×
Friend,    With Purim right around the corner, Sefaria is busy preparing for the “Purim bump” — the increase in users who visit Sefaria to celebrate the holiday. Last year, more than 100,000 people visited the library or used the app to connect with the holiday or read along with Megillat Esther. This year we’re expecting even more.    To help with our text and tech preparations ahead of this busy time, a generous Jewish foundation is matching all gifts to the library up to $36,000.    Please give today to help us meet your learning needs!     
Save "Bereshit I ~ what’s in that first line?"
Bereshit I ~ what’s in that first line?
בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹקִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

This is the most traditional way of translating.

~ What does "in the beginning" imply?

(א) בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹקִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
(1) When God began to create heaven and earth—

~ 1985, JPS.

~ What does this way of translating imply?

בראשית. אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק לֹֹֹֹֹא הָיָה צָרִיךְ לְהַתְחִיל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא מֵהַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה לָכֶם, שֶׁהִיא מִצְוָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ בָּהּ יִשׂרָאֵל, וּמַה טַּעַם פָּתַח בִּבְרֵאשִׁית? מִשׁוּם כֹּחַ מַעֲשָׂיו הִגִּיד לְעַמּוֹ לָתֵת לָהֶם נַחֲלַת גּוֹיִם (תהילים קי"א), שֶׁאִם יֹאמְרוּ אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם לְיִשְׁרָאֵל לִסְטִים אַתֶּם, שֶׁכְּבַשְׁתֶּם אַרְצוֹת שִׁבְעָה גוֹיִם, הֵם אוֹמְרִים לָהֶם כָּל הָאָרֶץ שֶׁל הַקָּבָּ"ה הִיא, הוּא בְרָאָהּ וּנְתָנָהּ לַאֲשֶׁר יָשַׁר בְּעֵינָיו, בִּרְצוֹנוֹ נְתָנָהּ לָהֶם, וּבִרְצוֹנוֹ נְטָלָהּ מֵהֶם וּנְתָנָהּ לָנוּ:
בראשית IN THE BEGINNING — Rabbi Isaac said: The Torah which is the Law book of Israel should have commenced with the verse (Exodus 12:2) “This month shall be unto you the first of the months” which is the first commandment given to Israel. What is the reason, then, that it commences with the account of the Creation? Because of the thought expressed in the text (Psalms 111:6) “He declared to His people the strength of His works (i.e. He gave an account of the work of Creation), in order that He might give them the heritage of the nations.” For should the peoples of the world say to Israel, “You are robbers, because you took by force the lands of the seven nations of Canaan”, Israel may reply to them, “All the earth belongs to the Holy One, blessed be He; He created it and gave it to whom He pleased. When He willed He gave it to them, and when He willed He took it from them and gave it to us” (Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 187).

~ This is famously the first Rashi (France, Troyes, 1040 – 1105).

~ Why do you think Rashi opted for opening his commentary with these words?

Hold on to your kippahs, it's going to get grammarly
רְאוּבֵן֙ בְּכֹ֣רִי אַ֔תָּה כֹּחִ֖י וְרֵאשִׁ֣ית אוֹנִ֑י יֶ֥תֶר שְׂאֵ֖ת וְיֶ֥תֶר עָֽז׃

Reuben, you are my first-born, My might and reshit of my vigor, exceeding in rank and exceeding in honor.

רֵאשִׁ֗ית בִּכּוּרֵי֙ אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ תָּבִ֕יא בֵּ֖ית ה' אֱלֹקֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃ (ס)

Reshit of first fruits of your soil you shall bring to the house of Ad-nai your God; you shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.

קֹ֤דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַה' רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאָתֹ֑ה כָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־ה'׃ (פ)

Israel was holy to Ad-nai, reshit of His harvest, all who eat of it will be held guilty; disaster will come to them — declares Ad-nai.

(א) בְּרֵאשִׁ֗ית מַמְלְכ֛וּת יְהוֹיָקִ֥ים בֶּן־יֹאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה הָיָה֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה מֵאֵ֥ת ה' לֵאמֹֽר׃

(1) Bereshit of the reign of King Jehoiakim son of Josiah of Judah, this word came from Ad-nai:

ה' קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז׃

Ad-nai acquired me at reshit of His way before His works of old.

רֵ֘אשִׁ֤ית חָכְמָ֨ה ׀ יִרְאַ֬ת ה' שֵׂ֣כֶל ט֭וֹב לְכָל־עֹשֵׂיהֶ֑ם תְּ֝הִלָּת֗וֹ עֹמֶ֥דֶת לָעַֽד׃

Reshit of wisdom is the fear of the LORD; all who practice it gain sound understanding; praise of Him is everlasting.

וַיַּ֤רְא רֵאשִׁית֙ ל֔וֹ כִּי־שָׁ֛ם חֶלְקַ֥ת מְחֹקֵ֖ק סָפ֑וּן וַיֵּתֵא֙ רָ֣אשֵׁי עָ֔ם צִדְקַ֤ת ה' עָשָׂ֔ה וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ס)

He [Gad] chose for himself reshit, for there is the portion of the revered chieftain, where the heads of the people come; he executed Ad-nai's judgments and His decisions for Israel.

(י) מַגִּ֤יד מֵֽרֵאשִׁית֙ אַחֲרִ֔ית וּמִקֶּ֖דֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא־נַעֲשׂ֑וּ אֹמֵר֙ עֲצָתִ֣י תָק֔וּם וְכָל־חֶפְצִ֖י אֶעֱשֶֽׂה׃

(10) I foretell mereshit the beginning, And from the start, things that had not occurred. I say: My plan shall be fulfilled; I will do all I have purposed.

~ it appears that reshit is always in a construct form, semichut, ie, dependent on the next word. That works well if the word is a noun - but not so much if it is a verb. A lot of the discussion regarding the word depends on understanding this.

בראשית ברא אֵין הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה אוֹמֵר אֶלָּא דָּרְשֵׁנִי, כְּמוֹ שֶׁדְּרָשׁוּהוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בִּשְׁבִיל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִקְרֵאת רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכּוֹ (משלי ח'), וּבִשְׁבִיל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִקְרְאוּ רֵאשִׁית תְּבוּאָתוֹ (ירמיה ב');

וְאִם בָּאתָ לְפָרְשׁוֹ כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ, כָּךְ פָּרְשֵׁהוּ בְּרֵאשִׁית בְּרִיאַת שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ, וְהָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ וְחֹשֶׁךְ וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי אוֹר וְלֹא בָא הַמִּקְרָא לְהוֹרוֹת סֵדֶר הַבְּרִיאָה לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵלּוּ קָדְמוּ, שֶׁאִם בָּא לְהוֹרוֹת כָּךְ, הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה בָּרָא אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְגוֹ' שֶׁאֵין לְךָ רֵאשִׁית בַּמִּקְרָא שֶׁאֵינוֹ דָבוּק לַתֵּבָה שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו, כְּמוֹ בְּרֵאשִׁית מַמְלֶכֶת יְהוֹיָקִים (שׁם כ"ז), רֵאשִׁית מַמְלַכְתּוֹ (בראשית י'), רֵאשִׁית דְּגָנְךָ (דבראשית י"ח), – אַף כָּאן אַתָּה אוֹמֵר בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים וְגוֹ', כְּמוֹ בְּרֵאשִׁית בְּרֹא; וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּר ה' בְּהוֹשֵׁעַ (הושע א'), כְּלוֹמַר תְּחִלַת דִּבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּבָּ"ה בְּהוֹשֵׁעַ, וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל הוֹשֵׁעַ וְגוֹ'.

וְאִ"תֹּ לְהוֹרוֹת בָּא שֶׁאֵלּוּ תְּחִלָּה נִבְרְאוּ, וּפֵרוּשׁוֹ בְּרֵאשִׁית הַכֹּל בָּרָא אֵלוּ – וְֵישׁ לְךָ מִקְרָאוֹת שֶׁמְּקַצְּרִים לְשׁוֹנָם וּמְמַעֲטִים תֵּבָה אַחַת, כְּמוֹ כִּי לֹא סָגַר דַּלְתֵי בִטְנִי (איוב ג'), וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ מִי הַסּוֹגֵר וּכְמוֹ יִשָּׂא אֶת חֵיל דַּמֶּשֶׂק (ישעיהו ח'), וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ מִי יִשָּׂאֶנּוּ; וּכְמוֹ אִם יַחֲרוֹשׁ בַּבְּקָרִים (עמוס ו'), וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ אִם יַחֲרוֹשׁ אָדָם בַּבְּקָרִים, וּכְמוֹ מַגִּיד מֵרֵאשִׁית אַחֲרִית (ישעיהו מ"ו), וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ מַגִּיד מֵרֵאשִׁית דָּבָר אַחֲרִית דָּבָר – אִ"כֵּ, תְּמַהּ עַל עַצְמְךָ, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַמַּיִם קָדְמוּ, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְתִיב וְרוּחַ אֱלֹקִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם, וְעַדַיִין לֹא גִלָּה הַמִּקְרָא, בְּרִיאַת הַמַּיִם מָתַי הָיְתָה, הָא לָמַדְתָּ, שֶׁקָּדְמוּ הַמַּיִם לָאָרֶץ, וְעוֹד, שֶׁהַשָּׁמַיִם מֵאֵשׁ וּמַיִם נִבְרְאוּ, עַל כָּרְחֲךָ לֹא לִמֵּד הַמִּקְרָא סֵדֶר הַמֻּקְדָמִים וְהַמְאֻחָרִים כְּלוּם:

בראשית ברא IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED — This verse calls aloud for explanation in the manner that our Rabbis explained it: God created the world for the sake of the Torah which is called (Proverbs 8:22) “The beginning (ראשית) of His (God’s) way”, and for the sake of Israel who are called (Jeremiah 2:3) “The beginning (ראשית) of His (God’s) increase’’.

If, however, you wish to explain it in its plain sense, explain it thus: At the beginning of the Creation of heaven and earth when the earth was without form and void and there was darkness, God said, “Let there be light”. The text does not intend to point out the order of the acts of Creation — to state that these (heaven and earth) were created first; for if it intended to point this out, it should have written 'בראשונה ברא את השמים וגו “At first God created etc.” And for this reason: Because, wherever the word ראשית occurs in Scripture, it is in the construct state. E. g., (Jeremiah 26:1) “In the beginning of (בראשית) the reign of Jehoiakim”; (Genesis 10:10) “The beginning of (ראשית) his kingdom”; (Deuteronomy 18:4) “The first fruit of (ראשית) your grain.” Similarly here you must translate בראשית ברא אלהים as though it read בראשית ברוא, at the beginning of God’s creating. A similar grammatical construction (of a noun in construct followed by a verb) is: (Hosea 1:2) תחלת דבר ה' בהושע, which is as much as to say, “At the beginning of God’s speaking through Hosea, the Lord said to Hosea.”

Should you, however, insist [im tomar always implies "you would be wrong"] that it does actually intend to point out that these (heaven and earth) were created first, and that the meaning is, “At the beginning of everything He created these, admitting therefore that the word בראשית is in the construct state and explaining the omission of a word signifying “everything” by saying that you have texts which are elliptical, omitting a word, as for example (Job 3:10) “Because it shut not up the doors of my mother’s womb” where it does not explicitly explain who it was that closed the womb; and (Isaiah 8:4) “He shall take away the spoil of Samaria” without explaining who shall take it away; and (Amos 6:12) “Does he plough with oxen," and it does not explicitly state, “Does a man plough with oxen”; (Isaiah 46:10) “Declaring from the beginning the end,” and it does not explicitly state, “Declaring from the beginning of a thing the end of a thing’ — if it is so (that you assert that this verse intends to point out that heaven and earth were created first), you should be astonished at yourself, because as a matter of fact the waters were created before heaven and earth, for, lo, it is written, (v. 2) “The Spirit of God was hovering on the face of the waters,” and Scripture had not yet disclosed when the creation of the waters took place — consequently you must learn from this that the creation of the waters preceded that of the earth. And a further proof that the heavens and earth were not the first thing created is that the heavens were created from fire (אש) and water (מים), from which it follows that fire and water were in existence before the heavens. Therefore you must needs admit that the text teaches nothing about the earlier or later sequence of the acts of Creation.

~ What is Rashi's first point, ie, midrash?

~ What is the main point about the Creation process in this Rashi?

~ Of the two translations, which one seems closer to what Rashi suggests?

(א) בראשית, איננו סמוך וכן מגיד מראשית אחרית (ישעיה מ"ו י') ופירש בתחלה ברא אלקים את השמים ואת הארץ, אחר כך תוצאותיהם, ואחר כך ספר כי בתחילת בריאת הארץ היתה תוהו ובוהו.

(1) בראשית ברא אלוקים את השמים ואת הארץ. The word Bereshit is not in dependent mode, i.e. “at the beginning of,” [as for instance in Jeremiah 26:1] but is a word in its own right as in Isaiah 46:10 מגיד מראשית אחרית, “foretelling the end from the beginning,” [or, as in Deuteronomy 33:21 וירא ראשית לו, “He chose the choicest for himself.”] In other words: when God began to create the universe, God first created heaven and earth, and then their outcomes, and after that it tells that at the very beginning of the creation of the earth it was unformed and empty.

~ How does Rabbi David Kimchi (Provence, 1160–1235) understand the first word?

~ What translation does he favor?

~ Does he agree with Rashi?

A pause to talk about God and the Creation
ברא אלקים וְלֹא נֶאֱמַר בָּרָא ה', שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה עָלָה בְמַחֲשָׁבָה לִבְרֹאתוֹ בְּמִדַּת הַדִּין, רָאָה שֶׁאֵין הָעוֹלָם מִתְקַיֵּם, הִקְדִּים מִדַּת רַחֲמִים וְשִׁתְּפָהּ לְמִהַ"דִּ, וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב בְּיוֹם עֲשׂוֹת ה' אֱלֹקִים אֶרֶץ וְשָׁמָיִם:

ברא אלהים GOD CREATED — It does not state 'ברא ה “Ad-nai (the Merciful One) created, because at first God intended to create it (the world) to be placed under the attribute (rule) of strict justice, but He realized that the world could not thus endure and therefore gave precedence to Divine Mercy allying it with Divine Justice. It is to this that what is written in (Genesis 2:4) alludes — “In the day that the Lord God made earth and heaven”.

(טו) ה' אֱלֹקִים, לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ כּוֹסוֹת רֵיקִים, אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ אִם אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָן חַמִּין, הֵם מִתְבַּקְּעִין. צוֹנֵן, הֵם מַקְרִיסִין, וּמֶה עָשָׂה הַמֶּלֶךְ עֵרַב חֲמִין בְּצוֹנֵן וְנָתַן בָּהֶם וְעָמָדוּ. כָּךְ אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אִם בּוֹרֵא אֲנִי אֶת הָעוֹלָם בְּמִדַּת הָרַחֲמִים, הֲוֵי חֶטְיָיה סַגִּיאִין. בְּמִדַּת הַדִּין, הָאֵיךְ הָעוֹלָם יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד. אֶלָּא הֲרֵי אֲנִי בּוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ בְּמִדַּת הַדִּין וּבְמִדַּת הָרַחֲמִים, וְהַלְּוַאי יַעֲמֹד.

Ad-nai God - To what is this like? A king who had empty glasses. The king said "if I put hot water in them, then they will expand and break, and if I put cold water in them, they will contract and shatter. What did the king do? He mixed hot water with the cold water and put them in the glasses. So too the Holy One of Blessing said: if I create the world with the attribute of compassion alone, no one would be concerned with the consequences of their actions. With the attribute of judgment alone, how could the world stand? Rather, behold I create it with both the attribute of judgment and the attribute of compassion, and hopefully it will stand.

~ What do the two names of God used in the Creation narrative imply?

בראשית ברא. בגימטריא בראש השנה נברא (העולם), בראשית נוטריקון בראשונה ראה אלקים שיקבלו ישראל תורה.

"Bereishit Bara": In numerical value, [the letters also equal] "On Rosh Hashanah the world was created." Bereshit is an acronym for At first, saw God that Israel would receive the Torah.

~ Just a pause for a surprising gematria.

Ba'al Haturim: Yaakov ben Asher; Cologne,1269 - Toledo,1343; the Arba'ah Turim is the first Jewish law code after Maimonides, its systematization of law is used by everyone after.

Back to Bereshit
בראשית בתחלת הזמן והוא רגע ראשון בלתי מתחלק שלא היה זמן קודם לו:

בראשית, at the beginning of time; this is the first moment which is indivisible into shorter periods. There had not been a concept “time” previous to this.

~ How does the Sforno understand our first word?

ברא עשה אינו ישנו ובזה לא יפול זמן כלל:

ברא, He made “nothing” into “something.” And in this there passed no “time”.

את השמים הנה מלת שם תורה על מקום רחוק וכל סימן הרבים עם קדימת פתח מלעיל יורה על שנים שוים. ובכן מלת שמים תורה על עצם רחוק ביחס אלינו בשני מרחקים שוים מכל צד. וזה לא יקרה זולתי בגלגל סובב בתכלית העגול אמר אם כן שברא אותו העצם אשר הוא עתה רחוק ממנו מכל צד בשני מרחקים שוים והוא הגלגל. ולכן לא אמר ברא שמים כי לא יאמר כן מצד עצמו אלא ביחסו אל מקומנו:

את השמים, the word שם refers to a place which is distant (as opposed to the word פה, which means “here.”) Every plural mode when accompanied by an accented penultimate syllable signals 2 of something which are equidistant. This is something which is not possible, i.e that two points are equidistant from the center unless they are part of an orbiting spherical planet. The Torah therefore says that God created the phenomenon which is far distant from us in such a way that all its sides are equidistant from us, in other words the phenomenon is a planet, something spherical. And this is why it does not say "created heaven" because it is not about that creation in itself, but about the orbit of the planet.

ואמר ואת הארץ המרכז הראוי לגלגל:

ואת הארץ, - the center which is orbited by the planet.

~ What ideas the Sforno (Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno, Italy c.1475-1550) wants you to have regarding creation? Check the dates for Copernicus's discoveries.

רַבִּי יוֹנָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר, לָמָּה נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם בְּב', אֶלָּא מַה ב' זֶה סָתוּם מִכָּל צְדָדָיו וּפָתוּחַ מִלְּפָנָיו, כָּךְ אֵין לְךָ רְשׁוּת לוֹמַר, מַה לְּמַטָּה, מַה לְּמַעְלָה, מַה לְּפָנִים, מַה לְּאָחוֹר, אֶלָּא מִיּוֹם שֶׁנִּבְרָא הָעוֹלָם וּלְהַבָּא. בַּר קַפָּרָא אָמַר (דברים ד, לב): כִּי שְׁאַל נָא לְיָמִים רִאשֹׁנִים אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ לְפָנֶיךָ, לְמִן הַיּוֹם שֶׁנִּבְרְאוּ אַתָּה דּוֹרֵשׁ, וְאִי אַתָּה דּוֹרֵשׁ לִפְנִים מִכָּאן. (דברים ד, לב): וּלְמִקְצֵה הַשָּׁמַיִם וְעַד קְצֵה הַשָּׁמָיִם, אַתָּה דּוֹרֵשׁ וְחוֹקֵר, וְאִי אַתָּה חוֹקֵר לִפְנִים מִכָּאן. דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן פָּזִי בְּמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית בַּהֲדֵיהּ דְּבַר קַפָּרָא, לָמָּה נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם בְּב', לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ שֶׁהֵן שְׁנֵי עוֹלָמִים, הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְהָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְלָמָּה בְּב' שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן בְּרָכָה, וְלָמָּה לֹא בְּאָלֶ"ף שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן אֲרִירָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה לֹא בְּאָלֶ"ף שֶׁלֹא לִתֵּן פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה לָאֶפִּיקוֹרְסִין לוֹמַר הֵיאַךְ הָעוֹלָם יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד שֶׁהוּא נִבְרָא בִּלְשׁוֹן אֲרִירָה, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הֲרֵי אֲנִי בּוֹרֵא אוֹתוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן בְּרָכָה, וְהַלְּוַאי יַעֲמֹד. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לָמָּה בְּב' אֶלָּא מַה ב' זֶה יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁנֵי עוֹקְצִין, אֶחָד מִלְּמַעְלָה וְאֶחָד מִלְּמַטָּה מֵאֲחוֹרָיו, אוֹמְרִים לַב' מִי בְּרָאֲךָ, וְהוּא מַרְאֶה בְּעוּקְצוֹ מִלְּמַעְלָה, וְאוֹמֵר זֶה שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה בְּרָאָנִי. וּמַה שְּׁמוֹ, וְהוּא מַרְאֶה לָהֶן בְּעוּקְצוֹ שֶׁל אַחֲרָיו, וְאוֹמֵר ה' שְׁמוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר חֲנִינָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אֲחָא, עֶשְׂרִים וְשִׁשָּׁה דוֹרוֹת הָיְתָה הָאָלֶ"ף קוֹרֵא תִּגָּר לִפְנֵי כִסְאוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אָמְרָה לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, אֲנִי רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל אוֹתִיּוֹת וְלֹא בָּרָאתָ עוֹלָמְךָ בִּי, אָמַר לָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָעוֹלָם וּמְלוֹאוֹ לֹא נִבְרָא אֶלָּא בִּזְכוּת הַתּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, יט): ה' בְּחָכְמָה יָסַד אָרֶץ וגו', לְמָחָר אֲנִי בָּא לִתֵּן תּוֹרָה בְּסִינַי וְאֵינִי פּוֹתֵחַ תְּחִלָה אֶלָּא בָּךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כ, ב): אָנֹכִי ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ. רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא אוֹמֵר לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ אָלֶ"ף, שֶׁהוּא מַסְכִּים מֵאָלֶ"ף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קה, ח): דָּבָר צִוָּה לְאֶלֶף דּוֹר.
Rabbi Yonah said in the name of Rabbi Levi: Why was the world created with a "bet"? Just as a bet is closed on all sides and open in the front, so you are not permitted to say, "What is beneath? What is above? What came before? What will come after?" Rather from the day the world was created and after. Bar Kappara said: "You have but to inquire about bygone ages that came before you [ever since God created humanity on earth]" (Deuteronomy 4:32). From the moment God created them you may speculate, however you may not speculate on what was before that. ["From one end of Heaven to the other"] on this you may speculate and investigate, but you may not speculate and investigate on what was before. Rabbi Yehudah ben Pazzi explained the Creation story according to Bar Kappara: Why was the world created with a "bet"? To teach you there are two worlds: this world and the world-to-come. Another interpretation: Why with a "bet"? Because it is an expression of "blessing." And why not with an "aleph"? Because it is an expression of "cursing." Another interpretation: Why not with an "aleph"? So as not to give an argument to the heretics, who would say 'how could the world endure since it was created with an expression of curse?' Rather, the Holy One of Blessing said: 'behold I create it with an expression of blessing, and hopefully it will endure.' Another interpretation: Why with a "bet"? The bet has two points, one on its top and one behind it, they say to the "bet": 'who created you?' and he points with his point on top, and says: 'the One Above created me'. 'And what is His name?' and he shows with his point of behind, and says 'Hashem is His name.' Said Rabbi Eleazar Bar Chanina in the name of Rabbi Acha: for 26 generations the "aleph" screamed 'injustice!' in front of the throne of the Holy One of Blessing, saying to Him: 'Master of the Universe! I am the first of the letters and You did not create the world with me!' The Holy One of Blessing said to her [the aleph]: the world and all what it contains were only created due to the merit of Torah, as it is written: "Ad-nai set the earth with wisdom [with understanding He established the heaven]" (Mishlei/Prov 3:19). Tomorrow I come to give Torah at Sinai and I am going to open at first instance only with you, as it says Anochi 'I am Ad-nai your God' (Exodus/Shemot 20:2). Rabbi Hoshaya says: Why is its name "aleph"? Because he agrees from the outset [aleph], as it says " the word which He commanded to a thousand [eleph] generations."

וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֱלֹקִים לֹא טוֹב הֱיוֹת (בראשית ב, יח), תְּנֵינַן בַּעֲשָׂרָה מַאֲמָרוֹת נִבְרָא הָעוֹלָם, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן (בראשית א, א): בְּרֵאשִׁית (בראשית א, ב): וְרוּחַ אֱלֹקִים מְרַחֶפֶת (בראשית א, ג): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי אוֹר (בראשית א, ו): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי רָקִיעַ (בראשית א, ט): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם (בראשית א, יא): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים תַּדְּשֵׁא הָאָרֶץ (בראשית א, יד): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת (בראשית א, כ): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם (בראשית א, כד): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים תּוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ (בראשית א, כו): וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם. מְנַחֵם בַּר יוֹסֵי מוֹצִיא וְרוּחַ אֱלֹקִים מְרַחֶפֶת, וּמֵבִיא וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֱלֹקִים לֹא טוֹב הֱיוֹת הָאָדָם. אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בֶּן קוּרְשָׁאי מַאֲמָר נִתַּן לָרוּחַ בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ.

And Ad-nai El-him said "it is not good" (Genesis 2:18). We learn that with Ten Utterances the world was created, and here thy are: bereshit (Gen. 1:1); and the spirit of God hovered (Gen. 1:2); and God said let there be light (Gen. 1:3); and God said let there be a firmament (Gen. 1:6); and God said let the waters gather (Gen. 1:9); and God said let the earth sprout grass (Gen. 1:11); and God said let there be luminaries (Gen. 1:14); and God said let the water bring forth swarms (Gen. 1:20); and God said let the earth bring out (Gen. 1:24); and God said let Us make the human (Gen. 1:26). Menachem bar Yosei takes out "and the spirit of God hovered" and adds "And God said: it is not good." Rabbi Yaakov ben Kurshay: the saying gives to "spirit" a standing on its own.

רִבִּי חִזְקִיָּה פָּתַח, כָּתוּב (שיר השירים ב) כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים. מִי הַשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה זוֹ כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל [משום שיש שושנה ויש שושנה]. מָה הַשּׁוֹשַׁנָּה שֶׁהִיא בֵּין הַחוֹחִים יֵשׁ בָּהּ אָדֹם וְלָבָן - אַף כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ בָּהּ דִּין וְרַחֲמִים. מַה שּׁוֹשַׁנָּה יֵשׁ בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר עָלִים - אַף בִּכְנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל יֵשׁ שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת רַחֲמִים שֶׁמַּקִּיפוֹת אוֹתָהּ מִכָּל צְדָדֶיהָ. אַף אֱלֹקִים שֶׁל כָּאן, מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּזְכַּר, הוֹצִיא שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה תֵבוֹת לְהַקִּיף אֶת כְּנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלִשְׁמֹר אוֹתָהּ.
Rabbi Hizkiyah opened, “It is written, as a rose among thorns.” (Song of Songs 2:2) What is the Rose? It is the Congregation of Israel. Because there is a rose, and there is a Rose [Nukvah/Zeir Anpin]. Just as the rose among the thorns is tinged with red and white, so is the Congregation of Israel affected by the qualities of Judgment and Mercy. Just as a rose has thirteen petals, the Assembly of Israel is surrounded on all sides by the thirteen attributes of Mercy. Thus, between the first mentions of the name Elohim, [in the Torah] these [thirteen] words surround and guard the Congregation of Israel.
בְּרֵאשִׁית דָּא מַפְתְּחָא דְּכֹלָא סָתִים בֵּיהּ, וְהוּא סָגִיר וּפָתַח, וְשִׁית תַּרְעִין כְּלִילָן בֵּיהּ. בְּהַהוּא מַפְתְּחָא דְּסָגִיר וּפָתַח. כַּד סָגִיר אִנּוּן תַּרְעִין וְכָלִיל לוֹן בְּגַוֵּיהּ (נ''א וכלה בגויה) כְּדֵין וַדַּאי כְּתִיב בְּרֵאשִׁית מִלָּה גַלְיָא בִּכְלַל מִלָּה סְתִימָאָה. וּבְכָל אֲתַר בָּרָ''א מִלָּא סְתִימָאָה אִיהוּ. סָגִיר וְלָא פָתַח.
"In the beginning, Elohim created" (Gen. 1:1). Beresheet is the key by which everything is hidden, as it locks and unlocks. With this key, six gates are locked and unlocked. So, when it locks those gates, and includes them within itself, then it is for sure Beresheet: a revealed word that includes within it a concealed word. Bara, wherever it appears, is a word that hides and guards a secret, locks it up and does not unlock it.
(דניאל י״ב:ג׳) וְהַמַּשְׂכִּילִים יַזְהִירוּ כְּזֹהַר הָרָקִיעַ וּמַצְדִּיקֵי הָרַבִּים כַּכּוֹכָבִים לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד. זֹהַר סְתִימָא דִסְתִימִין, בָּטַשׁ אֲוִירָא דִילֵיהּ (דמטי ולא מטי) (נ''א ואנהיר) בְּהַאי נְקוּדָה (ס''א נהורא) וּכְדֵין אִתְפַּשַׁט הַאי רֵאשִׁית וְעָבִיד לֵיהּ הֵיכָלָא לִיקָרֵיהּ וּלְתוּשְׁבַּחְתֵּיהּ (יקרא להיכליה ולתושבחתא). (נ''א וליקריה ולהיכליה ולתושבחתיה). תַּמָּן זָרַע זַרְעָא דְקוּדְשָׁא לְאוֹלָדָא לְתוֹעַלְתָּא דְעָלְמָא, וְרָזָא דָא (ישעיהו ו׳:י״ג) זֶרַע קֹדֶשׁ מַצַּבְתָּהּ. זֹהַר דְּזָרַע זַרְעָא לִיקָרֵיהּ, כְּהַאי זַרְעָא דְמֶשִׁי דְאַרְגְּוָון טָב דְּאִתְחֲפֵי לְגוֹ וְעָבִיד לֵיהּ הֵיכָלָא דְאִיהוּ תּוּשְׁבַּחְתָּא דִילֵיהּ וְתוֹעַלְתָּא דְּכֹלָּא. בְּהַאי רֵאשִׁית בְּרָא הַהוּא סְתִימָא דְּלָא אִתְיְידַע לְהֵיכָלָא דָא. הֵיכָלָא דָא אִקְרֵי אֱלקִים, וְרָזָא דָא בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אֱלקִים.

And the enlightened will shine like the brightness [zohar] of the firmament, and they who lead many to righteousness like the stars for ever and ever" (Daniel 12:3). Zohar! Concealed of concealed struck its aura, which touched and did not touch this point [Keter transmits the creative impulse to Chochmah] Then this beginning expanded, building itself a palace worthy of glorious praise. There [in Binah] it sowed seed to give birth, availing worlds. This is the secret of, "Her stock is seed of holiness"(Isaiah 6:13). Zohar! Sowing seed for its glory, like the seed of fine purple silk wrapping itse;f within, weaving itself a palace, constituting its praise, availing all. With this Beginning, the concealed One created the palace. This palace is called 'Elohim.' The secret is: "With beginning _________ created Elohim ".

[Transl. Daniel Matt]

בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹקִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
In the beginning the Almighty — in his wisdom — created out of nothingness the heaven and the earth together with their inherent potentials.
(ירושלמי על התורה, רמב"ן.)

~ Torah Yesharah, 1963 by Rev. Dr. Charles Kahane

~ What does this version add?

בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹקִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
In the beginning of the creation by G-d [Elokim, the attribute of justice,] of the heavens and the earth, [G-d first intending to create the world with the attribute of justice but then granting precedence to the attribute of mercy (Yod-Key-Vav-Key), seeing that the world could not otherwise endure],

~ by R. Shraga Silverstein (d. 2014)

~ What does this version add?

We use cookies to give you the best experience possible on our site. Click OK to continue using Sefaria. Learn More.OKאנחנו משתמשים ב"עוגיות" כדי לתת למשתמשים את חוויית השימוש הטובה ביותר.קראו עוד בנושאלחצו כאן לאישור