σαββάτον ὁδός, sabbath journey, sabbath day’s journey

(29) Mark that the LORD has given you the sabbath; therefore He gives you two days’ food on the sixth day. Let everyone remain where he is: let no one leave his place on the seventh day.”

The one who goes outside the boundary of the city on the Sabbath is lashed, as it is said, "one shall not go out from one's place on the seventh day" (Exodus 16:29). This "place" is the boundary of the city. And the Torah dod not give the amount [of distance] for this boundary, but the Sages had a tradition that this boundary was 12 mil outside, equal to the Israelites camp. And thus Moses our teacher said to them: do not go outside the camp. And from the words of the [Rabbis], a person shall not go outside the city other than 2000 cubits, but outside of 2000 cubits is forbidden, in that 2000 cubits is the pasture land of the city....

You find from what was learned that a person is permitted on the Sabbath to walk the entire city, even if it was [as big as] Nineveh, whether it was surrounded by a wall or not surrounded by a wall. And similarly, it is permitted to walk outside the city 2000 cubits in every direction, square, like a square tablet such that one benefits from the corners. And if one went outside 2000 cubits, we lash him with lashes of rebellion until 12 mil. But if he went out and distanced [himself] from the city more than 12 mil, even one cubit, he is lashed from the [law of] the Torah.