My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled". That is what is said (Exodus 15:20) "And Miriam the Prophetess, the brother of Aharon, took the tambourine..." Was she only the brother of Aharon and not the brother of Moshe? Rather, she had stated that prophecy while she was the sister of Aharon and not (yet) the sister of Moshe. When they put him (Moshe) in the river, her mother arose and hit her on the head and said to her daughter: "My daughter, where is your prophecy!?" And this is why the verse says "And his sister stood by from afar", for she wanted to know what would be the results of her prophecy. And the Rabbis say the entire verse was said with the Divine Spirit. "And she stood" similar to (Samuel I 3:10) "And G-D came and stood". "His Sister" similar to (Proverbs 7:4) "Say to wisdom, she is your sister". "From afar" similar to (Jeremiah 31:2) "From afar G-D is seen to me". "To know what will happen to him" similar to (Samuel I 2:3) "For G-D is all knowing".

"And his sister stood back" - Why did Miriam stand back? Rabbi Amram said in the name of Rav: "Because Miriam had prophesied: 'In the future, my mother will give birth to a son who will save Israel'. When Moses was born, the whole house was filled with light; her father rose and kissed her on the head. He said to her: 'My daughter! Your prophecy has come to pass' - as it is written [Exodus 15:20]: 'And Miriam the prophetess, sister of Aaron, took up the timbrel.' [Why was she called] 'Sister of Aaron,' and not 'sister of Moses'?! Because when she issued her prophecy, she was [only] the sister of Aaron - Moses had not been born yet. When she cast him into the Nile, her mother rose and struck her on the head. She said: 'My daughter! What has become of your prophecy?!' This is why it is written 'his sister stood back etc.': in order to know would become of her prophecy. And our rabbis taught: This entire verse speaks [not of Miriam, but] of the Holy Spirit. 'And she stood...' refers to 'The LORD came and stood...' [I Samuel 3:10]; '[His] sister' refers to 'Say to Wisdom: "You are my sister"' [Proberbs 7:4]. 'Back' refers to 'The Lord appeared to me from far back' [Jeremiah 31:3]. 'In order to know what would happen to him' refers to 'For the LORD is a God of knowledge.' [I Samuel 2:3]".

(ב) דבר אחר: אז ישיר משה, הדא הוא דכתיב (תהלים קו, יב): ויאמינו בדבריו ישירו תהלתו. אמר רבי אבהו: אף על פי שכתוב כבר שהאמינו, עד שהיו במצרים, שנאמר (שמות ד, לא): ויאמן העם, חזרו ולא האמינו, שנאמר (תהלים שם, ז): אבותינו במצרים לא השכילו נפלאותיך. כיון שבאו על הים וראו גבורתו של הקדוש ברוך הוא, היאך עושה משפט ברשעים, כמה דתימא (דברים לב, מא): ותאחז במשפט ידי, ושקע את מצרים בים. מיד (שמות יד, לא): ויאמינו בה' ובזכות האמנה, שרתה עליהם רוח הקודש ואמרו שירה, הדא הוא דכתיב: אז ישיר משה ובני ישראל, ואין אז אלא לשון אמנה, שנאמר (בראשית לט, ה): ויהי מאז הפקיד אותו בביתו. וכתיב (שם שם, ד): וכל יש לו נתן בידו. הוי, ויאמינו בדבריו ישירו תהלתו:

(2) ...Another interpretation: "And then [az] Moses sang" (Ex. 15:1). As it says: "Her mouth opened in wisdom and the law of kindness is on her tongue" (Proverbs 31:26). From the day that the Holy Blessed One created the world until the Israelites stood on the Sea, we do not find any human offer a song to the Holy Blessed One except Israel. God created Adam, and he did not offer a song; God saved Abraham from the fiery furnace and the kings, and he did not offer a song; and Isaac from the knife and he did not offer a song; and Jacob from the angel and from Esau and from the people of Shechem and he did not offer a song; when the Israelites came to the Sea, and it split for them, they immediately sang a song before the Holy Blessed One, as it says "And then Moses and the Israelites sang" which is "Her mouth opened in wisdom." The Holy Blessed One said: for these I have been waiting. And there is not 'az' [then] except happiness, as it says: "Then was our mouth filled with laughter" (Psalms 126:2). Rabbi Yehuda son of Pazi said: What did the Israelites see to sing a song with an 'az'? Rather they said: originally the Sea was dry land, and the generation of Enoch arose and angered God with an 'az', as it says: "Then men began to call upon the name of God" (Gen. 4:26). And the Holy Blessed One made it a see, and plundered them, as it says: "That calls for the waters of the sea, And pours them out upon the face of the earth" (Amos 5:8, 9:6), and then it was a sea and became dry land for us, as it says: "And the Israelites walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea" (Ex. 14:29), we will praise God with an 'az' for God switched the sea to dry land, this is "Then [az] Moses and the Israelites sang," and there is no 'az' except the meaning of trust, as it says: "Then [az] you shall walk in your way securely" (Proverbs 3:23).

(טז) וַתֹּ֤אמֶר רוּת֙ אַל־תִּפְגְּעִי־בִ֔י לְעָזְבֵ֖ךְ לָשׁ֣וּב מֵאַחֲרָ֑יִךְ כִּ֠י אֶל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּלְכִ֜י אֵלֵ֗ךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּלִ֙ינִי֙ אָלִ֔ין עַמֵּ֣ךְ עַמִּ֔י וֵאלֹהַ֖יִךְ אֱלֹהָֽי׃ (יז) בַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר תָּמ֙וּתִי֙ אָמ֔וּת וְשָׁ֖ם אֶקָּבֵ֑ר כֹּה֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה יְהוָ֥ה לִי֙ וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֔יף כִּ֣י הַמָּ֔וֶת יַפְרִ֖יד בֵּינִ֥י וּבֵינֵֽךְ׃
(16) And Ruth said: ‘Entreat me not to leave thee, and to return from following after thee; for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God; (17) where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried; the LORD do so to me,and more also, if aught but death part thee and me.’
(ב) וַתֹּאמֶר֩ ר֨וּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֗י אֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֤א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַאֲלַקֳטָּ֣ה בַשִׁבֳּלִ֔ים אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ לְכִ֥י בִתִּֽי׃
(2) And Ruth the Moabitess said unto Naomi: ‘Let me now go to the field, and glean among the ears of corn after him in whose sight I shall find favour.’ And she said unto her: ‘Go, my daughter.’
(יא) וַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֙עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֜ד לִ֗י כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ אַחֲרֵ֖י מ֣וֹת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י אָּבִ֣יךְ וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ וְאֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדַ֖עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃
(11) And Boaz answered and said unto her: ‘It hath fully been told me, all that thou hast done unto thy mother-in-law since the death of thy husband; and how thou hast left thy father and thy mother, and the land of thy nativity, and art come unto a people that thou knewest not heretofore.
(כ) וַתֹּ֨אמֶר נָעֳמִ֜י לְכַלָּתָ֗הּ בָּר֥וּךְ הוּא֙ לַיהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹא־עָזַ֣ב חַסְדּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַמֵּתִ֑ים וַתֹּ֧אמֶר לָ֣הּ נָעֳמִ֗י קָר֥וֹב לָ֙נוּ֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ מִֽגֹּאֲלֵ֖נוּ הֽוּא׃
(20) And Naomi said unto her daughter-in-law: ‘Blessed be he of the LORD, who hath not left off His kindness to the living and to the dead.’ And Naomi said unto her: ‘The man is nigh of kin unto us, one of our near kinsmen.’
(יא) וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃
(11) And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: ‘We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem;

(יט) ואלה תולדות פרץ . לפי שייחס את דוד על שמה של רות המואביה חזר ויחסו על שם יהודה : חסלת מגלת רות :

(ז) וַיְהִ֨י אֹמֵ֜ן אֶת־הֲדַסָּ֗ה הִ֤יא אֶסְתֵּר֙ בַּת־דֹּד֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין לָ֖הּ אָ֣ב וָאֵ֑ם וְהַנַּעֲרָ֤ה יְפַת־תֹּ֙אַר֙ וְטוֹבַ֣ת מַרְאֶ֔ה וּבְמ֤וֹת אָבִ֙יהָ֙ וְאִמָּ֔הּ לְקָחָ֧הּ מָרְדֳּכַ֛י ל֖וֹ לְבַֽת׃
(7) And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle’s daughter; for she had neither father nor mother, and the maiden was of beautiful form and fair to look on; and when her father and mother were dead, Mordecai took her for his own daughter.
ומה ברוריה דביתהו דר"מ ברתיה דר"ח בן תרדיון דתניא תלת מאה שמעתתא ביומא מג' מאה רבוותא ואפ"ה לא יצתה ידי חובתה בתלת שנין ואת אמרת בתלתא ירחי
(יג) וְחַנָּ֗ה הִ֚יא מְדַבֶּ֣רֶת עַל־לִבָּ֔הּ רַ֚ק שְׂפָתֶ֣יהָ נָּע֔וֹת וְקוֹלָ֖הּ לֹ֣א יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ וַיַּחְשְׁבֶ֥הָ עֵלִ֖י לְשִׁכֹּרָֽה׃
(13) Now Hannah, she spoke in her heart; only her lips moved, but her voice could not be heard; therefore, Eli thought she had been drunken.
(שמואל א א, יג) וחנה היא מדברת על לבה מכאן למתפלל צריך שיכוין לבו
"Now Hannah, she spake in her heart" (I Sam. i. 13) — hence it is deduced that one who prays must direct his heart.
(יד) וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ חִלְקִיָּ֣הוּ הַ֠כֹּהֵן וַאֲחִיקָ֨ם וְעַכְבּ֜וֹר וְשָׁפָ֣ן וַעֲשָׂיָ֗ה אֶל־חֻלְדָּ֨ה הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ שַׁלֻּ֣ם בֶּן־תִּקְוָ֗ה בֶּן־חַרְחַס֙ שֹׁמֵ֣ר הַבְּגָדִ֔ים וְהִ֛יא יֹשֶׁ֥בֶת בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וַֽיְדַבְּר֖וּ אֵלֶֽיהָ׃
(14) So Hilkiah the priest, and Ahikam, and Achbor, and Shaphan, and Asaiah, went unto Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shallum the son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe—now she dwelt in Jerusalem in the second quarter—and they spoke with her.
ויאשיה גופיה היכי שביק ירמיה ומשדר לגבה אמרי דבי רבי שילא מפני שהנשים רחמניות הן
But how could Josiah himself pass over Jeremiah and send to her? The members of the school of R. Shila said: Because women are more merciful.
אסתר דכתיב (אסתר ה, א) ויהי ביום השלישי ותלבש אסתר מלכות בגדי מלכות מיבעי ליה אלא שלבשתה רוח הקדש
“Esther,” as it is written, “Now it came to pass on the third day that Esther clothed herself in royalty” (Esther 5:1). Surely it should say, “royal clothing”? What it shows is that she clothed herself in the Holy Spirit.
כדי שלא יאמרו ישראל אחות יש לנו בבית המלך ויסיחו דעתן מן הרחמים
So that Israel should not say, We have a sister in the palace, and so should neglect [to pray for] mercy.
מבית אביה למדה שנאמר (משלי כה, כא) אם רעב שונאך האכילהו לחם וגו' ר"מ אומר
She learned to do so from her father’s house, as it says. “If your enemy be hungry give him bread to eat” (Proverbs 25:21-22). R. Meir said:
בתחלה על ידי תורגמן כיון דאמרה ליה מדבית שאול קאתינא מיד ויאמר לאסתר המלכה:
He first spoke to her through an intermediary. When she told him that she came from the house of Saul, he immediately,”said to Esther the queen.”
(יט) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲבָל֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִשְׁתְּךָ֗ יֹלֶ֤דֶת לְךָ֙ בֵּ֔ן וְקָרָ֥אתָ אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יִצְחָ֑ק וַהֲקִמֹתִ֨י אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֥י אִתּ֛וֹ לִבְרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם לְזַרְע֥וֹ אַחֲרָֽיו׃
(19) And God said: ‘‘Nay, but Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son; and thou shalt call his name Isaac; and I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his seed after him.
(א) וַֽיהוָ֛ה פָּקַ֥ד אֶת־שָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמָ֑ר וַיַּ֧עַשׂ יְהוָ֛ה לְשָׂרָ֖ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר׃
(1) And the LORD remembered Sarah as He had said, and the LORD did unto Sarah as He had spoken.

(יב) שמע בקולה לָמַדְנוּ, שֶׁהָיָה אַבְרָהָם טָפַל לְשָׂרָה בִּנְבִיאוּת:

(12) שמע בקולה HEARKEN UNTO HER VOICE — we may infer that Abraham was inferior to Sarah in respect of prophecy (ib.).

(יד) הֲיִפָּלֵ֥א מֵיְהוָ֖ה דָּבָ֑ר לַמּוֹעֵ֞ד אָשׁ֥וּב אֵלֶ֛יךָ כָּעֵ֥ת חַיָּ֖ה וּלְשָׂרָ֥ה בֵֽן׃
(14) Is any thing too hard for the LORD. At the set time I will return unto thee, when the season cometh round, and Sarah shall have a son.’
(סז) וַיְבִאֶ֣הָ יִצְחָ֗ק הָאֹ֙הֱלָה֙ שָׂרָ֣ה אִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּקַּ֧ח אֶת־רִבְקָ֛ה וַתְּהִי־ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֖ה וַיֶּאֱהָבֶ֑הָ וַיִּנָּחֵ֥ם יִצְחָ֖ק אַחֲרֵ֥י אִמּֽוֹ׃ (פ)
(67) And Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah’s tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife; and he loved her. And Isaac was comforted for his mother.
(לא) וַיַּ֤רְא יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־שְׂנוּאָ֣ה לֵאָ֔ה וַיִּפְתַּ֖ח אֶת־רַחְמָ֑הּ וְרָחֵ֖ל עֲקָרָֽה׃
(31) And the LORD saw that Leah was hated, and he opened her womb; but Rachel was barren.
(לב) וַתַּ֤הַר לֵאָה֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֔ן וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ רְאוּבֵ֑ן כִּ֣י אָֽמְרָ֗ה כִּֽי־רָאָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ בְּעָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י עַתָּ֖ה יֶאֱהָבַ֥נִי אִישִֽׁי׃
(32) And Leah conceived, and bore a son, and she called his name Reuben; for she said: ‘Because the LORD hath looked upon my affliction; for now my husband will love me.’
(לג) וַתַּ֣הַר עוֹד֮ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּן֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־שְׂנוּאָ֣ה אָנֹ֔כִי וַיִּתֶּן־לִ֖י גַּם־אֶת־זֶ֑ה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃
(33) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and said: ‘Because the LORD hath heard that I am hated, He hath therefore given me this son also.’ And she called his name Simeon.
(לג) וַתַּ֣הַר עוֹד֮ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּן֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ כִּֽי־שְׂנוּאָ֣ה אָנֹ֔כִי וַיִּתֶּן־לִ֖י גַּם־אֶת־זֶ֑ה וַתִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃
(33) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and said: ‘Because the LORD hath heard that I am hated, He hath therefore given me this son also.’ And she called his name Simeon.
(לד) וַתַּ֣הַר עוֹד֮ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּן֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר עַתָּ֤ה הַפַּ֙עַם֙ יִלָּוֶ֤ה אִישִׁי֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי ל֖וֹ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה בָנִ֑ים עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמ֖וֹ לֵוִֽי׃
(34) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and said: ‘Now this time will my husband be joined unto me, because I have borne him three sons.’ Therefore was his name called Levi.
(לה) וַתַּ֨הַר ע֜וֹד וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַפַּ֙עַם֙ אוֹדֶ֣ה אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרְאָ֥ה שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖ד מִלֶּֽדֶת׃
(35) And she conceived again, and bore a son; and she said: ‘This time will I praise the LORD.’ Therefore she called his name Judah; and she left off bearing.
(יא) וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לֵאָ֖ה בגד [בָּ֣א] [גָ֑ד] וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ גָּֽד׃
(11) And Leah said: ‘Fortune is come! ’ And she called his name Gad.
(יג) וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֔ה בְּאָשְׁרִ֕י כִּ֥י אִשְּׁר֖וּנִי בָּנ֑וֹת וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אָשֵֽׁר׃
(13) And Leah said: ‘Happy am I! for the daughters will call me happy.’ And she called his name Asher.
(יא) וַיֹּ֨אמְר֜וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֖ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֜ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל ׀ וּכְלֵאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֖ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃
(11) And all the people that were in the gate, and the elders, said: ‘We are witnesses. The LORD make the woman that is come into thy house like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the house of Israel; and do thou worthily in Ephrath, and be famous in Beth-lehem;
(ט) זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְמִרְיָ֑ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (ס)
(9) Remember what the LORD thy God did unto Miriam, by the way as ye came forth out of Egypt.

(סז) האהלה שרה אמו וַיְבִיאָהָ הָאֹהֱלָה וְנַעֲשֵית דּוּגְמַת שָׂרָה אִמוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר, וַהֲרֵי הִיא שָׂרָה אִמוֹ, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁשָּׂרָה קַיֶמֶת, הָיָה נֵר דָּלוּק מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת לְעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, וּבִרָכָה מְצוּיָּה בְּעִיסָּה, וְעָנָן קָשׁוּר עַל הָאֹהֶל וּמִשָׁמֵּתָה פָסְקוּ, וּכְשֶׁבָּאת רִבְקָה חָזָרוּ (בראשית רבה):

(67) האהלה שרה אמו INTO HIS MOTHER SARAH’S TENT — He brought her into the tent and she became exactly like his mother Sarah — that is to say, the words signify as much as, [And he brought her into the tent] and, behold, she was Sarah, his mother). For whilst Sarah was living, a light had been burning in the tent from one Sabbath eve to the next, there was always a blessing in the dough (a miraculous increase) and a cloud was always hanging over the tent (as a divine protection), but since her death all these had stopped. However, when Rebecca came, they reappeared” (ib.).

(יב) וּבֶן־שְׁמֹנַ֣ת יָמִ֗ים יִמּ֥וֹל לָכֶ֛ם כָּל־זָכָ֖ר לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶ֑ם יְלִ֣יד בָּ֔יִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מִכֹּ֣ל בֶּן־נֵכָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹ֥א מִֽזַּרְעֲךָ֖ הֽוּא׃ (יג) הִמּ֧וֹל ׀ יִמּ֛וֹל יְלִ֥יד בֵּֽיתְךָ֖ וּמִקְנַ֣ת כַּסְפֶּ֑ךָ וְהָיְתָ֧ה בְרִיתִ֛י בִּבְשַׂרְכֶ֖ם לִבְרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃ (יד) וְעָרֵ֣ל ׀ זָכָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִמּוֹל֙ אֶת־בְּשַׂ֣ר עָרְלָת֔וֹ וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵעַמֶּ֑יהָ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י הֵפַֽר׃ (ס) (טו) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם שָׂרַ֣י אִשְׁתְּךָ֔ לֹא־תִקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמָ֖הּ שָׂרָ֑י כִּ֥י שָׂרָ֖ה שְׁמָֽהּ׃ (טז) וּבֵרַכְתִּ֣י אֹתָ֔הּ וְגַ֨ם נָתַ֧תִּי מִמֶּ֛נָּה לְךָ֖ בֵּ֑ן וּבֵֽרַכְתִּ֙יהָ֙ וְהָֽיְתָ֣ה לְגוֹיִ֔ם מַלְכֵ֥י עַמִּ֖ים מִמֶּ֥נָּה יִהְיֽוּ׃
(12) And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he that is born in the house, or bought with money of any foreigner, that is not of thy seed. (13) He that is born in thy house, and he that is bought with thy money, must needs be circumcised; and My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. (14) And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken My covenant.’ (15) And God said unto Abraham: ‘As for Sarai thy wife, thou shalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be. (16) And I will bless her, and moreover I will give thee a son of her; yea, I will bless her, and she shall be a mother of nations; kings of peoples shall be of her.’

(סז) אחרי אמו דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאִמּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם קַיֶּמֶת, בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶצְלָהּ; וּמִשֶּׁמֵּתָה, הוּא מִתְנַחֵם בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ:

(67) אחרי אמו [AND ISAAC WAS COMFORTED] AFTER HIS MOTHER’S DEATH — It is natural that whilst a man’s mother is living he is wrapped up in her, but when she dies he finds comfort in his wife (P. d’.R. EliEzekiel 32).

(י) דבר אחר: פרי עץ הדר, זה אברהם שהדרו הקדוש ברוך הוא בשיבה טובה, שנאמר (בראשית כד): ואברהם זקן בא בימים, וכתיב (ויקרא יט): והדרת פני זקן. כפות תמרים, זה יצחק שהיה כפות ועקוד על גבי המזבח. וענף עץ עבות, זה יעקב. מה הדס זה, רחוש בעלין, כך היה יעקב רחוש בבנים. וערבי נחל, זה יוסף. מה ערבה זו, כמושה לפני ג' מינין הללו, כך מת יוסף לפני אחיו. דבר אחר: פרי עץ הדר, זו שרה שהידרה הקב"ה בשיבה טובה, שנאמר: (בראשית יח): ואברהם ושרה זקנים. כפות תמרים, זו רבקה. מה תמרה זו, יש בה אוכל ויש בה עוקצין, כך העמידה רבקה צדיק ורשע. וענף עץ עבות, זו לאה. מה הדס זה רחוש בעלין, כך היתה לאה רחושה בבנים. וערבי נחל, זו רחל. מה ערבה זו, כמושה לפני ג' המינין, כך רחל מתה לפני אחותה:

(10) Another explanation: "The fruit of a beautiful tree (ets hadar)" - this is [referring to] our father, Avraham, who the Holy One, blessed be He, graced (hider) with a good old age, as it is stated (Genesis 24:1), "And Avraham was old, had come along in days;" and it is written (Leviticus 19:32), "and you shall grace (hadarta) the old." "The branches (kappot) of a date palm" - this is [referring to] Yitschak, who was bound (kafut which is spelled with the same letters as kappot) and tied up on top of the altar. "And a branch of a braided tree (a myrtle)" - this is [referring to] Yakov. Just like this myrtle bustles with leaves, so too was Yakov bustling with children. "And brook willows" - this is [referring to] Yosef. Just like this willow gets withered before these three [other] species, so too did Yosef die before his brothers. Another explanation: "The fruit of a beautiful tree (ets hadar)" - this is [referring to] Sarah, who the Holy One, blessed be He, graced (hider) with a good old age, as it is stated (Genesis 18:11), "And Avraham and Sarah were old." "The branches of a date palm" - this is [referring to] Rivka. Just like this date palm, it has food and it has thorns, so too Rivkah brought up a righteous one and an evildoer. "And a branch of a braided tree (a myrtle)" - this is [referring to] Leah. Just like this myrtle bustles with leaves, so too was Leah bustling with children. "And brook willows" - this is [referring to] Rachel. Just like this willow gets withered before these three [other] species, so too did Rachel die before her sister.

(ב) עובדיה גדל בין ב' רשעים, בין אחאב ואיזבל - ולא עשה כמעשיהם, ונתנבא על עשו שגדל בין ב' צדיקים - בין יצחק לרבקה ולא עשה כמעשיהם; שנאמר עובדיה א חזון עובדיה כה אמר ה' אלהים לאדום: ולמשפחות מנשה בן יוסף - כשם שחיבב יוסף את ארץ ישראל כך חיבבו בנות צלפחד. ואלה בנות צלפחד מחלה נועה חגלה ומלכה ותרצה - או כל הקודם במקרא קודם במעשה? תלמוד לומר במדבר לו ותהיינה מחלה תרצה חגלה ומלכה ונועה בנות צלפחד:

(2) Likewise, (Ovadiah 1:1) "The vision of Ovadiah: Thus has said the L-rd G-d to Edom: We have heard a report, etc." Why did Ovadiah prophesy against Edom? To apprise us of the greatness of a tzaddik, who grew up in the lap of an evildoer but did not emulate his deeds, and how great the wickedness of an evildoer, who grew up between two righteous ones and did not emulate their deeds. Esav (Edom) grew up between two righteous ones, Isaac and Rivka, and did not emulate their deeds. Ovadiah grew up between two wicked ones, Achan and Izevel, and did not emulate their deeds. Let Ovadiah come, who grew up between two wicked ones and did not emulate their deeds, and prophecy against Esav, who grew up between two righteous ones, Isaac and Rivka, and did not emulate their deeds. Thus — "The vision of Ovadiah: Thus has said the L-rd G-d to Edom, etc." "of the families of Menasheh the son of Joseph." Just as Joseph held Eretz Yisrael dear (viz. Bereshit 50:25), so did the daughters of Tzelofchad. "And these are the names of his daughters: Machlah, Noah, Choglah, Milkah, and Tirtzah." __ But perhaps all who are first in Scripture are first in worth? It is, therefore, written (Bamidbar 36:11) "And Machlah, Tirtzah, Choglah, Milkah, and Noah, the daughters of Tzelofchad, etc." (the order being changed to teach us that they were all of equal worth.)

בשכר נשים צדקניות שהיו באותו הדור נגאלו ישראל ממצרים