(1) For the leader; with instrumental music. A maskil of David. (2) Give ear, O God, to my prayer; do not ignore my plea; (3) pay heed to me and answer me. I am tossed about, complaining and moaning (4) at the clamor of the enemy, because of the oppression of the wicked; for they bring evil upon me and furiously harass me. (5) My heart is convulsed within me; terrors of death assail me. (6) Fear and trembling invade me; I am clothed with horror. (7) I said, “O that I had the wings of a dove! I would fly away and find rest; (8) surely, I would flee far off; I would lodge in the wilderness;selah (9) I would soon find me a refuge from the sweeping wind, from the tempest.” (10) O Lord, confound their speech, confuse it! For I see lawlessness and strife in the city; (11) day and night they make their rounds on its walls; evil and mischief are inside it. (12) Malice is within it; fraud and deceit never leave its square. (13) It is not an enemy who reviles me —I could bear that; it is not my foe who vaunts himself against me —I could hide from him; (14) but it is you, my equal, my companion, my friend; (15) sweet was our fellowship; we walked together in God’s house. (16) Let Him incite death against them; may they go down alive into Sheol! For where they dwell, there evil is. (17) As for me, I call to God; the LORD will deliver me. (18) Evening, morning, and noon, I complain and moan, and He hears my voice. (19) He redeems me unharmed from the battle against me; it is as though many are on my side. (20) God who has reigned from the first, who will have no successor, hears and humbles those who have no fear of God.Selah. (21) He harmed his ally, he broke his pact; (22) his talk was smoother than butter, yet his mind was on war; his words were more soothing than oil, yet they were drawn swords. (23) Cast your burden on the LORD and He will sustain you; He will never let the righteous man collapse. (24) For You, O God, will bring them down to the nethermost Pit— those murderous, treacherous men; they shall not live out half their days; but I trust in You. (1) For the leader; on yonath elem reḥokim. Of David. A michtam; when the Philistines seized him in Gath. (2) Have mercy on me, O God, for men persecute me; all day long my adversary oppresses me. (3) My watchful foes persecute me all day long; many are my adversaries, O Exalted One. (4) When I am afraid, I trust in You, (5) in God, whose word I praise, in God I trust; I am not afraid; what can mortals do to me? (6) All day long they cause me grief in my affairs, they plan only evil against me. (7) They plot, they lie in ambush; they watch my every move, hoping for my death. (8) Cast them out for their evil; subdue peoples in Your anger, O God. (9) You keep count of my wanderings; put my tears into Your flask, into Your record. (10) Then my enemies will retreat when I call on You; this I know, that God is for me. (11) In God, whose word I praise, in the LORD, whose word I praise, (12) in God I trust; I am not afraid; what can man do to me? (13) I must pay my vows to You, O God; I will render thank offerings to You. (14) For You have saved me from death, my foot from stumbling, that I may walk before God in the light of life. (1) For the leader; al tashḥeth. Of David. A michtam; when he fled from Saul into a cave. (2) Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me, for I seek refuge in You, I seek refuge in the shadow of Your wings, until danger passes. (3) I call to God Most High, to God who is good to me. (4) He will reach down from heaven and deliver me: God will send down His steadfast love; my persecutor reviles.Selah. (5) As for me, I lie down among man-eating lions whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongue is a sharp sword. (6) Exalt Yourself over the heavens, O God, let Your glory be over all the earth! (7) They prepared a net for my feet to ensnare me; they dug a pit for me, but they fell into it.Selah. (8) My heart is firm, O God; my heart is firm; I will sing, I will chant a hymn. (9) Awake, O my soul! Awake, O harp and lyre! I will wake the dawn. (10) I will praise You among the peoples, O Lord; I will sing a hymn to You among the nations; (11) for Your faithfulness is as high as heaven; Your steadfastness reaches to the sky. (12) Exalt Yourself over the heavens, O God, let Your glory be over all the earth! (1) For the leader; al tashḥeth. Of David. A michtam. (2) O mighty ones, do you really decree what is just? Do you judge mankind with equity? (3) In your minds you devise wrongdoing in the land; with your hands you deal out lawlessness. (4) The wicked are defiant from birth; the liars go astray from the womb. (5) Their venom is like that of a snake, a deaf viper that stops its ears (6) so as not to hear the voice of charmers or the expert mutterer of spells. (7) O God, smash their teeth in their mouth; shatter the fangs of lions, O LORD; (8) let them melt, let them vanish like water; let Him aim His arrows that they be cut down; (9) like a snail that melts away as it moves; like a woman’s stillbirth, may they never see the sun! (10) Before the thorns grow into a bramble, may He whirl them away alive in fury. (11) The righteous man will rejoice when he sees revenge; he will bathe his feet in the blood of the wicked. (12) Men will say, “There is, then, a reward for the righteous; there is, indeed, divine justice on earth.” (1) For the leader; al tashḥeth. Of David. A michtam; when Saul sent men to watch his house in order to put him to death. (2) Save me from my enemies, O my God; secure me against my assailants. (3) Save me from evildoers; deliver me from murderers. (4) For see, they lie in wait for me; fierce men plot against me for no offense of mine, for no transgression, O LORD; (5) for no guilt of mine do they rush to array themselves against me. Look, rouse Yourself on my behalf! (6) You, O LORD God of hosts, God of Israel, bestir Yourself to bring all nations to account; have no mercy on any treacherous villain. Selah. (7) They come each evening growling like dogs, roaming the city. (8) They rave with their mouths, sharp words are on their lips; [they think,] “Who hears?” (9) But You, O LORD, laugh at them; You mock all the nations. (10) O my strength, I wait for You; for God is my haven. (11) My faithful God will come to aid me; God will let me gloat over my watchful foes. (12) Do not kill them lest my people be unmindful; with Your power make wanderers of them; bring them low, O our shield, the Lord, (13) because of their sinful mouths, the words on their lips. Let them be trapped by their pride, and by the imprecations and lies they utter. (14) In Your fury put an end to them; put an end to them that they be no more; that it may be known to the ends of the earth that God does rule over Jacob.Selah. (15) They come each evening growling like dogs, roaming the city. (16) They wander in search of food; and whine if they are not satisfied. (17) But I will sing of Your strength, extol each morning Your faithfulness; for You have been my haven, a refuge in time of trouble. (18) O my strength, to You I sing hymns; for God is my haven, my faithful God. (1) For the leader; on shushan eduth. A michtam of David (to be taught), (2) when he fought with Aram-Naharaim and Aram-Zobah, and Joab returned and defeated Edom—[an army] of twelve thousand men—in the Valley of Salt. (3) O God, You have rejected us, You have made a breach in us; You have been angry; restore us! (4) You have made the land quake; You have torn it open. Mend its fissures, for it is collapsing. (5) You have made Your people suffer hardship; You have given us wine that makes us reel. (6) Give those who fear You because of Your truth a banner for rallying.Selah. (7) That those whom You love might be rescued, deliver with Your right hand and answer me. (8) God promised in His sanctuary that I would exultingly divide up Shechem, and measure the Valley of Sukkoth; (9) Gilead and Manasseh would be mine, Ephraim my chief stronghold, Judah my scepter; (10) Moab would be my washbasin; on Edom I would cast my shoe; acclaim me, O Philistia! (11) Would that I were brought to the bastion! Would that I were led to Edom! (12) But You have rejected us, O God; God, You do not march with our armies. (13) Grant us Your aid against the foe, for the help of man is worthless. (14) With God we shall triumph; He will trample our foes. (1) For the leader; with instrumental music. Of David. (2) Hear my cry, O God, heed my prayer. (3) From the end of the earth I call to You; when my heart is faint, You lead me to a rock that is high above me. (4) For You have been my refuge, a tower of strength against the enemy. (5) O that I might dwell in Your tent forever, take refuge under Your protecting wings. Selah. (6) O God, You have heard my vows; grant the request of those who fear Your name. (7) Add days to the days of the king; may his years extend through generations; (8) may he dwell in God’s presence forever; appoint steadfast love to guard him. (9) So I will sing hymns to Your name forever, as I fulfill my vows day after day. (1) For the leader; on Jeduthun. A psalm of David. (2) Truly my soul waits quietly for God; my deliverance comes from Him. (3) Truly He is my rock and deliverance, my haven; I shall never be shaken. (4) How long will all of you attack a man, to crush him, as though he were a leaning wall, a tottering fence? (5) They lay plans to topple him from his rank; they delight in falsehood; they bless with their mouths, while inwardly they curse.Selah. (6) Truly, wait quietly for God, O my soul, for my hope comes from Him. (7) He is my rock and deliverance, my haven; I shall not be shaken. (8) I rely on God, my deliverance and glory, my rock of strength; in God is my refuge. (9) Trust in Him at all times, O people; pour out your hearts before Him; God is our refuge. Selah. (10) Men are mere breath; mortals, illusion; placed on a scale all together, they weigh even less than a breath. (11) Do not trust in violence, or put false hopes in robbery; if force bears fruit pay it no mind. (12) One thing God has spoken; two things have I heard: that might belongs to God, (13) and faithfulness is Yours, O Lord, to reward each man according to his deeds. (1) A psalm of David, when he was in the Wilderness of Judah. (2) God, You are my God; I search for You, my soul thirsts for You, my body yearns for You, as a parched and thirsty land that has no water. (3) I shall behold You in the sanctuary, and see Your might and glory, (4) Truly Your faithfulness is better than life; my lips declare Your praise. (5) I bless You all my life; I lift up my hands, invoking Your name. (6) I am sated as with a rich feast, I sing praises with joyful lips (7) when I call You to mind upon my bed, when I think of You in the watches of the night; (8) for You are my help, and in the shadow of Your wings I shout for joy. (9) My soul is attached to You; Your right hand supports me. (10) May those who seek to destroy my life enter the depths of the earth. (11) May they be gutted by the sword; may they be prey to jackals. (12) But the king shall rejoice in God; all who swear by Him shall exult, when the mouth of liars is stopped. (1) For the leader. A psalm of David. (2) Hear my voice, O God, when I plead; guard my life from the enemy’s terror. (3) Hide me from a band of evil men, from a crowd of evildoers, (4) who whet their tongues like swords; they aim their arrows—cruel words— (5) to shoot from hiding at the blameless man; they shoot him suddenly and without fear. (6) They arm themselves with an evil word; when they speak, it is to conceal traps; they think, “Who will see them?” (7) Let the wrongdoings they have concealed, each one inside him, his secret thoughts, be wholly exposed. (8) God shall shoot them with arrows; they shall be struck down suddenly. (9) Their tongue shall be their downfall; all who see them shall recoil in horror; (10) all men shall stand in awe; they shall proclaim the work of God and His deed which they perceived. (11) The righteous shall rejoice in the LORD, and take refuge in Him; all the upright shall exult. (1) For the leader. A psalm of David. A song. (2) Praise befits You in Zion, O God; vows are paid to You; (3) all mankind comes to You, You who hear prayer. (4) When all manner of sins overwhelm me, it is You who forgive our iniquities. (5) Happy is the man You choose and bring near to dwell in Your courts; may we be sated with the blessings of Your house, Your holy temple. (6) Answer us with victory through awesome deeds, O God, our deliverer, in whom all the ends of the earth and the distant seas put their trust; (7) who by His power fixed the mountains firmly, who is girded with might, (8) who stills the raging seas, the raging waves, and tumultuous peoples. (9) Those who live at the ends of the earth are awed by Your signs; You make the lands of sunrise and sunset shout for joy. (10) You take care of the earth and irrigate it; You enrich it greatly, with the channel of God full of water; You provide grain for men; for so do You prepare it. (11) Saturating its furrows, leveling its ridges, You soften it with showers, You bless its growth. (12) You crown the year with Your bounty; fatness is distilled in Your paths; (13) the pasturelands distill it; the hills are girded with joy. (14) The meadows are clothed with flocks, the valleys mantled with grain; they raise a shout, they break into song. (1) For the leader. A song. A psalm. Raise a shout for God, all the earth; (2) sing the glory of His name, make glorious His praise. (3) Say to God, “How awesome are Your deeds, Your enemies cower before Your great strength; (4) all the earth bows to You, and sings hymns to You; all sing hymns to Your name.”Selah. (5) Come and see the works of God, who is held in awe by men for His acts. (6) He turned the sea into dry land; they crossed the river on foot; we therefore rejoice in Him. (7) He rules forever in His might; His eyes scan the nations; let the rebellious not assert themselves.Selah. (8) O peoples, bless our God, celebrate His praises; (9) who has granted us life, and has not let our feet slip. (10) You have tried us, O God, refining us, as one refines silver. (11) You have caught us in a net, caught us in trammels. (12) You have let men ride over us; we have endured fire and water, and You have brought us through to prosperity. (13) I enter Your house with burnt offerings, I pay my vows to You, (14) [vows] that my lips pronounced, that my mouth uttered in my distress. (15) I offer up fatlings to You, with the odor of burning rams; I sacrifice bulls and he-goats.Selah. (16) Come and hear, all God-fearing men, as I tell what He did for me. (17) I called aloud to Him, glorification on my tongue. (18) Had I an evil thought in my mind, the Lord would not have listened. (19) But God did listen; He paid heed to my prayer. (20) Blessed is God who has not turned away my prayer, or His faithful care from me. (1) For the leader; with instrumental music. A psalm. A song. (2) May God be gracious to us and bless us; may He show us favor,selah (3) that Your way be known on earth, Your deliverance among all nations. (4) Peoples will praise You, O God; all peoples will praise You. (5) Nations will exult and shout for joy, for You rule the peoples with equity, You guide the nations of the earth.Selah. (6) The peoples will praise You, O God; all peoples will praise You. (7) May the earth yield its produce; may God, our God, bless us. (8) May God bless us, and be revered to the ends of the earth. (1) For the leader. Of David. A psalm. A song. (2) God will arise, His enemies shall be scattered, His foes shall flee before Him. (3) Disperse them as smoke is dispersed; as wax melts at fire, so the wicked shall perish before God. (4) But the righteous shall rejoice; they shall exult in the presence of God; they shall be exceedingly joyful. (5) Sing to God, chant hymns to His name; extol Him who rides the clouds; the LORD is His name. Exult in His presence— (6) the father of orphans, the champion of widows, God, in His holy habitation. (7) God restores the lonely to their homes, sets free the imprisoned, safe and sound, while the rebellious must live in a parched land. (8) O God, when You went at the head of Your army, when You marched through the desert, selah (9) the earth trembled, the sky rained because of God, yon Sinai, because of God, the God of Israel. (10) You released a bountiful rain, O God; when Your own land languished, You sustained it. (11) Your tribe dwells there; O God, in Your goodness You provide for the needy. (12) The Lord gives a command; the women who bring the news are a great host: (13) “The kings and their armies are in headlong flight; housewives are sharing in the spoils; (14) even for those of you who lie among the sheepfolds there are wings of a dove sheathed in silver, its pinions in fine gold.” (15) When Shaddai scattered the kings, it seemed like a snowstorm in Zalmon. (16) O majestic mountain, Mount Bashan; O jagged mountain, Mount Bashan; (17) why so hostile, O jagged mountains, toward the mountain God desired as His dwelling? The LORD shall abide there forever. (18) God’s chariots are myriads upon myriads, thousands upon thousands; the Lord is among them as in Sinai in holiness. (19) You went up to the heights, having taken captives, having received tribute of men, even of those who rebel against the LORD God’s abiding there. (20) Blessed is the Lord. Day by day He supports us, God, our deliverance. Selah. (21) God is for us a God of deliverance; GOD the Lord provides an escape from death. (22) God will smash the heads of His enemies, the hairy crown of him who walks about in his guilt. (23) The Lord said, “I will retrieve from Bashan, I will retrieve from the depths of the sea; (24) that your feet may wade through blood; that the tongue of your dogs may have its portion of your enemies.” (25) Men see Your processions, O God, the processions of my God, my king, into the sanctuary. (26) First come singers, then musicians, amidst maidens playing timbrels. (27) In assemblies bless God, the LORD, O you who are from the fountain of Israel. (28) There is little Benjamin who rules them, the princes of Judah who command them, the princes of Zebulun and Naphtali. (29) Your God has ordained strength for you, the strength, O God, which You displayed for us (30) from Your temple above Jerusalem. The kings bring You tribute. (31) Blast the beast of the marsh, the herd of bulls among the peoples, the calves, till they come cringing with pieces of silver. Scatter the peoples who delight in wars! (32) Tribute-bearers shall come from Egypt; Cush shall hasten its gifts to God. (33) O kingdoms of the earth, sing to God; chant hymns to the Lord, selah (34) to Him who rides the ancient highest heavens, who thunders forth with His mighty voice. (35) Ascribe might to God, whose majesty is over Israel, whose might is in the skies. (36) You are awesome, O God, in Your holy places; it is the God of Israel who gives might and power to the people. Blessed is God. (1) For the leader. On shoshannim. Of David. (2) Deliver me, O God, for the waters have reached my neck; (3) I am sinking into the slimy deep and find no foothold; I have come into the watery depths; the flood sweeps me away. (4) I am weary with calling; my throat is dry; my eyes fail while I wait for God. (5) More numerous than the hairs of my head are those who hate me without reason; many are those who would destroy me, my treacherous enemies. Must I restore what I have not stolen? (6) God, You know my folly; my guilty deeds are not hidden from You. (7) Let those who look to You, O Lord, God of hosts, not be disappointed on my account; let those who seek You, O God of Israel, not be shamed because of me. (8) It is for Your sake that I have been reviled, that shame covers my face; (9) I am a stranger to my brothers, an alien to my kin. (10) My zeal for Your house has been my undoing; the reproaches of those who revile You have fallen upon me. (11) When I wept and fasted, I was reviled for it. (12) I made sackcloth my garment; I became a byword among them. (13) Those who sit in the gate talk about me; I am the taunt of drunkards. (14) As for me, may my prayer come to You, O LORD, at a favorable moment; O God, in Your abundant faithfulness, answer me with Your sure deliverance. (15) Rescue me from the mire; let me not sink; let me be rescued from my enemies, and from the watery depths. (16) Let the floodwaters not sweep me away; let the deep not swallow me; let the mouth of the Pit not close over me. (17) Answer me, O LORD, according to Your great steadfastness; in accordance with Your abundant mercy turn to me; (18) do not hide Your face from Your servant, for I am in distress; answer me quickly. (19) Come near to me and redeem me; free me from my enemies. (20) You know my reproach, my shame, my disgrace; You are aware of all my foes. (21) Reproach breaks my heart, I am in despair; I hope for consolation, but there is none, for comforters, but find none. (22) They give me gall for food, vinegar to quench my thirst. (23) May their table be a trap for them, a snare for their allies. (24) May their eyes grow dim so that they cannot see; may their loins collapse continually. (25) Pour out Your wrath on them; may Your blazing anger overtake them; (26) may their encampments be desolate; may their tents stand empty. (27) For they persecute those You have struck; they talk about the pain of those You have felled. (28) Add that to their guilt; let them have no share of Your beneficence; (29) may they be erased from the book of life, and not be inscribed with the righteous. (30) But I am lowly and in pain; Your help, O God, keeps me safe. (31) I will extol God’s name with song, and exalt Him with praise. (32) That will please the LORD more than oxen, than bulls with horns and hooves. (33) The lowly will see and rejoice; you who are mindful of God, take heart! (34) For the LORD listens to the needy, and does not spurn His captives. (35) Heaven and earth shall extol Him, the seas, and all that moves in them. (36) For God will deliver Zion and rebuild the cities of Judah; they shall live there and inherit it; (37) the offspring of His servants shall possess it; those who cherish His name shall dwell there. (1) For the leader. Of David. Lehazkir. (2) Hasten, O God, to save me; O LORD, to aid me! (3) Let those who seek my life be frustrated and disgraced; let those who wish me harm, fall back in shame. (4) Let those who say, “Aha! Aha!” turn back because of their frustration. (5) But let all who seek You be glad and rejoice in You; let those who are eager for Your deliverance always say, “Extolled be God!” (6) But I am poor and needy; O God, hasten to me! You are my help and my rescuer; O LORD, do not delay. (1) I seek refuge in You, O LORD; may I never be disappointed. (2) As You are beneficent, save me and rescue me; incline Your ear to me and deliver me. (3) Be a sheltering rock for me to which I may always repair; decree my deliverance, for You are my rock and my fortress. (4) My God, rescue me from the hand of the wicked, from the grasp of the unjust and the lawless. (5) For You are my hope, O Lord GOD, my trust from my youth. (6) While yet unborn, I depended on You; in the womb of my mother, You were my support; I sing Your praises always. (7) I have become an example for many, since You are my mighty refuge. (8) My mouth is full of praise to You, glorifying You all day long. (9) Do not cast me off in old age; when my strength fails, do not forsake me! (10) For my enemies talk against me; those who wait for me are of one mind, (11) saying, “God has forsaken him; chase him and catch him, for no one will save him!” (12) O God, be not far from me; my God, hasten to my aid! (13) Let my accusers perish in frustration; let those who seek my ruin be clothed in reproach and disgrace! (14) As for me, I will hope always, and add to the many praises of You. (15) My mouth tells of Your beneficence, of Your deliverance all day long, though I know not how to tell it. (16) I come with praise of Your mighty acts, O Lord GOD; I celebrate Your beneficence, Yours alone. (17) You have let me experience it, God, from my youth; until now I have proclaimed Your wondrous deeds, (18) and even in hoary old age do not forsake me, God, until I proclaim Your strength to the next generation, Your mighty acts, to all who are to come, (19) Your beneficence, high as the heavens, O God, You who have done great things; O God, who is Your peer! (20) You who have made me undergo many troubles and misfortunes will revive me again, and raise me up from the depths of the earth. (21) You will grant me much greatness, You will turn and comfort me. (22) Then I will acclaim You to the music of the lyre for Your faithfulness, O my God; I will sing a hymn to You with a harp, O Holy One of Israel. (23) My lips shall be jubilant, as I sing a hymn to You, my whole being, which You have redeemed. (24) All day long my tongue shall recite Your beneficent acts, how those who sought my ruin were frustrated and disgraced. (1) Of Solomon. O God, endow the king with Your judgments, the king’s son with Your righteousness; (2) that he may judge Your people rightly, Your lowly ones, justly. (3) Let the mountains produce well-being for the people, the hills, the reward of justice. (4) Let him champion the lowly among the people, deliver the needy folk, and crush those who wrong them. (5) Let them fear You as long as the sun shines, while the moon lasts, generations on end. (6) Let him be like rain that falls on a mown field, like a downpour of rain on the ground, (7) that the righteous may flourish in his time, and well-being abound, till the moon is no more. (8) Let him rule from sea to sea, from the river to the ends of the earth. (9) Let desert-dwellers kneel before him, and his enemies lick the dust. (10) Let kings of Tarshish and the islands pay tribute, kings of Sheba and Seba offer gifts. (11) Let all kings bow to him, and all nations serve him. (12) For he saves the needy who cry out, the lowly who have no helper. (13) He cares about the poor and the needy; He brings the needy deliverance. (14) He redeems them from fraud and lawlessness; the shedding of their blood weighs heavily upon him. (15) So let him live, and receive gold of Sheba; let prayers for him be said always, blessings on him invoked at all times. (16) Let abundant grain be in the land, to the tops of the mountains; let his crops thrive like the forest of Lebanon; and let men sprout up in towns like country grass. (17) May his name be eternal; while the sun lasts, may his name endure; let men invoke his blessedness upon themselves; let all nations count him happy. (18) Blessed is the LORD God, God of Israel, who alone does wondrous things; (19) Blessed is His glorious name forever; His glory fills the whole world. Amen and Amen. (20) End of the prayers of David son of Jesse. (1) A psalm of Asaph. God is truly good to Israel, to those whose heart is pure. (2) As for me, my feet had almost strayed, my steps were nearly led off course, (3) for I envied the wanton; I saw the wicked at ease. (4) Death has no pangs for them; their body is healthy. (5) They have no part in the travail of men; they are not afflicted like the rest of mankind. (6) So pride adorns their necks, lawlessness enwraps them as a mantle. (7) Fat shuts out their eyes; their fancies are extravagant. (8) They scoff and plan evil; from their eminence they plan wrongdoing. (9) They set their mouths against heaven, and their tongues range over the earth. (10) So they pound His people again and again, until they are drained of their very last tear. (11) Then they say, “How could God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High?” (12) Such are the wicked; ever tranquil, they amass wealth. (13) It was for nothing that I kept my heart pure and washed my hands in innocence, (14) seeing that I have been constantly afflicted, that each morning brings new punishments. (15) Had I decided to say these things, I should have been false to the circle of Your disciples. (16) So I applied myself to understand this, but it seemed a hopeless task (17) till I entered God’s sanctuary and reflected on their fate. (18) You surround them with flattery; You make them fall through blandishments. (19) How suddenly are they ruined, wholly swept away by terrors. (20) When You are aroused You despise their image, as one does a dream after waking, O Lord. (21) My mind was stripped of its reason, my feelings were numbed. (22) I was a dolt, without knowledge; I was brutish toward You. (23) Yet I was always with You, You held my right hand; (24) You guided me by Your counsel and led me toward honor. (25) Whom else have I in heaven? And having You, I want no one on earth. (26) My body and mind fail; but God is the stay of my mind, my portion forever. (27) Those who keep far from You perish; You annihilate all who are untrue to You. (28) As for me, nearness to God is good; I have made the Lord GOD my refuge, that I may recount all Your works. (1) A maskil of Asaph. Why, O God, do You forever reject us, do You fume in anger at the flock that You tend? (2) Remember the community You made Yours long ago, Your very own tribe that You redeemed, Mount Zion, where You dwell. (3) Bestir Yourself because of the perpetual tumult, all the outrages of the enemy in the sanctuary. (4) Your foes roar inside Your meeting-place; they take their signs for true signs. (5) It is like men wielding axes against a gnarled tree; (6) with hatchet and pike they hacked away at its carved work. (7) They made Your sanctuary go up in flames; they brought low in dishonor the dwelling-place of Your presence. (8) They resolved, “Let us destroy them altogether!” They burned all God’s tabernacles in the land. (9) No signs appear for us; there is no longer any prophet; no one among us knows for how long. (10) Till when, O God, will the foe blaspheme, will the enemy forever revile Your name? (11) Why do You hold back Your hand, Your right hand? Draw it out of Your bosom! (12) O God, my King from of old, who brings deliverance throughout the land; (13) it was You who drove back the sea with Your might, who smashed the heads of the monsters in the waters; (14) it was You who crushed the heads of Leviathan, who left him as food for the denizens of the desert; (15) it was You who released springs and torrents, who made mighty rivers run dry; (16) the day is Yours, the night also; it was You who set in place the orb of the sun; (17) You fixed all the boundaries of the earth; summer and winter—You made them. (18) Be mindful of how the enemy blasphemes the LORD, how base people revile Your name. (19) Do not deliver Your dove to the wild beast; do not ignore forever the band of Your lowly ones. (20) Look to the covenant! For the dark places of the land are full of the haunts of lawlessness. (21) Let not the downtrodden turn away disappointed; let the poor and needy praise Your name. (22) Rise, O God, champion Your cause; be mindful that You are blasphemed by base men all day long. (23) Do not ignore the shouts of Your foes, the din of Your adversaries that ascends all the time.
(א) בְּתוּלָה נִשֵּׂאת לַיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי, וְאַלְמָנָה לַיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי. שֶׁפַּעֲמַיִם בַּשַּׁבָּת בָּתֵּי דִינִין יוֹשְׁבִין בָּעֲיָרוֹת, בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי וּבַיּוֹם הַחֲמִישִׁי, שֶׁאִם הָיָה לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים, הָיָה מַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין:
(ב) בְּתוּלָה, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָאתַיִם. וְאַלְמָנָה, מָנֶה. בְּתוּלָה אַלְמָנָה, גְּרוּשָׁה, וַחֲלוּצָה, מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, כְּתֻבָּתָן מָאתַיִם, וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים. הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְהַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְהַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ, פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, כְּתֻבָּתָן מָאתַיִם, וְיֵשׁ לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים:
(ג) הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּא עַל הַקְּטַנָּה, וְקָטָן שֶׁבָּא עַל הַגְּדוֹלָה, וּמֻכַּת עֵץ, כְּתֻבָּתָן מָאתַיִם, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מֻכַּת עֵץ, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה:
(ד) בְּתוּלָה אַלְמָנָה, גְּרוּשָׁה, וַחֲלוּצָה, מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה, וְאֵין לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים. הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְהַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְהַשִּׁפְחָה, שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ, יְתֵרוֹת עַל בְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד, כְּתֻבָּתָן מָנֶה, וְאֵין לָהֶן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִין:
(ה) הָאוֹכֵל אֵצֶל חָמִיו בִּיהוּדָה שֶׁלֹּא בְעֵדִים, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְעֹן טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּתְיַחֵד עִמָּהּ. אַחַת אַלְמְנַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַחַת אַלְמְנַת כֹּהֵן, כְּתֻבָּתָן מָנֶה. בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל כֹּהֲנִים הָיוּ גוֹבִין לַבְּתוּלָה אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת זוּז, וְלֹא מִחוּ בְיָדָם חֲכָמִים:
(ו) הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְלֹא מָצָא לָהּ בְּתוּלִים, הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת, מִשֶּׁאֵרַסְתַּנִי נֶאֱנַסְתִּי, וְנִסְתַּחֲפָה שָׂדֶךָ. וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁלֹּא אֵרַסְתִּיךְ, וְהָיָה מִקָּחִי מֶקַּח טָעוּת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמְרִים, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִפִּיהָ אָנוּ חַיִּין, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי זוֹ בְחֶזְקַת בְּעוּלָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִתְאָרֵס, וְהִטְעַתּוּ, עַד שֶׁתָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ:
(ז) הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת מֻכַּת עֵץ אָנִי, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי, אֶלָּא דְרוּסַת אִישׁ אָתְּ, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמְרִים, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִפִּיהָ אָנוּ חַיִּין, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי זוֹ בְחֶזְקַת דְּרוּסַת אִישׁ, עַד שֶׁתָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ:
(ח) רָאוּהָ מְדַבֶּרֶת עִם אֶחָד בַּשּׁוּק, אָמְרוּ לָהּ מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי וְכֹהֵן הוּא. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמְרִים, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִפִּיהָ אָנוּ חַיִּין, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי זוֹ בְחֶזְקַת בְּעוּלָה לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, עַד שֶׁתָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ:
(ט) הָיְתָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת, וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מַה טִּיבוֹ שֶׁל עֻבָּר זֶה. מֵאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי וְכֹהֵן הוּא. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמְרִים, נֶאֱמֶנֶת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִפִּיהָ אָנוּ חַיִּין, אֶלָּא הֲרֵי זוֹ בְחֶזְקַת מְעֻבֶּרֶת לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, עַד שֶׁתָּבִיא רְאָיָה לִדְבָרֶיהָ:
(י) אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מַעֲשֶׂה בְתִינוֹקֶת שֶׁיָּרְדָה לְמַלֹּאת מַיִם מִן הָעַיִן, וְנֶאֱנְסָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, אִם רֹב אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר מַשִּׂיאִין לַכְּהֻנָּה, הֲרֵי זוֹ תִנָּשֵׂא לַכְּהֻנָּה:
(א) הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְגָּרְשָׁה, הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת בְּתוּלָה נְשָׂאתַנִי, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר, לֹא כִי אֶלָּא אַלְמָנָה נְשָׂאתִיךְ, אִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁיָּצָאת בְּהִנּוּמָא וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ מָאתָיִם. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, אַף חִלּוּק קְלָיוֹת רְאָיָה:
(ב) וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ שָׂדֶה זוֹ שֶׁל אָבִיךָ הָיְתָה וּלְקַחְתִּיהָ הֵימֶנּוּ, שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱמָן, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁהִיא שֶׁל אָבִיו וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לְקַחְתִּיהָ הֵימֶנּוּ, אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן:
(ג) הָעֵדִים שֶׁאָמְרוּ כְּתַב יָדֵינוּ הוּא זֶה, אֲבָל אֲנוּסִים הָיִינוּ, קְטַנִּים הָיִינוּ, פְּסוּלֵי עֵדוּת הָיִינוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִים. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁהוּא כְתַב יָדָם אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה כְתַב יָדָם יוֹצֵא מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, אֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין:
(ד) זֶה אוֹמֵר זֶה כְתַב יָדִי וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרִי, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר זֶה כְתַב יָדִי וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרִי, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין. זֶה אוֹמֵר זֶה כְתַב יָדִי וְזֶה אוֹמֵר זֶה כְתַב יָדִי, צְרִיכִים לְצָרֵף עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְצָרֵף עִמָּהֶם אַחֵר, אֶלָּא נֶאֱמָן אָדָם לוֹמַר זֶה כְתַב יָדִי:
(ה) הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ הָיִיתִי וּגְרוּשָׁה אָנִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁהָיְתָה אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת גְּרוּשָׁה אָנִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. אָמְרָה נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, נֶאֱמֶנֶת, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אֵינָהּ נֶאֱמֶנֶת. וְאִם מִשֶּׁנִּשֵּׂאת בָּאוּ עֵדִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ לֹא תֵצֵא:
(ו) שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁנִּשְׁבּוּ, זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, וְזֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אֵינָן נֶאֱמָנוֹת. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהֵן מְעִידוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנוֹת:
(ז) וְכֵן שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים, זֶה אוֹמֵר כֹּהֵן אָנִי וְזֶה אוֹמֵר כֹּהֵן אָנִי, אֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהֵן מְעִידִין זֶה אֶת זֶה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין:
(ח) רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מַעֲלִין לַכְּהֻנָּה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, אֵימָתַי, בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ עוֹרְרִין. אֲבָל בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין עוֹרְרִין, מַעֲלִין לַכְּהֻנָּה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן הַסְּגָן, מַעֲלִין לַכְּהֻנָּה עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד:
(ט) הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּחְבְּשָׁה בִידֵי גוֹיִם עַל יְדֵי מָמוֹן, מֻתֶּרֶת לְבַעְלָהּ. עַל יְדֵי נְפָשׁוֹת, אֲסוּרָה לְבַעְלָהּ. עִיר שֶׁכְּבָשָׁהּ כַּרְכּוֹם, כָּל כֹּהֲנוֹת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בְתוֹכָהּ, פְּסוּלוֹת. וְאִם יֵשׁ לָהֶן עֵדִים, אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין. וְאֵין נֶאֱמָן אָדָם עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי זְכַרְיָה בֶן הַקַּצָּב, הַמָּעוֹן הַזֶּה, לֹא זָזָה יָדָהּ מִתּוֹךְ יָדִי מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ גוֹיִם לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְעַד שֶׁיָּצָאוּ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵין אָדָם מֵעִיד עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ:
(י) וְאֵלוּ נֶאֱמָנִין לְהָעִיד בְּגָדְלָן מָה שֶׁרָאוּ בְקָטְנָן. נֶאֱמָן אָדָם לוֹמַר, זֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אַבָּא, וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי, וְזֶה כְתַב יָדוֹ שֶׁל אָחִי. זָכוּר הָיִיתִי בִפְלוֹנִית שֶׁיָּצְתָה בְהִנּוּמָא, וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ. וְשֶׁהָיָה אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי יוֹצֵא מִבֵּית הַסֵּפֶר לִטְבֹּל לֶאֱכֹל בַּתְּרוּמָה. וְשֶׁהָיָה חוֹלֵק עִמָּנוּ עַל הַגֹּרֶן. וְהַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה בֵּית הַפְּרָס. וְעַד כָּאן הָיִינוּ בָאִין בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אֵין אָדָם נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר, דֶּרֶךְ הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה, מַעֲמָד וּמִסְפֵּד הָיָה לִפְלוֹנִי בַמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה:
(א) אֵלּוּ נְעָרוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס. הַבָּא עַל הַמַּמְזֶרֶת, וְעַל הַנְּתִינָה, וְעַל הַכּוּתִית. הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת, וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה, וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה, שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ פְּחוּתוֹת מִבְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. הַבָּא עַל אֲחוֹתוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אָבִיו, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ, וְעַל אֲחוֹת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וְעַל אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וְעַל הַנִּדָּה, יֵשׁ לָהֶן קְנָס. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן בְּהִכָּרֵת, אֵין בָּהֶן מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין:
(ב) וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, הַבָּא עַל הַגִּיּוֹרֶת וְעַל הַשְּׁבוּיָה וְעַל הַשִּׁפְחָה שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ וְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרוּ וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתַּחְרְרוּ יְתֵרוֹת עַל בְּנוֹת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁנִּפְדֵּית, הֲרֵי הִיא בִקְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגְּדוֹלָה. הַבָּא עַל בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בִּתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנוֹ, עַל בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ, עַל בַּת בְּנָהּ, עַל בַּת בִּתָּהּ, אֵין לָהֶן קְנָס, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שֶׁמִּיתָתוֹ בִידֵי בֵית דִּין. וְכָל הַמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, אֵין מְשַׁלֵּם מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כא) וְלֹא יִהְיֶה אָסוֹן עָנוֹשׁ יֵעָנֵשׁ:
(ג) נַעֲרָה שֶׁנִּתְאָרְסָה וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהּ קְנָס. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, יֶשׁ לָהּ קְנָס, וּקְנָסָהּ לְעַצְמָהּ:
(ד) הַמְפַתֶּה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים, וְהָאוֹנֵס אַרְבָּעָה. הַמְפַתֶּה נוֹתֵן בֹּשֶׁת וּפְגָם וּקְנָס. מוֹסִיף עָלָיו אוֹנֵס, שֶׁנּוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר. מַה בֵּין אוֹנֵס לִמְפַתֶּה. הָאוֹנֵס נוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר, וְהַמְפַתֶּה אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן אֶת הַצַּעַר. הָאוֹנֵס נוֹתֵן מִיָּד, וְהַמְפַתֶּה לִכְשֶׁיּוֹצִיא. הָאוֹנֵס שׁוֹתֶה בַעֲצִיצוֹ, וְהַמְפַתֶּה אִם רָצָה לְהוֹצִיא, מוֹצִיא:
(ה) כֵּיצַד שׁוֹתֶה בַעֲצִיצוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הִיא חִגֶּרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ הִיא סוּמָא, וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה מֻכַּת שְׁחִין. נִמְצָא בָהּ דְּבַר עֶרְוָה, אוֹ שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לָבֹא בְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְקַיְּמָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, (דברים כב) וְלוֹ תִהְיֶה לְאִשָּׁה, אִשָּׁה הָרְאוּיָה לוֹ:
(ו) יְתוֹמָה שֶׁנִּתְאָרְסָה וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, הַמְפַתֶּה פָטוּר, וְהָאוֹנֵס חַיָּב:
(ז) אֵיזוֹהִי בֹשֶׁת, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַמְבַיֵּשׁ וְהַמִּתְבַּיֵּשׁ. פְּגָם, רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא שִׁפְחָה נִמְכֶּרֶת, כַּמָּה הָיְתָה יָפָה וְכַמָּה הִיא יָפָה. קְנָס, שָׁוֶה בְכָל אָדָם. וְכֹל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ קִצְבָּה מִן הַתּוֹרָה, שָׁוֶה בְכָל אָדָם:
(ח) כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ מֶכֶר, אֵין קְנָס. וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ קְנָס, אֵין מֶכֶר. קְטַנָּה יֶשׁ לָהּ מֶכֶר וְאֵין לָהּ קְנָס. נַעֲרָה יֶשׁ לָהּ קְנָס וְאֵין לָהּ מֶכֶר. הַבּוֹגֶרֶת אֵין לָהּ לֹא מֶכֶר וְלֹא קְנָס:
(ט) הָאוֹמֵר פִּתִּיתִי אֶת בִּתּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי, מְשַׁלֵּם בֹּשֶׁת וּפְגָם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם קְנָס. הָאוֹמֵר גָּנַבְתִּי וְטָבַחְתִּי וּמָכָרְתִּי, מְשַׁלֵּם אֶת הַקֶּרֶן עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶפֶל וְתַשְׁלוּמֵי אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה. הֵמִית שׁוֹרִי אֶת פְּלוֹנִי אוֹ שׁוֹרוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי, הֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ. הֵמִית שׁוֹרִי עַבְדּוֹ שֶׁל פְּלוֹנִי, אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל הַמְשַׁלֵּם יָתֵר עַל מַה שֶּׁהִזִּיק, אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם עַל פִּי עַצְמוֹ:
(א) נַעֲרָה שֶׁנִּתְפַּתְּתָה, בָּשְׁתָּהּ וּפְגָמָהּ וּקְנָסָהּ שֶׁל אָבִיהָ, וְהַצַּעַר בַּתְּפוּסָה. עָמְדָה בַדִּין עַד שֶׁלֹּא מֵת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אָב. מֵת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין. לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לַעֲמֹד בַּדִּין עַד שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. עָמְדָה בַדִּין עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָגְרָה, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אָב. מֵת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין. לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לַעֲמוֹד בַּדִּין עַד שֶׁבָּגְרָה, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם לֹא הִסְפִּיקָה לִגְבּוֹת עַד שֶׁמֵּת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל עַצְמָהּ. מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ וּמְצִיאָתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא גָבְתָה, מֵת הָאָב, הֲרֵי הֵן שֶׁל אַחִין:
(ב) הַמְאָרֵס אֶת בִּתּוֹ, וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, אֵרְסָהּ וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ. הִשִּׂיאָהּ וְגֵרְשָׁהּ, הִשִּׂיאָהּ וְנִתְאַרְמְלָה, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל אָב. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מִשֶּׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ, אֵין לְאָבִיהָ רְשׁוּת בָּהּ:
(ג) הַגִּיּוֹרֶת שֶׁנִּתְגַּיְּרָה בִתָּהּ עִמָּהּ, וְזִנְּתָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ בְּחֶנֶק. אֵין לָהּ לֹא פֶתַח בֵּית הָאָב, וְלֹא מֵאָה סָלַע. הָיְתָה הוֹרָתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בִקְדֻשָּׁה וְלֵדָתָהּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה, הֲרֵי זוֹ בִסְקִילָה. אֵין לָהּ לֹא פֶתַח בֵּית הָאָב וְלֹא מֵאָה סָלַע. הָיְתָה הוֹרָתָהּ וְלֵדָתָהּ בִּקְדֻשָּׁה, הֲרֵי הִיא כְבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְכָל דָּבָר. יֶשׁ לָהּ אָב וְאֵין לָהּ פֶּתַח בֵּית הָאָב, יֶשׁ לָהּ פֶּתַח בֵּית הָאָב וְאֵין לָהּ אָב, הֲרֵי זוֹ בִסְקִילָה. לֹא נֶאֱמַר פֶּתַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ, אֶלָּא לְמִצְוָה:
(ד) הָאָב זַכַּאי בְבִתּוֹ בְקִדּוּשֶׁיהָ, בַּכֶּסֶף בַּשְּׁטָר וּבַבִּיאָה, וְזַכַּאי בִּמְצִיאָתָהּ, וּבְמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּבַהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּטָּהּ, וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. נִשֵּׂאת, יָתֵר עָלָיו הַבַּעַל שֶׁאוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ, וְחַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ, בְּפִרְקוֹנָהּ, וּבִקְבוּרָתָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ עָנִי שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא יִפְחֹת מִשְּׁנֵי חֲלִילִים וּמְקוֹנָנֶת:
(ה) לְעוֹלָם הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הָאָב, עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל לַנִּשּׂוּאִין. מָסַר הָאָב לִשְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבָּעַל. הָלַךְ הָאָב עִם שְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, אוֹ שֶׁהָלְכוּ שְׁלוּחֵי הָאָב עִם שְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הָאָב. מָסְרוּ שְׁלוּחֵי הָאָב לִשְׁלוּחֵי הַבַּעַל, הֲרֵי הִיא בִרְשׁוּת הַבָּעַל:
(ו) הָאָב אֵינוֹ חַיָּב בִּמְזוֹנוֹת בִּתּוֹ. זֶה מִדְרָשׁ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה לִפְנֵי חֲכָמִים בַּכֶּרֶם בְּיַבְנֶה, הַבָּנִים יִירְשׁוּ וְהַבָּנוֹת יִזּוֹנוּ, מָה הַבָּנִים אֵינָן יוֹרְשִׁין אֶלָּא לְאַחַר מִיתַת הָאָב, אַף הַבָּנוֹת אֵינָן נִזּוֹנוֹת אֶלָּא לְאַחַר מִיתַת אֲבִיהֶן:
(ז) לֹא כָתַב לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה, בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם, וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין. כָּתַב לָהּ, שָׂדֶה שָׁוֶה מָנֶה תַּחַת מָאתַיִם זוּז, וְלֹא כָתַב לָהּ, כָּל נְכָסִים דְּאִית לִי אַחֲרָאִין לִכְתֻבְּתִיךְ, חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין:
(ח) לֹא כָתַב לָהּ, אִם תִּשְׁתַּבָּאִי אֶפְרְקִנָּךְ וְאוֹתְבִנָּךְ לִי לְאִנְתּוּ, וּבְכֹהֶנֶת, אֲהַדְרִנָּךְ לִמְדִינְתָּךְ, חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין:
(ט) נִשְׁבֵּית, חַיָּב לִפְדּוֹתָהּ. וְאִם אָמַר, הֲרֵי גִטָּהּ וּכְתֻבָּתָהּ, תִּפְדֶה אֶת עַצְמָהּ, אֵינוֹ רַשָּׁאי. לָקְתָה, חַיָּב לְרַפֹּאתָהּ. אָמַר, הֲרֵי גִטָּהּ וּכְתֻבָּתָהּ, תְּרַפֵּא אֶת עַצְמָהּ, רַשָּׁאי:
(י) לֹא כָתַב לָהּ, בְּנִין דִּכְרִין דְּיֶהֱווֹן לִיכִי מִנַּאי אִנּוּן יִרְתוּן כְּסַף כְּתֻבְּתִיךְ יָתֵר עַל חוּלְקֵיהוֹן דְּעִם אֲחוּהוֹן, חַיָּב שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין:
(יא) בְּנָן נֻקְבִין דְּיֶהֶוְיָן לִיכִי מִנַּאי, יֶהֶוְיָן יָתְבָן בְּבֵיתִי וּמִתְּזָנָן מִנִּכְסַי עַד דְּתִנַּסְּבָן לְגֻבְרִין, חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין:
(יב) אַתְּ תְּהֵא יָתְבָא בְּבֵיתִי וּמִתְּזָנָא מִנִּכְסַי, כָּל יְמֵי מִגַּד אַלְמְנוּתִיךְ בְּבֵיתִי, חַיָּב, שֶׁהוּא תְנַאי בֵּית דִּין. כָּךְ הָיוּ אַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם כּוֹתְבִין. אַנְשֵׁי גָלִיל הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין כְּאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלָיִם. אַנְשֵׁי יְהוּדָה הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין, עַד שֶׁיִּרְצוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁים לִתֵּן לִיךְ כְּתֻבְּתִיךְ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם רָצוּ הַיּוֹרְשִׁין, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ כְּתֻבָּתָהּ וּפוֹטְרִין אוֹתָהּ:
(א) אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרוּ, בְּתוּלָה גוֹבָה מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, אִם רָצָה לְהוֹסִיף, אֲפִלּוּ מֵאָה מָנֶה, יוֹסִיף. נִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, בֵּין מִן הָאֵרוּסִין בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר, מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל. מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה, שֶׁלֹּא כָתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכָנְסָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם רָצָה, כּוֹתֵב לִבְתוּלָה שְׁטָר שֶׁל מָאתַיִם, וְהִיא כוֹתֶבֶת, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ מָנֶה, וּלְאַלְמָנָה, מָנֶה, וְהִיא כוֹתֶבֶת, הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי מִמְּךָ חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַפּוֹחֵת לִבְתוּלָה מִמָּאתַיִם וּלְאַלְמָנָה מִמָּנֶה, הֲרֵי זוֹ בְעִילַת זְנוּת:
(ב) נוֹתְנִין לִבְתוּלָה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ מִשֶּׁתְּבָעָהּ הַבַּעַל לְפַרְנֵס אֶת עַצְמָהּ. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין לָאִשָּׁה, כָּךְ נוֹתְנִין לָאִישׁ לְפַרְנֵס אֶת עַצְמוֹ. וּלְאַלְמָנָה שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הִגִּיעַ זְמָן וְלֹא נִשָּׂאוּ, אוֹכְלוֹת מִשֶּׁלּוֹ וְאוֹכְלוֹת בַּתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ הַכֹּל תְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מֶחֱצָה חֻלִּין וּמֶחֱצָה תְרוּמָה:
(ג) הַיָּבָם אֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל בַּתְּרוּמָה. עָשְׂתָה שִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים בִּפְנֵי הַבַּעַל וְשִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים בִּפְנֵי הַיָּבָם, וַאֲפִלּוּ כֻלָּן בִּפְנֵי הַבַּעַל חָסֵר יוֹם אֶחָד בִּפְנֵי הַיָּבָם, אוֹ כֻלָּן בִּפְנֵי הַיָּבָם חָסֵר יוֹם אֶחָד בִּפְנֵי הַבַּעַל, אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה. זוֹ מִשְׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל אַחֲרֵיהֶן אָמְרוּ, אֵין הָאִשָּׁה אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, עַד שֶׁתִּכָּנֵס לַחֻפָּה:
(ד) הַמַּקְדִּישׁ מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי זוֹ עוֹשָׂה וְאוֹכֶלֶת. הַמּוֹתָר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הֶקְדֵּשׁ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הַסַּנְדְּלָר אוֹמֵר, חֻלִּין:
(ה) אֵלּוּ מְלָאכוֹת שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה עוֹשָׂה לְבַעְלָהּ, טוֹחֶנֶת, וְאוֹפָה, וּמְכַבֶּסֶת, מְבַשֶּׁלֶת, וּמֵנִיקָה אֶת בְּנָהּ, מַצַּעַת לוֹ הַמִּטָּה, וְעוֹשָׂה בַצֶּמֶר. הִכְנִיסָה לוֹ שִׁפְחָה אַחַת, לֹא טוֹחֶנֶת, וְלֹא אוֹפָה וְלֹא מְכַבֶּסֶת. שְׁתַּיִם, אֵינָהּ מְבַשֶּׁלֶת וְאֵינָהּ מֵנִיקָה אֶת בְּנָהּ. שָׁלֹשׁ, אֵינָהּ מַצַּעַת לוֹ הַמִּטָּה וְאֵינָהּ עוֹשָׂה בַצֶּמֶר. אַרְבָּעָה, יוֹשֶׁבֶת בַּקַּתֶּדְרָא. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ הִכְנִיסָה לוֹ מֵאָה שְׁפָחוֹת, כּוֹפָהּ לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּצֶּמֶר, שֶׁהַבַּטָּלָה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי זִמָּה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִלַּעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, שֶׁהַבַּטָּלָה מְבִיאָה לִידֵי שִׁעֲמוּם:
(ו) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִתַּשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שְׁתֵּי שַׁבָּתוֹת. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת. הַתַּלְמִידִים יוֹצְאִין לְתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה שֶׁלֹּא בִרְשׁוּת, שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הַפּוֹעֲלִים, שַׁבָּת אֶחָת. הָעוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַתּוֹרָה, הַטַּיָּלִין, בְּכָל יוֹם. הַפּוֹעֲלִים, שְׁתַּיִם בַּשַּׁבָּת. הַחַמָּרִים, אַחַת בַּשַּׁבָּת. הַגַּמָּלִים, אַחַת לִשְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. הַסַּפָּנִים, אַחַת לְשִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר:
(ז) הַמּוֹרֶדֶת עַל בַּעְלָהּ, פּוֹחֲתִין לָהּ מִכְּתֻבָּתָהּ שִׁבְעָה דִינָרִין בַּשַּׁבָּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁבְעָה טַרְפְּעִיקִין. עַד מָתַי הוּא פוֹחֵת, עַד כְּנֶגֶד כְּתֻבָּתָהּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם הוּא פוֹחֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ, שֶׁמָּא תִפּוֹל לָהּ יְרֻשָּׁה מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר, גּוֹבֶה הֵימֶנָּה. וְכֵן הַמּוֹרֵד עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, מוֹסִיפִין לָהּ עַל כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה דִינָרִין בַּשַּׁבָּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁלֹשָׁה טַרְפְּעִיקִין:
(ח) הַמַּשְׁרֶה אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ עַל יְדֵי שָׁלִישׁ, לֹא יִפְחֹת לָהּ מִשְּׁנֵי קַבִּין חִטִּין, אוֹ מֵאַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין שְׂעוֹרִים. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא פָסַק לָהּ שְׂעוֹרִים אֶלָּא רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל שֶׁהָיָה סָמוּךְ לֶאֱדוֹם. וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ חֲצִי קַב קִטְנִית וַחֲצִי לֹג שֶׁמֶן, וְקַב גְּרוֹגָרוֹת, אוֹ מָנֶה דְבֵלָה. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ, פּוֹסֵק לְעֻמָּתָן פֵּרוֹת מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר. וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ מִטָּה, מַפָּץ, וּמַחֲצֶלֶת. וְנוֹתֵן לָהּ כִּפָּה לְרֹאשָׁהּ, וַחֲגוֹר לְמָתְנֶיהָ, וּמִנְעָלִים מִמּוֹעֵד לְמוֹעֵד, וְכֵלִים שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז מִשָּׁנָה לְשָׁנָה. וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לָהּ, לֹא חֲדָשִׁים בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, וְלֹא שְׁחָקִים בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ כֵּלִים שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים זוּז בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, וְהִיא מִתְכַּסָּה בִבְלָאוֹתֵיהֶן בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, וְהַשְּׁחָקִים שֶׁלָּהּ:
(ט) נוֹתֵן לָהּ מָעָה כֶסֶף לְצָרְכָּהּ, וְאוֹכֶלֶת עִמּוֹ מִלֵּילֵי שַׁבָּת לְלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת. וְאִם אֵין נוֹתֵן לָהּ מָעָה כֶסֶף לְצָרְכָּהּ, מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ שֶׁלָּהּ. וּמַה הִיא עוֹשָׂה לוֹ, מִשְׁקַל חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שְׁתִי בִּיהוּדָה, שֶׁהֵן עֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל, אוֹ מִשְׁקַל עֶשֶׂר סְלָעִים עֵרֶב בִּיהוּדָה, שֶׁהֵן עֶשְׂרִים סְלָעִים בַּגָּלִיל. וְאִם הָיְתָה מֵנִיקָה, פּוֹחֲתִים לָהּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּמוֹסִיפִין לָהּ עַל מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּעָנִי שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. אֲבָל בִּמְכֻבָּד, הַכֹּל לְפִי כְבוֹדוֹ:
(א) מְצִיאַת הָאִשָּׁה וּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, לְבַעְלָהּ. וִירֻשָּׁתָהּ, הוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. בָּשְׁתָּהּ וּפְגָמָהּ, שֶׁלָּהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, בִּזְמַן שֶׁבַּסֵּתֶר, לָהּ שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים, וְלוֹ אֶחָד. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁבַּגָּלוּי, לוֹ שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים, וְלָהּ אֶחָד. שֶׁלּוֹ, יִנָּתֵן מִיָּד. וְשֶׁלָּהּ, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת:
(ב) הַפּוֹסֵק מָעוֹת לַחֲתָנוֹ, וּמֵת חֲתָנוֹ, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, יָכוֹל הוּא שֶׁיֹּאמַר, לְאָחִיךָ הָיִיתִי רוֹצֶה לִתֵּן, וּלְךָ אִי אֶפְשִׁי לִתֵּן:
(ג) פָּסְקָה לְהַכְנִיס לוֹ אֶלֶף דִּינָר, הוּא פוֹסֵק כְּנֶגְדָּן חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר מָנֶה. וּכְנֶגֶד הַשּׁוּם, הוּא פוֹסֵק פָּחוֹת חֹמֶשׁ. שׁוּם בְּמָנֶה וְשָׁוֶה מָנֶה, אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא מָנֶה. שׁוּם בְּמָנֶה, הִיא נוֹתֶנֶת שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד סֶלַע וְדִינָר. וּבְאַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת, הִיא נוֹתֶנֶת חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת. מַה שֶּׁחָתָן פּוֹסֵק, הוּא פוֹסֵק פָּחוֹת חֹמֶשׁ:
(ד) פָּסְקָה לְהַכְנִיס לוֹ כְסָפִים, סֶלַע כֶּסֶף נַעֲשֶׂה שִׁשָּׁה דִינָרִים. הֶחָתָן מְקַבֵּל עָלָיו עֲשָׂרָה דִינָרִין לַקֻּפָּה, לְכָל מָנֶה וּמָנֶה. רַבָּן שְׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, הַכֹּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה:
(ה) הַמַּשִּׂיא אֶת בִּתּוֹ סְתָם, לֹא יִפְחֹת לָהּ מֵחֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. פָּסַק לְהַכְנִיסָהּ עֲרֻמָּה, לֹא יֹאמַר הַבַּעַל כְּשֶׁאַכְנִיסָהּ לְבֵיתִי אֲכַסֶּנָּה בִכְסוּתִי, אֶלָּא מְכַסָּהּ וְעוֹדָהּ בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ. וְכֵן הַמַּשִּׂיא אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה, לֹא יִפְחֹת לָהּ מֵחֲמִשִּׁים זוּז. אִם יֵשׁ בַּכִּיס, מְפַרְנְסִין אוֹתָהּ לְפִי כְבוֹדָהּ:
(ו) יְתוֹמָה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאַתָּה אִמָּהּ אוֹ אַחֶיהָ מִדַּעְתָּהּ, וְכָתְבוּ לָהּ בְּמֵאָה אוֹ בַחֲמִשִּׁים זוּז, יְכוֹלָה הִיא מִשֶּׁתַּגְדִּיל לְהוֹצִיא מִיָּדָן מַה שֶּׁרָאוּי לְהִנָּתֵן לָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הִשִּׂיא אֶת הַבַּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, יִנָּתֵן לַשְּׁנִיָּה כְדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנָּתַן לָרִאשׁוֹנָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פְּעָמִים שֶׁאָדָם עָנִי וְהֶעֱשִׁיר אוֹ עָשִׁיר וְהֶעֱנִי, אֶלָּא שָׁמִין אֶת הַנְּכָסִים וְנוֹתְנִין לָהּ:
(ז) הַמַּשְׁלִישׁ מָעוֹת לְבִתּוֹ, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת נֶאֱמָן בַּעְלִי עָלָי, יַעֲשֶׂה הַשָּׁלִישׁ מַה שֶׁהֻשְׁלַשׁ בְּיָדוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, וְכִי אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא שָׂדֶה וְהִיא רוֹצָה לְמָכְרָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא מְכוּרָה מֵעַכְשָׁיו. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּגְדוֹלָה. אֲבָל בִּקְטַנָּה, אֵין מַעֲשֵׂה קְטַנָּה כְלוּם:
(א) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ מִלֵּהָנוֹת לוֹ, עַד שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם, יַעֲמִיד פַּרְנָס. יָתֵר מִכֵּן, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם, וּשְׁנַיִם, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. וּבְכֹהֶנֶת, שְׁנַיִם יְקַיֵּם, וּשְׁלֹשָׁה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה:
(ב) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תִטְעֹם אַחַד מִכָּל הַפֵּרוֹת, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, יוֹם אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם, שְׁנַיִם, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. וּבְכֹהֶנֶת, שְׁנַיִם יְקַיֵּם, שְׁלֹשָׁה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה:
(ג) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תִתְקַשֵּׁט בְּאַחַד מִכָּל הַמִּינִין, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בַּעֲנִיּוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא נָתַן קִצְבָּה. וּבַעֲשִׁירוֹת, שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם:
(ד) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תֵלֵךְ לְבֵית אָבִיהָ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא עִמָּהּ בָּעִיר, חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם. שְׁנַיִם, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בְעִיר אַחֶרֶת, רֶגֶל אֶחָד יְקַיֵּם. שְׁלֹשָׁה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה:
(ה) הַמַּדִּיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא תֵלֵךְ לְבֵית הָאֵבֶל אוֹ לְבֵית הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנּוֹעֵל בְּפָנֶיהָ. וְאִם הָיָה טוֹעֵן מִשּׁוּם דָּבָר אַחֵר, רַשָּׁאי. אָמַר לָהּ, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתֹּאמְרִי לִפְלוֹנִי מַה שֶּׁאָמַרְתְּ לִי אוֹ מַה שֶּׁאָמַרְתִּי לָךְ, אוֹ שֶׁתְּהֵא מְמַלְּאָה וּמְעָרָה לָאַשְׁפָּה, יוֹצִיא וְיִתֵּן כְּתֻבָּה:
(ו) וְאֵלּוּ יוֹצְאוֹת שֶׁלֹּא בִכְתֻבָּה, הָעוֹבֶרֶת עַל דַּת מֹשֶׁה וִיהוּדִית. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא דַּת מֹשֶׁה, מַאֲכִילָתוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְעֻשָּׂר, וּמְשַׁמַּשְׁתּוֹ נִדָּה, וְלֹא קוֹצָה לָהּ חַלָּה, וְנוֹדֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ מְקַיֶּמֶת. וְאֵיזוֹהִי דַת יְהוּדִית, יוֹצְאָה וְרֹאשָׁהּ פָּרוּעַ, וְטוֹוָה בַשּׁוּק, וּמְדַבֶּרֶת עִם כָּל אָדָם. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְקַלֶּלֶת יוֹלְדָיו בְּפָנָיו. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקּוֹלָנִית. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא קוֹלָנִית, לִכְשֶׁהִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ וּשְׁכֵנֶיהָ שׁוֹמְעִין קוֹלָהּ:
(ז) הַמְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ נְדָרִים וְנִמְצְאוּ עָלֶיהָ נְדָרִים, אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. כְּנָסָהּ סְתָם וְנִמְצְאוּ עָלֶיהָ נְדָרִים, תֵּצֵא שֶׁלֹּא בִכְתֻבָּה. עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ מוּמִין וְנִמְצְאוּ בָהּ מוּמִין, אֵינָהּ מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת. כְּנָסָהּ סְתָם וְנִמְצְאוּ בָהּ מוּמִין, תֵּצֵא שֶׁלֹּא בִכְתֻבָּה. כָּל הַמּוּמִין הַפּוֹסְלִין בַּכֹּהֲנִים, פּוֹסְלִין בַּנָּשִׁים:
(ח) הָיוּ בָהּ מוּמִין וְעוֹדָהּ בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ, הָאָב צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָה שֶׁמִּשֶּׁנִּתְאָרְסָה נוֹלְדוּ בָהּ מוּמִין הַלָּלוּ וְנִסְתַּחֲפָה שָׂדֵהוּ. נִכְנְסָה לִרְשׁוּת הַבַּעַל, הַבַּעַל צָרִיךְ לְהָבִיא רְאָיָה שֶׁעַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְאָרְסָה הָיוּ בָהּ מוּמִין אֵלּוּ וְהָיָה מִקָּחוֹ מֶקַּח טָעוּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוּמִין שֶׁבַּסֵּתֶר. אֲבָל בְּמוּמִין שֶׁבַּגָּלוּי, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְעֹן. וְאִם יֵשׁ מֶרְחָץ בְּאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, אַף מוּמִין שֶׁבַּסֵּתֶר אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְעֹן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בוֹדְקָהּ בִּקְרוֹבוֹתָיו:
(ט) הָאִישׁ שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ בוֹ מוּמִין, אֵין כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בַּמּוּמִין הַקְּטַנִּים. אֲבָל בַּמּוּמִין הַגְּדוֹלִים, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא:
(י) וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁכּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לְהוֹצִיא, מֻכֵּה שְׁחִין, וּבַעַל פּוֹלִיפּוֹס, וְהַמְקַמֵּץ, וְהַמְצָרֵף נְחֹשֶׁת, וְהַבֻּרְסִי, בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ בָם עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִשְּׂאוּ וּבֵין מִשֶּׁנִּשְּׂאוּ נוֹלָדוּ. וְעַל כֻּלָּן אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִתְנָה עִמָּהּ, יְכוֹלָהּ הִיא שֶׁתֹּאמַר, סְבוּרָה הָיִיתִי שֶׁאֲנִי יְכוֹלָהּ לְקַבֵּל, וְעַכְשָׁיו אֵינִי יְכוֹלָה לְקַבֵּל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְקַבֶּלֶת הִיא עַל כָּרְחָהּ, חוּץ מִמֻּכֵּה שְׁחִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּמִקָּתוֹ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְצִידוֹן בְּבֻרְסִי אֶחָד שֶׁמֵּת וְהָיָה לוֹ אָח בֻּרְסִי, אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, יְכוֹלָה הִיא שֶׁתֹּאמַר, לְאָחִיךָ הָיִיתִי יְכוֹלָה לְקַבֵּל, וּלְךָ אֵינִי יְכוֹלָה לְקַבֵּל:
(א) הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִתְאָרֵס, מוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁמּוֹכֶרֶת וְנוֹתֶנֶת וְקַיָּם. נָפְלוּ לָהּ מִשֶּׁנִּתְאָרְסָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, תִּמְכֹּר, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לֹא תִמְכֹּר. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מוֹדִים, שֶׁאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, קַיָּם. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הוֹאִיל וְזָכָה בָאִשָּׁה, לֹא יִזְכֶּה בַנְּכָסִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, עַל הַחֲדָשִׁים אָנוּ בוֹשִׁין, אֶלָּא שָׁאַתֶּם מְגַלְגְּלִין עָלֵינוּ אֶת הַיְשָׁנִים. נָפְלוּ לָהּ מִשֶּׁנִּשֵּׂאת, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מוֹדִים שֶׁאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה שֶׁהַבַּעַל מוֹצִיא מִיַּד הַלָּקוֹחוֹת. עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִשֵּׂאת וְנִשֵּׂאת, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, קַיָּם. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן עֲקִיבָא, אָמְרוּ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, הוֹאִיל וְזָכָה בָאִשָּׁה, לֹא יִזְכֶּה בַנְּכָסִים. אָמַר לָהֶם, עַל הַחֲדָשִׁים אָנוּ בוֹשִׁין, אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתֶּם מְגַלְגְּלִים עָלֵינוּ אֶת הַיְשָׁנִים:
(ב) רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן חוֹלֵק בֵּין נְכָסִים לִנְכָסִים. נְכָסִים הַיְדוּעִים לַבַּעַל, לֹא תִמְכֹּר. וְאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, בָּטֵל. שֶׁאֵינָן יְדוּעִים לַבַּעַל, לֹא תִמְכֹּר. וְאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, קַיָּם:
(ג) נָפְלוּ לָהּ כְּסָפִים, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. פֵּרוֹת הַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וְהַמְחֻבָּרִין בַּקַּרְקַע, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, שָׁמִין אוֹתָן כַּמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּפֵרוֹת וְכַמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְהַמּוֹתָר, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלָּהּ, וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת:
(ד) רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁיָּפֶה כֹחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, הוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. מְקוֹם שֶׁהוּרַע כֹּחוֹ בִכְנִיסָתָהּ, יָפֶה כֹחוֹ בִיצִיאָתָהּ. פֵּרוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, בִּכְנִיסָתָהּ שֶׁלָּהּ וּבִיצִיאָתָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ:
(ה) נָפְלוּ לָהּ עֲבָדִים וּשְׁפָחוֹת זְקֵנִים, יִמָּכְרוּ וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא תִמְכֹּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן שְׁבַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ. נָפְלוּ לָהּ זֵיתִים וּגְפָנִים זְקֵנִים, יִמָּכְרוּ לְעֵצִים וְיִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לֹא תִמְכֹּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן שְׁבַח בֵּית אָבִיהָ. הַמּוֹצִיא הוֹצָאוֹת עַל נִכְסֵי אִשְׁתּוֹ, הוֹצִיא הַרְבֵּה וְאָכַל קִמְעָא, קִמְעָא וְאָכַל הַרְבֵּה, מַה שֶּׁהוֹצִיא הוֹצִיא, וּמַה שֶּׁאָכַל אָכָל. הוֹצִיא וְלֹא אָכַל, יִשָּׁבַע כַּמָּה הוֹצִיא וְיִטֹּל:
(ו) שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים, מוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁמּוֹכֶרֶת וְנוֹתֶנֶת וְקַיָּם. מֵתָה, מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ בִכְתֻבָּתָהּ וּבַנְּכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִין וְהַיּוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲלֹקוּ יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל עִם יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נְכָסִים בְּחֶזְקָתָן, כְּתֻבָּה בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל, נְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְהַיּוֹצְאִים עִמָּהּ בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב:
(ז) הִנִּיחַ אָחִיו מָעוֹת, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. פֵּרוֹת הַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. הַמְחֻבָּרִין בַּקַּרְקַע, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, שָׁמִין אוֹתָן כַּמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּפֵרוֹת וְכַמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְהַמּוֹתָר, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פֵּרוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִים בַּקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם זָכָה בָהֶן. קָדַם הוּא, זָכָה. קָדְמָה הִיא, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. כְּנָסָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְאִשְׁתּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן:
(ח) לֹא יֹאמַר לָהּ, הֲרֵי כְתֻבְּתִיךְ מֻנַּחַת עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֶלָּא כָּל נְכָסָיו אַחֲרָאִין לַכְּתֻבָּה. וְכֵן לֹא יֹאמַר אָדָם לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, הֲרֵי כְתֻבְּתִיךְ מֻנַּחַת עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, אֶלָּא כָל נְכָסָיו אַחֲרָאִין לִכְתֻבָּתָהּ. גֵּרְשָׁהּ, אֵין לָהּ אֶלָּא כְתֻבָּתָהּ. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְּכָל הַנָּשִׁים וְאֵין לָהּ אֶלָּא כְתֻבָּתָהּ בִּלְבָד:
(א) הַכּוֹתֵב לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִנְכָסַיִךְ, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. וְאִם מֵתָה, יוֹרְשָׁהּ. אִם כֵּן לָמָּה כָתַב לָהּ דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִנְכָסַיִךְ, שֶׁאִם מָכְרָה וְנָתְנָה, קַיָּם. כָּתַב לָהּ, דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִנְכָסַיִךְ וּבְפֵרוֹתֵיהֶן, הֲרֵי זֶה אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. וְאִם מֵתָה, יוֹרְשָׁהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם אוֹכֵל פֵּרֵי פֵרוֹת, עַד שֶׁיִּכְתֹּב לָהּ דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִנְכָסַיִךְ וּבְפֵרוֹתֵיהֶן וּבְפֵרֵי פֵרוֹתֵיהֶן עַד עוֹלָם. כָּתַב לָהּ, דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בִנְכָסַיִךְ וּבְפֵרוֹתֵיהֶן וּבְפֵרֵי פֵרוֹתֵיהֶן בְּחַיַּיִךְ וּבְמוֹתֵךְ, אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. וְאִם מֵתָה, אֵינוֹ יוֹרְשָׁהּ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם מֵתָה, יִירָשֶׁנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִתְנָה עַל מַה שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה, וְכָל הַמַּתְנֶה עַל מַה שֶּׁכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה, תְּנָאוֹ בָטֵל:
(ב) מִי שֶׁמֵּת וְהִנִּיחַ אִשָּׁה וּבַעַל חוֹב וְיוֹרְשִׁין, וְהָיָה לוֹ פִקָּדוֹן אוֹ מִלְוֶה בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ לַכּוֹשֵׁל שֶׁבָּהֶן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְרַחֲמִין בַּדִּין, אֶלָּא יִנָּתְנוּ לַיּוֹרְשִׁין, שֶׁכֻּלָּן צְרִיכִין שְׁבוּעָה וְאֵין הַיּוֹרְשִׁין צְרִיכִין שְׁבוּעָה:
(ג) הִנִּיחַ פֵּרוֹת תְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם זָכָה בָהֶן. זָכְתָה אִשָּׁה יוֹתֵר מִכְּתֻבָּתָהּ, וּבַעַל חוֹב יוֹתֵר עַל חוֹבוֹ, הַמּוֹתָר, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ לַכּוֹשֵׁל שֶׁבָּהֶן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְרַחֲמִין בַּדִּין, אֶלָּא יִנָּתְנוּ לַיּוֹרְשִׁים, שֶׁכֻּלָּם צְרִיכִין שְׁבוּעָה וְאֵין הַיּוֹרְשִׁים צְרִיכִין שְׁבוּעָה:
(ד) הַמּוֹשִׁיב אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ חֶנְוָנִית אוֹ שֶׁמִּנָּהּ אַפּוֹטְרוֹפָּא, הֲרֵי זֶה מַשְׁבִּיעָהּ כָּל זְמָן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ עַל פִּלְכָּהּ וְעַל עִסָּתָהּ:
(ה) כָּתַב לָהּ, נֶדֶר וּשְׁבוּעָה אֵין לִי עָלָיִךְ, אֵין יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁבִּיעָהּ, אֲבָל מַשְׁבִּיעַ הוּא אֶת יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ וְאֶת הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. נֶדֶר וּשְׁבוּעָה אֵין לִי עָלַיִךְ וְעַל יוֹרְשַׁיִךְ וְעַל הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתִיךְ, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁבִּיעָהּ, לֹא הִיא וְלֹא יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ וְלֹא אֶת הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. אֲבָל יוֹרְשָׁיו מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ, וְאֶת יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ וְאֶת הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ. נֶדֶר וּשְׁבוּעָה אֵין לִי וְלֹא לְיוֹרְשַׁי וְלֹא לַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתִי עָלַיִךְ וְעַל יוֹרְשַׁיִךְ וְעַל הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתִיךְ, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַשְׁבִּיעָהּ, לֹא הוּא וְלֹא יוֹרְשָׁיו וְלֹא הַבָּאִים בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, לֹא אוֹתָהּ וְלֹא יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ וְלֹא הַבָּאִין בִּרְשׁוּתָהּ:
(ו) הָלְכָה מִקֶּבֶר בַּעְלָהּ לְבֵית אָבִיהָ אוֹ שֶׁחָזְרָה לְבֵית חָמִיהָ, וְלֹא נַעֲשֵׂית אַפּוֹטְרוֹפָּא, אֵין הַיּוֹרְשִׁין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ. וְאִם נַעֲשֵׂית אַפּוֹטְרוֹפָּא, הַיּוֹרְשִׁין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ עַל הֶעָתִיד לָבֹא וְאֵין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ עַל מַה שֶּׁעָבָר:
(ז) הַפּוֹגֶמֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. עֵד אֶחָד מְעִידָהּ שֶׁהִיא פְרוּעָה, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים וּמִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִין וְשֶׁלֹּא בְפָנָיו, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה:
(ח) הַפּוֹגֶמֶת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ כֵּיצַד, הָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אֶלֶף זוּז, וְאָמַר לָהּ הִתְקַבַּלְתְּ כְּתֻבָּתֵךְ, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא הִתְקַבַּלְתִּי אֶלָּא מָנֶה, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. עֵד אֶחָד מְעִידָהּ שֶׁהִיא פְרוּעָה כֵּיצַד, הָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אֶלֶף זוּז, וְאָמַר לָהּ הִתְקַבַּלְתְּ כְּתֻבָּתֵךְ, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא הִתְקַבָּלְתִּי, וְעֵד אֶחָד מְעִידָהּ שֶׁהִיא פְרוּעָה, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים כֵּיצַד, מָכַר נְכָסָיו לַאֲחֵרִים, וְהִיא נִפְרַעַת מִן הַלָּקוֹחוֹת, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים כֵּיצַד, מֵת וְהִנִּיחַ נְכָסָיו לַיְתוֹמִים, וְהִיא נִפְרַעַת מִן הַיְתוֹמִים, לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. וְשֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו כֵּיצַד, הָלַךְ לוֹ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וְהִיא נִפְרַעַת שֶׁלֹּא בְפָנָיו, אֵינָהּ נִפְרַעַת אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא תוֹבַעַת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, הַיּוֹרְשִׁין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ. וְאִם אֵינָהּ תּוֹבַעַת כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, אֵין הַיּוֹרְשִׁין מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָהּ:
(ט) הוֹצִיאָה גֵט וְאֵין עִמּוֹ כְתֻבָּה, גּוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ. כְּתֻבָּה וְאֵין עִמָּהּ גֵּט, הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת אָבַד גִּטִּי וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אָבַד שׁוֹבְרִי, וְכֵן בַּעַל חוֹב שֶׁהוֹצִיא שְׁטָר חוֹב וְאֵין עִמּוֹ פְרוֹזְבּוּל, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ לֹא יִפָּרֵעוּ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִן הַסַּכָּנָה וְאֵילָךְ, אִשָּׁה גוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁלֹּא בְגֵט, וּבַעַל חוֹב גּוֹבֶה שֶׁלֹּא בִפְרוֹזְבּוּל. שְׁנֵי גִטִּין וּשְׁתֵּי כְתֻבּוֹת, גּוֹבָה שְׁתֵּי כְתֻבּוֹת. שְׁתֵּי כְתֻבּוֹת וְגֵט אֶחָד, אוֹ כְתֻבָּה וּשְׁנֵי גִטִּין, אוֹ כְתֻבָּה וְגֵט וּמִיתָה, אֵינָהּ גּוֹבָה אֶלָּא כְתֻבָּה אַחַת, שֶׁהַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, עַל מְנָת כְּתֻבָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מַחֲזִירָהּ. קָטָן שֶׁהִשִּׂיאוֹ אָבִיו, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ קַיֶּמֶת, שֶׁעַל מְנָת כֵּן קִיְּמָהּ. גֵּר שֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר וְאִשְׁתּוֹ עִמּוֹ, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ קַיֶּמֶת, שֶׁעַל מְנָת כֵּן קִיְּמָהּ:
(א) מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים וּמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה קוֹדֶמֶת לַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְיוֹרְשֵׁי הָרִאשׁוֹנָה קוֹדְמִין לְיוֹרְשֵׁי שְׁנִיָּה. נָשָׂא אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וָמֵתָה, נָשָׂא שְׁנִיָּה וּמֵת הוּא, שְׁנִיָּה וְיוֹרְשֶׁיהָ קוֹדְמִים לְיוֹרְשֵׁי הָרִאשׁוֹנָה:
(ב) מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים וּמֵתוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת הוּא, וִיתוֹמִים מְבַקְשִׁים כְּתֻבַּת אִמָּן וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּי כְתֻבּוֹת, חוֹלְקִין בְּשָׁוֶה. הָיָה שָׁם מוֹתַר דִּינָר, אֵלּוּ נוֹטְלִין כְּתֻבַּת אִמָּן וְאֵלּוּ נוֹטְלִין כְּתֻבַּת אִמָּן. אִם אָמְרוּ יְתוֹמִים, אֲנַחְנוּ מַעֲלִים עַל נִכְסֵי אָבִינוּ יָתֵר דִּינָר, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּטְּלוּ כְתֻבַּת אִמָּן, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לָהֶן, אֶלָּא שָׁמִין אֶת הַנְּכָסִים בְּבֵית דִּין:
(ג) הָיוּ שָׁם נְכָסִים בָּרָאוּי, אֵינָן כְּבַמֻּחְזָק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ יֶשׁ שָׁם נְכָסִים שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אַחֲרָיוּת, אֵינוֹ כְלוּם, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ שָׁם נְכָסִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן אַחֲרָיוּת יוֹתֵר עַל שְׁתֵּי הַכְּתֻבּוֹת דִּינָר:
(ד) מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שָׁלשׁ נָשִׁים וּמֵת, כְּתֻבָּתָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ מָנֶה וְשֶׁל זוֹ מָאתַיִם וְשֶׁל זוֹ שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא מָנֶה, חוֹלְקוֹת בְּשָׁוֶה. הָיוּ שָׁם מָאתַיִם, שֶׁל מָנֶה נוֹטֶלֶת חֲמִשִּׁים, שֶׁל מָאתַיִם וְשֶׁל שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת, שְׁלֹשָׁה שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁל זָהָב. הָיוּ שָׁם שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת, שֶׁל מָנֶה נוֹטֶלֶת חֲמִשִּׁים, וְשֶׁל מָאתַיִם, מָנֶה, וְשֶׁל שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת, שִׁשָּׁה שֶׁל זָהָב. וְכֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁהִטִּילוּ לְכִיס, פִּחֲתוּ אוֹ הוֹתִירוּ, כָּךְ הֵן חוֹלְקִין:
(ה) מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי אַרְבַּע נָשִׁים וּמֵת, הָרִאשׁוֹנָה קוֹדֶמֶת לַשְּׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּשְׁלִישִׁית לָרְבִיעִית. הָרִאשׁוֹנָה נִשְׁבַּעַת לַשְּׁנִיָּה, וּשְׁנִיָּה לַשְּׁלִישִׁית, וּשְׁלִישִׁית לָרְבִיעִית, וְהָרְבִיעִית נִפְרַעַת שֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. בֶּן נַנָּס אוֹמֵר, וְכִי מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא אַחֲרוֹנָה נִשְׂכֶּרֶת, אַף הִיא לֹא תִפָּרַע אֶלָּא בִשְׁבוּעָה. הָיוּ יוֹצְאוֹת כֻּלָּן בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, כָּל הַקּוֹדֶמֶת לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, זָכְתָה. וְכָךְ הָיוּ כוֹתְבִין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שָׁעוֹת. הָיוּ כֻלָּן יוֹצְאוֹת בְּשָׁעָה אַחַת וְאֵין שָׁם אֶלָּא מָנֶה, חוֹלְקוֹת בְּשָׁוֶה:
(ו) מִי שֶׁהָיָה נָשׂוּי שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, וּמָכַר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ, וְכָתְבָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לַלּוֹקֵחַ דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי עִמָּךְ, הַשְּׁנִיָּה מוֹצִיאָה מֵהַלּוֹקֵחַ, וְרִאשׁוֹנָה מִן הַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, וְחוֹזְרוֹת חֲלִילָה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשׂוּ פְשָׁרָה בֵינֵיהֶם. וְכֵן בַּעַל חוֹב. וְכֵן אִשָּׁה בַעֲלַת חוֹב:
(א) אַלְמָנָה נִזּוֹנֶת מִנִּכְסֵי יְתוֹמִים, מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ שֶׁלָּהֶן, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין בִּקְבוּרָתָהּ. יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ, יוֹרְשֵׁי כְתֻבָּתָהּ, חַיָּבִין בִּקְבוּרָתָהּ:
(ב) אַלְמָנָה, בֵּין מִן הָאֵרוּסִין בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, מוֹכֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין, מוֹכֶרֶת שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין. מִן הָאֵרוּסִין, לֹא תִמְכֹּר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְכָל שֶׁאֵין לָהּ מְזוֹנוֹת, לֹא תִמְכֹּר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין:
(ג) מָכְרָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אוֹ מִקְצָתָהּ, מִשְׁכְּנָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אוֹ מִקְצָתָהּ, נָתְנָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ לְאַחֵר אוֹ מִקְצָתָהּ, לֹא תִמְכֹּר אֶת הַשְּׁאָר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מוֹכֶרֶת הִיא אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבָּעָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה פְעָמִים, וּמוֹכֶרֶת לִמְזוֹנוֹת שֶׁלֹּא בְּבֵית דִּין, וְכוֹתֶבֶת, לִמְזוֹנוֹת מָכָרְתִּי. וּגְרוּשָׁה לֹא תִמְכֹּר אֶלָּא בְּבֵית דִּין:
(ד) אַלְמָנָה שֶׁהָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ מָאתַיִם וּמָכְרָה שָׁוֶה מָנֶה בְמָאתַיִם אוֹ שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם בְּמָנֶה, נִתְקַבְּלָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ. הָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ מָנֶה וּמָכְרָה שָׁוֶה מָנֶה וְדִינָר בְּמָנֶה, מִכְרָהּ בָּטֵל. אֲפִלּוּ הִיא אוֹמֶרֶת אַחֲזִיר אֶת הַדִּינָר לַיּוֹרְשִׁין, מִכְרָהּ בָּטֵל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לְעוֹלָם מִכְרָהּ קַיָּם עַד שֶׁתְּהֵא שָׁם כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּשַׁיֵּר בְּשָׂדֶה בַּת תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּים, וּבְגִנָּה בַּת חֲצִי קַב, וּכְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בֵּית רֹבַע. הָיְתָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת זוּז, וּמָכְרָה לָזֶה בְמָנֶה וְלָזֶה בְמָנֶה וְלָאַחֲרוֹן יָפֶה מָנֶה וְדִינָר בְּמָנֶה, שֶׁל אַחֲרוֹן בָּטֵל וְשֶׁל כֻּלָּן מִכְרָן קַיָּם:
(ה) שׁוּם הַדַּיָּנִין שֶׁפִּחֲתוּ שְׁתוּת אוֹ הוֹסִיפוּ שְׁתוּת, מִכְרָן בָּטֵל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִכְרָן קַיָּם. אִם כֵּן מַה כֹּחַ בֵּית דִּין יָפֶה. אֲבָל אִם עָשׂוּ אִגֶּרֶת בִּקֹּרֶת, אֲפִלּוּ מָכְרוּ שָׁוֶה מָנֶה בְּמָאתַיִם, אוֹ שָׁוֶה מָאתַיִם בְּמָנֶה, מִכְרָן קַיָּם:
(ו) הַמְמָאֶנֶת, הַשְּׁנִיָּה, וְהָאַיְלוֹנִית, אֵין לָהֶם כְּתֻבָּה וְלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְלֹא מְזוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְלָאוֹת. וְאִם מִתְּחִלָּה נְשָׂאָהּ לְשֵׁם אַיְלוֹנִית, יֶשׁ לָהּ כְּתֻבָּה. אַלְמָנָה לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, גְּרוּשָׁה וַחֲלוּצָה לְכֹהֵן הֶדְיוֹט, מַמְזֶרֶת וּנְתִינָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְנָתִין וּלְמַמְזֵר, יֶשׁ לָהֶן כְּתֻבָּה:
(א) הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וּפָסְקָה עִמּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּזוּן אֶת בִּתָּהּ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, חַיָּב לְזוּנָהּ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים. נִשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר וּפָסְקָה עִמּוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּזוּן אֶת בִּתָּהּ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, חַיָּב לְזוּנָהּ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים. לֹא יֹאמַר הָרִאשׁוֹן לִכְשֶׁתָּבֹא אֶצְלִי אֲזוּנָהּ, אֶלָּא מוֹלִיךְ לָהּ מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ לִמְקוֹם אִמָּהּ. וְכֵן לֹא יֹאמְרוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם הֲרֵי אָנוּ זָנִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאֶחָד, אֶלָּא אֶחָד זָנָהּ וְאֶחָד נוֹתֵן לָהּ דְּמֵי מְזוֹנוֹת:
(ב) נִשֵּׂאת, הַבַּעַל נוֹתֵן לָהּ מְזוֹנוֹת וְהֵן נוֹתְנִין לָהּ דְּמֵי מְזוֹנוֹת. מֵתוּ, בְּנוֹתֵיהֶן נִזּוֹנוֹת מִנְּכָסִים בְּנֵי חוֹרִין וְהִיא נִזּוֹנֶת מִנְּכָסִים מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְבַעֲלַת חוֹב. הַפִּקְחִים הָיוּ כוֹתְבִים, עַל מְנָת שֶׁאָזוּן אֶת בִּתֵּךְ חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאַתְּ עִמִּי:
(ג) אַלְמָנָה שֶׁאָמְרָה אִי אֶפְשִׁי לָזוּז מִבֵּית בַּעְלִי, אֵין הַיּוֹרְשִׁין יְכוֹלִין לוֹמַר לָהּ לְכִי לְבֵית אָבִיךְ וְאָנוּ זָנִין אוֹתָךְ, אֶלָּא זָנִין אוֹתָהּ בְּבֵית בַּעְלָהּ וְנוֹתְנִין לָהּ מָדוֹר לְפִי כְבוֹדָהּ. אָמְרָה אִי אֶפְשִׁי לָזוּז מִבֵּית אַבָּא, יְכוֹלִים הַיּוֹרְשִׁים לוֹמַר לָהּ, אִם אַתְּ אֶצְלֵנוּ יֶשׁ לִיךְ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְאִם אֵין אַתְּ אֶצְלֵנוּ אֵין לִיךְ מְזוֹנוֹת. אִם הָיְתָה טוֹעֶנֶת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא יַלְדָּה וְהֵן יְלָדִים, זָנִין אוֹתָהּ וְהִיא בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ:
(ד) כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בְבֵית אָבִיהָ, גּוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ לְעוֹלָם. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בְּבֵית בַּעְלָהּ, גּוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַד עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים, שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים שֶׁתַּעֲשֶׂה טוֹבָה כְנֶגֶד כְּתֻבָּתָהּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר שֶׁאָמַר מִשּׁוּם רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בְּבֵית בַּעְלָהּ, גּוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ לְעוֹלָם. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהִיא בְּבֵית אָבִיהָ, גּוֹבָה כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַד עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים. מֵתָה, יוֹרְשֶׁיהָ מַזְכִּירִין כְּתֻבָּתָהּ עַד עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים:
(א) שְׁנֵי דַיָּנֵי גְזֵרוֹת הָיוּ בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, אַדְמוֹן וְחָנָן בֶּן אֲבִישָׁלוֹם. חָנָן אוֹמֵר שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר שִׁבְעָה. מִי שֶׁהָלַךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וְאִשְׁתּוֹ תוֹבַעַת מְזוֹנוֹת, חָנָן אוֹמֵר, תִּשָּׁבַע בַּסּוֹף וְלֹא תִשָּׁבַע בַּתְּחִלָּה. נֶחְלְקוּ עָלָיו בְּנֵי כֹהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים וְאָמְרוּ, תִּשָּׁבַע בַּתְּחִלָּה וּבַסּוֹף. אָמַר רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן הַרְכִּינָס כְּדִבְרֵיהֶם. אָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, יָפֶה אָמַר חָנָן, לֹא תִשָּׁבַע אֶלָּא בַסּוֹף:
(ב) מִי שֶׁהָלַךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וְעָמַד אֶחָד וּפִרְנֵס אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, חָנָן אוֹמֵר, אִבֵּד אֶת מְעוֹתָיו. נֶחְלְקוּ עָלָיו בְּנֵי כֹהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים וְאָמְרוּ, יִשָּׁבַע כַּמָּה הוֹצִיא וְיִטֹּל. אָמַר רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶן הַרְכִּינָס כְּדִבְרֵיהֶם. אָמַר רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, יָפֶה אָמַר חָנָן, הִנִּיחַ מְעוֹתָיו עַל קֶרֶן הַצְּבִי:
(ג) אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר שִׁבְעָה. מִי שֶׁמֵּת וְהִנִּיחַ בָּנִים וּבָנוֹת, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַנְּכָסִים מְרֻבִּין, הַבָּנִים יוֹרְשִׁים וְהַבָּנוֹת נִזּוֹנוֹת. וּבִנְכָסִים מֻעָטִים, הַבָּנוֹת יִזּוֹנוּ וְהַבָּנִים יְחַזְּרוּ עַל הַפְּתָחִים. אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאֲנִי זָכָר הִפְסָדְתִּי. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אַדְמוֹן:
(ד) הַטּוֹעֵן אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ כַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וְהוֹדָה בַקַּנְקַנִּים, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, הוֹאִיל וְהוֹדָה בְמִקְצָת הַטַּעֲנָה, יִשָּׁבֵעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין זוֹ הוֹדָאָה מִמִּין הַטַּעֲנָה. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אַדְמוֹן:
(ה) הַפּוֹסֵק מָעוֹת לַחֲתָנוֹ וּפָשַׁט לוֹ אֶת הָרֶגֶל, תֵּשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיַּלְבִּין רֹאשָׁהּ. אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יְכוֹלָה הִיא שֶׁתֹּאמַר, אִלּוּ אֲנִי פָסַקְתִּי לְעַצְמִי, אֵשֵׁב עַד שֶׁיַּלְבִּין רֹאשִׁי. עַכְשָׁיו שֶׁאַבָּא פָסַק עָלַי, מָה אֲנִי יְכוֹלָה לַעֲשׂוֹת, אוֹ כְנֹס אוֹ פְטֹר. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, רוֹאֶה אֲנִי אֶת דִּבְרֵי אַדְמוֹן:
(ו) הָעוֹרֵר עַל הַשָּׂדֶה וְהוּא חָתוּם עָלֶיהָ בְעֵד, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא שֶׁיֹּאמַר, הַשֵּׁנִי נֹחַ לִי וְהָרִאשׁוֹן קָשֶׁה הֵימֶנּוּ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִבֵּד אֶת זְכוּתוֹ. עֲשָׂאָהּ סִימָן לְאַחֵר, אִבֵּד אֶת זְכוּתוֹ:
(ז) מִי שֶׁהָלַךְ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם וְאָבְדָה דֶרֶךְ שָׂדֵהוּ, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יֵלֵךְ בַּקְּצָרָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יִקְנֶה לוֹ דֶרֶךְ בְּמֵאָה מָנֶה, אוֹ יִפְרַח בָּאֲוִיר:
(ח) הַמּוֹצִיא שְׁטַר חוֹב עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְהַלָּה הוֹצִיא שֶׁמָּכַר לוֹ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, יָכוֹל הוּא שֶׁיֹּאמַר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי חַיָּב לְךָ, הָיָה לְךָ לְהִפָּרַע אֶת שֶׁלְּךָ כְּשֶׁמָּכַרְתָּ לִי אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה הָיָה פִקֵּחַ שֶׁמָּכַר לוֹ אֶת הַקַּרְקַע, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְמַשְׁכְּנוֹ:
(ט) שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהוֹצִיאוּ שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה עַל זֶה, אַדְמוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִלּוּ הָיִיתִי חַיָּב לְךָ, כֵּיצַד אַתָּה לֹוֶה מִמֶּנִּי. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה גוֹבֶה שְׁטַר חוֹבוֹ וְזֶה גּוֹבֶה שְׁטַר חוֹבוֹ:
(י) שָׁלֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת לַנִּשּׂוּאִין, יְהוּדָה, וְעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַגָּלִיל. אֵין מוֹצִיאִין מֵעִיר לְעִיר וּמִכְּרַךְ לִכְרַךְ. אֲבָל בְּאוֹתָהּ הָאָרֶץ, מוֹצִיאִין מֵעִיר לְעִיר וּמִכְּרַךְ לִכְרַךְ, אֲבָל לֹא מֵעִיר לִכְרַךְ וְלֹא מִכְּרַךְ לְעִיר. מוֹצִיאִין מִנָּוֶה הָרָעָה לְנָוֶה הַיָּפָה, אֲבָל לֹא מִנָּוֶה הַיָּפָה לְנָוֶה הָרָעָה. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף לֹא מִנָּוֶה רָעָה לְנָוֶה יָפָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַנָּוֶה הַיָּפָה בוֹדֵק:
(יא) הַכֹּל מַעֲלִין לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵין הַכֹּל מוֹצִיאִין. הַכֹּל מַעֲלִין לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְאֵין הַכֹּל מוֹצִיאִין, אֶחָד הָאֲנָשִׁים וְאֶחָד הַנָּשִׁים (וְאֶחָד עֲבָדִים). נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּקַפּוֹטְקִיָּא, נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְקַפּוֹטְקִיָּא וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת קַפּוֹטְקִיָּא. נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בְקַפּוֹטְקִיָּא וְגֵרְשָׁהּ בְּקַפּוֹטְקִיָּא, נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִמְּעוֹת קַפּוֹטְקִיָּא:
(1) A virgin is married on the fourth day [of the week] and a widow on the fifth day, for twice in the week the courts sit in the towns, on the second day [of the week] and on the fifth day, so that if he [the husband] had a claim as to the virginity [of the bride] he could go early [on the morning of the fifth day of the week] to the court.
(2) A virgin her kethubah is two hundred [zuz], and a widow a maneh (100. A virgin, who is a widow, [or] divorced, or a halutzah from betrothal her kethubah is two hundred [zuz], and there is upon her a claim of non-virginity. A female proselyte, a woman captive, and a woman slave, who have been redeemed, converted, or freed [when they were] less than three years and one day old their kethubah is two hundred [zuz] there is upon them a claim of non-virginity.
(3) When an adult has had sexual intercourse with a young girl, or when a small boy has had intercourse with an adult woman, or a girl who was injured by a piece of wood [in all these cases] their kethubah is two hundred [zuz], the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: a girl who was injured by a piece of wood her kethubah is a maneh.
(4) A virgin, who was a widow, a divorcee, or a halutzah from marriage her kethubah is a maneh, and there is no claim of non-virginity upon her. A female proselyte, a woman captive and a woman slave, who have been redeemed, converted, or freed [when they were] more than three years and one day old their kethubah is a maneh, and there is no claim of non-virginity upon her.
(5) He who eats with his father-in-law in Judea without the presence of witnesses cannot raise a claim of non-virginity against his wife because he has been alone with her. It is the same whether [the woman is] an Israelite widow or a priestly widow her kethubah is a maneh. The court of the priests collected for a virgin four hundred zuz, and the sages did not protest.
(6) If a man marries a woman and does not find her to be a virgin: She says, “After you betrothed me I was raped, and so your field has been washed away” And he says, “No, rather [it occurred] before I betrothed you and my acquisition was a mistaken acquisition” Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer say: she is believed. Rabbi Joshua says: We do not live by her mouth, rather she is in the presumption of having had intercourse before she was betrothed and having deceived him, until she brings proof for her statement.
(7) She says, “I was struck by a piece of wood”, And he says, “No, you, rather you have been trampled by a man” Rabban gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer say: she is believed, And Rabbi Joshua says: We do not live by her mouth, rather she is in the presumption of having been trampled by a man, until she brings proof for her statement.
(8) They saw her talking with someone in the marketplace, and they said to her, “What sort of a man is he?” [And she answered, “He is] the so-and-so and he is a priest” Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer say: she is believed, And Rabbi Joshua says: we do not live by her mouth, rather she is in the presumption of having had relations with a natin or a mamzer, until she brings proof for her statement.
(9) She was pregnant and they said to her, “What is the nature of this fetus?’ [And she answered, “It is] from so-and-so and he is a priest.” Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer say: she is believed, And Rabbi Joshua says: we do not live by her mouth, rather she is in the presumption of having had relations with a natin or a mamzer, until she brings proof for her statement.
(10) Rabbi Yose said: it happened that a young girl went down to draw water from a spring and she was raped. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: if most of the inhabitants of the town marry [their daughters] into the priesthood, this [girl] may [also] marry into the priesthood.
(1) A woman became a widow or was divorced. She says, “I was a virgin when you married me” and he says, “Not so, rather you were a widow when I married you”, If there are witnesses that she went out with a hinuma, and with her head uncovered, her ketubah is two hundred [zuz.] Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: the distribution of roasted ears of corn is also evidence.
(2) And Rabbi Joshua admits that, if one says to his fellow, “This field belonged to your father and I bought it from him”, he is believed, for the mouth that forbade is the mouth that permitted. But if there are witnesses that it belonged to his father and he says, “I bought it from him”, he is not believed.
(3) If witnesses said, “This is our handwriting, but we were forced, [or] we were minors, [or] we were disqualified witnesses” they are believed. But if there are witnesses that it is their handwriting, or their handwriting comes out from another place, they are not believed.
(4) [If] one witness says, “This is my handwriting and that is the handwriting of my fellow”, and the other [witness] says, “This is my handwriting and that is the handwriting of my fellow”, they are believed. [If] one says, “This is my handwriting” and the other says, “This is my handwriting” they must join to themselves another [person], the words of Rabbi [Judah Hanasi]. But the Sages say: they need not join to themselves another [person], rather a person is believed to say, “this is my handwriting.
(5) If a woman says, “I was married and I am divorced”, she is believed, for the mouth that forbade is the mouth that permitted. But if there are witnesses that she was married, and she says, “I am divorced”, she is not believed. If she says, “I was taken captive but I have remained clean”, she is believed, for the mouth that forbade is the mouth that permitted. But if there are witnesses that she was taken captive and she says, “I have remained clean” she is not believed. But if the witnesses came after she had married, she shall not go out.
(6) Two women were taken captive: one says, “I was taken captive and I am pure”, and the other one says, “I was taken captive and I am pure”-- they are not believed. But when they testify regarding one another, they are believed.
(7) And likewise two men, [if] one says, “I am a priest”, and the other says, “I am a priest”, they are not believed. But when they testify about one another, they are believed.
(8) Rabbi Judah says: one does not raise [a person] to the priesthood through the testimony of one witness. Rabbi Elazar says: When is this true? When there are people who object; but when there are no people who object, one raises [a person] to the priesthood through the testimony of one witness. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says in the name of Rabbi Shimon the son of the assistant chief of priests: one raises [a person] to the priesthood through the testimony of one witness.
(9) A woman was imprisoned by non-Jews: if for the sake of money, she is permitted to her husband, and if in order to take her life, she is forbidden to her husband. A town that has been conquered by siege-troops: all the priests’ wives who are in it are prohibited [from their husbands]. If they have witnesses, even a slave, even a female slave, they are believed. However, no one is believed as to himself. Rabbi Zechariah ben Ha-katzav said: “By this temple! Her hand did not move out of my hand from the time that the non-Jews entered Jerusalem until they departed.” They said to him: “No one may testify concerning himself.”
(10) The following are believed to testifying when they are grown-up about what they saw when they were minors:A person is believed to say “This is the handwriting of my father”, “This is the handwriting of my teacher”, “This is the handwriting of my brother”; “I remember that that woman went out with a hinuma and an uncovered head”; “That that man used to go out from school to immerse in order to eat terumah”; “That he used to take a share with us at the threshing floor”; “That this place was a bet ha-peras”; “That up to here we used to go on Shabbat”; But a man is not believed when he says: “So-and-so had a path in this place”; “That man had a place of standing up and eulogy in this place”.
(1) These are girls to whom the fine is due:If one had intercourse with a mamzeret, a netinah, a Samaritan; Or with a convert, a captive, or a slave-woman, who was redeemed, converted, or freed [when she was] under the age of three years and one day. If one had intercourse with his sister, with the sister of his father, with the sister of his mother, with the sister of his wife, with the wife of his brother, with the wife of the brother of his father, or with a woman during menstruation, he has to pay the fine, [for] although these are punishable through kareth, there is not, with regard to them, a death [penalty inflicted] by the court.
(2) And in the following cases there is no fine:If a man had intercourse with a female convert, a female captive or a slave-woman, who was redeemed, converted or freed after the age of three years and a day. Rabbi Judah says: a female captive who was redeemed is considered to be in her state of holiness (a virgin) even if she is of majority age. A man who had intercourse with his daughter, his daughter's daughter, his son's daughter, his wife's daughter, her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter does not pay the fine, because he forfeits his life, for his death is in the hands of the court, and he who forfeits his life pays no monetary fine for it is said, “And yet no other damage ensues he shall be fined” (Exodus 21:2.
(3) A girl who was betrothed and then divorced Rabbi Yose the Galilean says: she does not receive a fine. Rabbi Akiva says: she receives the fine and the fine belongs to her.
(4) The seducer pays three forms [of compensation] and the rapist four. The seducer pays compensation for embarrassment and blemish and the fine; The rapist pays an additional [form of compensation] in that he pays for the pain. What [is the difference] between [the penalties of] a seducer and those of a rapist? The rapist pays compensation for the pain but the seducer does not pay compensation for the pain. The rapist pays immediately but the seducer [pays only] if he dismisses her. The rapist must “drink out of his pot” but the seducer may dismiss [the girl] if he wishes.
(5) What is meant by “he must drink out of his pot”?Even if she is lame, even if she is blind and even if she is afflicted with boils [he may not dismiss her]. If she was found to have committed a licentious act or was unfit to marry an Israelite he may not continue to live with her, for it is said, “And she shall be for him a wife”(Deut. 22:29) a wife that is fit for him.
(6) An orphan who was betrothed and then divorced Rabbi Elazar says that one who seduces her is exempt but one who rapes her is liable [to pay the fine].
(7) How is [the compensation that is paid for] embarrassment [reckoned]? It all depends on the status of the offender and the offended. How is [the compensation that is paid for] blemish [reckoned]? She is regarded as if she were a slave to be sold in the market place [and it is estimated] how much she was worth then and how much she is worth now. The fine is the same for all. And any sum that is fixed in the Torah remains the same for all.
(8) Wherever there is the right of sale there is a fine and wherever there is a fine there is no right of sale. In the case of a minor there is the right of sale and there is no fine; In the case of a young woman there is a fine but no right of sale. In the case of a girl who has reached majority age there is no right of sale and there is no fine.
(9) He who declares, “I seduced the daughter of so-and-so” must pay compensation for embarrassment and blemish on his own admission but need not pay the fine. He who declares, “I have stolen” must make restitution for the principal on his own evidence but need not repay double, fourfold or fivefold. [He who declares,] “My ox has killed so-and-so” or “the ox of so-and-so” must make restitution on his own evidence. [If he said] “My ox has killed the slave of so-and-so” he need not make restitution on his own evidence. This is the general rule: whoever pays more than the actual cost of the damage he has done need not pay it on his own evidence.
(1) If a young girl was seduced [the compensation for] her embarrassment and blemish and the fine belong to her father; [and the compensation for] pain in the case of one who was raped. If the girl’s case was tried before her father died [all the forms of compensation] are her father’s. If her father [subsequently] died they are her brothers’. If her father died before her case was tried they are hers. If her case was tried before she became of majority age [all forms of compensation] are her father’s. If her father [subsequently] died they are her brothers’. If she became of majority age before her case was tried they are hers. Rabbi Shimon says if her father died before she could collect [the payments] they belong to her. Her handiwork and anything she finds, even if she had not collected [the proceeds] belong to her brothers if her father died.
(2) If a man gave his daughter in betrothal and she was divorced, [and then] he gave her [again] in betrothal and she was widowed, her ketubah belongs to him. If he gave her in marriage and she was divorced [and then] he gave her [again] in marriage and she was left a widow, her ketubah belongs to her. Rabbi Judah said: the first belongs to her father. They said to him: as soon as he gives her in marriage, her father loses all control over her.
(3) The daughter of a convert who converted together with her mother and then committed an act of fornication is subject to the penalty of strangulation. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. If she was conceived in unholiness but her birth was in holiness she is subject to the penalty of stoning. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. If she was both conceived and born in holiness she is regarded as a daughter of Israel in all respects. A girl who has a father but no door of her father’s house; or a door of her father’s house but no father, is subject to the penalty of stoning [the verse did not state] “the opening of her father’s house” (Deut. 22:21) except as a precept.
(4) A father has authority over his daughter in her betrothal [whether it was effected] by money, document or intercourse. He is entitled to anything she finds, to her handiwork and to annul her vows. He receives her get but he has no usufruct [from her property] during her lifetime. When she marries, the husband surpasses him [in his rights] in that he has usufruct during her lifetime. And he is obligated to feed her, to pay a ransom for her and to provide for her burial. Rabbi Judah says: even the poorest man in Israel must provide no less than two flutes and one lamenting woman.
(5) She remains in the domain of her father until she enters the domain of her husband [by going into the bridal chamber] at marriage. If her father delivered her to the agents of the husband she passes into the domain of her husband. If her father went with the husband’s agents or if the father’s agents went with the husband’s agents she remains in the domain of her father. If her father’s agents delivered her to the husband’s agents she passes into the domain of her husband.
(6) A father is not obligated to maintain his daughter. This exposition was made by Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah in front of the sages in the vineyard of Yavneh: “The sons shall inherit [their mother’s kethubah] and the daughters shall be maintained [out of their father’s estate” just as the sons do not inherit except after the death of their father, so the daughters are not maintained except after the death of their father.
(7) If he did not write a kethubah for her, a virgin still collects two hundred zuz and a widow one mane, because it is a condition laid down by court. If he assigned to her in writing a field that was worth one mane instead of the two hundred zuz and did not write for her, “All property that I possess is a lien for your ketubah”, he is liable [for the full amount] because it is a condition laid down by the court.
(8) If he did not write for her, “if you are taken captive I will ransom you and take you again as my wife”, or in the case of a priest’s wife, “I will restore you to your people”, he is liable [to carry out these obligations], because it is a condition laid down by court.
(9) If she was taken captive he is obligated to ransom her; And if he said, “Here is her get and her ketubah, let her ransom herself”, he is not allowed [to act accordingly]. If she was injured it is his duty to provide for her medical treatment; And if he said, “Here is her get and her ketubah, let her heal herself”, he is allowed [to act accordingly].
(10) If he did not write for her, “The male children that will be born from our marriage shall inherit the money of your ketubah over and above their shares with their brothers”, he is nevertheless liable, because [this clause] is a condition laid down by the court.
(11) If he did not write for her, “the female children that I will have from you will dwell in my house and be maintained out of my estate until they are taken in marriage”, he is nevertheless liable, because [this clause] is a condition laid down by the court.
(12) If he did not write for her, “You shall live in my house and be maintained from my estate throughout the duration of your widowhood”, he is nevertheless liable, because [this clause] is a condition laid down by the court. Thus did the men of Jerusalem write. The men of Galilee wrote as did the men of Jerusalem. The men of Judea used to write: “Until the heirs wish to pay you your ketubah”. Therefore if the heirs wish to, they may pay her her ketubah and dismiss her.
(1) Although [the Sages] have said: a virgin collects two hundred and a widow one maneh, if he wishes to add, even a hundred maneh, he may do so.After betrothal [but before marriage], a virgin collects two hundred zuz and a widow only one maneh, for the man wrote her [the additional amount] in order to marry her. If she was widowed or divorced, either after betrothal or after marriage, she is entitled to collect the entire amount. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah says: [a woman widowed or divorced] after marriage receives the entire amount; Rabbi Judah says: if he wishes he may write for a virgin a document for two hundred zuz and she writes “I have received from you a maneh”, or for a widow [he may write a document for] a maneh and she writes, “I have received from you fifty zuz”. Rabbi Meir says: Any man who gives a virgin less than two hundred zuz or a widow less than a maneh is engaging in licentious sex.
(2) A virgin is given twelve months from the [time her intended] husband claimed her, [in which] to prepare herself for marriage. Just as [such a period] is given to the woman, so is it given to the man to prepare himself. A widow is given thirty days. If the time has come and they were not married they are entitled to receive maintenance from the man’s estate and [if he is a priest] they may eat terumah. Rabbi Tarfon says: They give her [all of her food] in terumah. Rabbi Akiva says: One half unconsecrated food and one half terumah.
(3) A yavam [who is a priest] does not allow [his sister-in-law] to eat terumah. If she had spent six months waiting for her husband and six months waiting for the yavam, or even [if she spent] all of them waiting for her husband less one day waiting for the yavam, or all of them waiting for the yavam less one day waiting for her husband, she may not eat terumah. This [was the ruling according to] the first mishnah. The court that followed afterwards ruled: a woman may not eat terumah until she has entered the bridal chamber.
(4) If a man consecrated his wife’s handiwork, she continues to work and to consume [that which she makes]. [Concerning the] surplus: Rabbi Meir says: it is consecrated. Rabbi Yohanan Hasandlar says: it is unconsecrated.
(5) The following are the kinds of work which a woman must perform for her husband: Grinding, Baking, If she brought one slave-woman into the marriage she need not grind or bake or wash. Washing, Rabbi Eliezer says: even if she brought him a hundred slave-women he may compel her to work in wool; for idleness leads to unchastity. Cooking, Nursing her child, Preparing his bed, And working in wool. [If she brought] two slave-women, she need not cook or nurse her child. If three, she need not prepare his bed or work in wool. If four, she may lounge in an easy chair. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if a man forbade his wife under a vow to do any work he must divorce her and give her kethubah to her for idleness leads to insanity.
(6) A man forbade himself by vow from having intercourse with his wife: Beth Shammai says: two weeks; Beth Hillel says: one week. Students may go away to study Torah, without the permission [of their wives for a period of] thirty days; workers for one week. The times for conjugal duty prescribed in the torah are: For independent men, every day; For workers, twice a week; For donkey-drivers, once a week; For camel-drivers, once in thirty days; For sailors, once in six months. These are the words of Rabbi Eliezer.
(7) If a wife rebels against her husband her ketubah is reduced by seven denarii a week. Rabbi Judah says: seven tropaics. How long does he continue to reduce? Until the amount of her ketubah. Rabbi Yose says: he may continue to reduce, and if she receives an inheritance he may collect from it. Similarly, if a husband rebels against his wife, an addition of three denarii a week is made to her ketubah. Rabbi Judah said: three tropaics.
(8) If a man provides for his wife through an agent, he must give her [every week] not less than two kavs of wheat or four kavs of barley. Rabbi Yose said: only Rabbi Ishmael, who lived near Edom, granted her a supply of barley. He must also give her half a kav of pulse and half a log of oil; and a kav of dried figs or a maneh of pressed figs, and if he has no [such fruit] he must supply her with a corresponding quantity of other fruit. He must also provide her with a bed, a mattress and a mat. He must also give her a hat for her head and a girdle for her loins; shoes, from festival to festival; and clothing worth fifty zuz every year. She is not to be given new [clothes] in the summer or worn-out clothes in the winter, but must be given clothes worth fifty zuz during the winter, and she wears them when they are worn-out during the summer; and the worn-out clothes remain her property.
(9) He must also give her [every week] a silver ma'ah for her [other] needs and she is to eat with him every Friday eve. If he does not give her a silver ma'ah for her other needs, her handiwork belongs to her. And what [is the quantity of work that] she must do for him? The weight of five sela’s of warp in Judea, which amounts to ten sela's in Galilee, or the weight of ten sela's of woof in Judea, which amounts to twenty sela's in Galilee. If she was nursing, her handiwork is reduced and her maintenance is increased. All this applies to a poor person in Israel, but in the case of a more respectable [husband] all is fixed according to his dignity.
(1) A wife’s find and her handiwork belong to her husband. And [concerning] her inheritance: He has the usufruct during her lifetime. [Any compensation for] an embarrassment or blemish [that may have been inflicted upon] her belongs to her. Rabbi Judah ben Batera says: [if the embarrassment or blemish was inflicted upon her] on a hidden place [on her body] she receives two-thirds while he receives one-third; if on an open place [on her body] he receives two-thirds and she receives one-third. His share is to be given to him immediately, but with hers land is to be bought and he enjoys the usufruct.
(2) If a man agreed to give a fixed sum of money to his son-in-law and his son-in-law died: the Sages say that he may say “I was willing to give to your brother but I am unwilling to give to you.”
(3) If a woman agreed to bring her husband one thousand denarii he must agree to give her a corresponding sum of fifteen maneh. As a corresponding sum for appraised goods, he agrees to give one-fifth less. [If a husband is requested to enter in his wife's ketubah] “goods assessed at one maneh”, and these are in fact worth a maneh, he only [must agree to] a maneh. [Otherwise, if he is requested to enter in the ketubah:] “goods assessed at a maneh”, his wife must give him thirty-one sela and a denar, and if “at four hundred”, she must give [him goods valued at] five hundred. Whatever a bridegroom agrees to give [his wife in her ketubah] he writes one fifth less [than the appraised value].
(4) If a woman agreed to bring him cash, every sela’ counts as six denarii. The bridegroom must accept upon himself [to give his wife] ten denarii for her [perfume] basket for call maneh [which she brings as dowry]. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel said: in all matters the local usage shall be followed.
(5) If a man gives his daughter in marriage without specifying any conditions, he must give her not less than fifty zuz. If [the father] cut a deal [with the husband] that he would take her naked [i.e. without a dowry], the husband may not say “When I have taken her into my house I shall clothe her with clothes of my own”, rather he must provide her with clothing while she is still in her father’s house. Similarly if an orphan is given in marriage she must be given not less than fifty zuz. If [charity] funds are available she is to be provided in accordance with the dignity of her position.
(6) If an orphan was given in marriage by her mother or her brothers with her consent and they gave her a dowry of a hundred, or fifty zuz, she may, when she reaches majority age, legally claim from them the amount that was due to her. Rabbi Judah says: if the father had given his first daughter in marriage, the second must receive as much as the first. The Sages say: sometimes a man is poor and becomes rich or rich and becomes poor. Rather the estate should evaluated and [the appropriate amount] given to her.
(7) If a man deposited a sum of money with an agent for his daugher, and [after she was betrothed] she says, “I trust my husband”, the trustee must act in accordance with the condition of his trust, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: were [the trust] a field and she wished to sell it, it would be as if it was sold immediately! To whom does this apply? To [a daughter] who has reached majority age, but in the case of a minor, there is no validity at all to the act of a minor.
(1) If a man forbade his wife by vow to have any benefit from him, for thirty days, he may appoint a provider, but if for a longer period he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. Rabbi Judah ruled: if he was an Israelite he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for one month, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] two months. If he was a priest he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for two months, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] three.
(2) If a man forbade his wife by vow from tasting any kind of produce he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. Rabbi Judah ruled: if he was an Israelite he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for one day, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] two days. If he was a priest he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for two days, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] three.
(3) If a man forbade his wife by vow that she should not adorn herself with any type of adornment he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. Rabbi Yose says: [this refers] to poor women if no time limit is given, and to rich women [if the time limit is] thirty days.
(4) If a man forbade his wife by vow that she may not go to her father’s house: --When the father lives with her in the same town, the husband may retain [her as his wife, if the prohibition was for] one month; but if for two months he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. --When the father lives in another town, the husband may retain [her as his wife, if the prohibition was for] one festival, but if for three festivals, he must divorce her and give her the ketubah.
(5) If a man forbade his wife by vow from visiting a house of mourning or a house of feasting, he must divorce her and give her the ketubah, because he has closed [peoples doors] against her. If he claims [that his vow] was due to some other cause he is permitted [to forbid her]. If he said to her: “[There shall be no prohibition] provided you tell so-and-so what you have told me” or “what I have told you” or “that you will fill and pour out in the garbage”, he must divorce her and give her the ketubah.
(6) These leave [their marriage] without their ketubah: A wife who transgresses the law of Moses or Jewish law. And what is the law of Moses? Feeding her husband with untithed food, having intercourse with him while in the period of her menstruation, not separating dough offering, or making vows and not fulfilling them. And what is Jewish practice? Going out with her head uncovered, spinning wool in the marketplace or conversing with every man. Abba Shaul says: also one who curses her husband’s parents in his presence. Rabbi Tarfon says: also one who has a loud voice. And who is regarded as one who has a loud voice? A woman whose voice can be heard by her neighbors when she speaks inside her house.
(7) If a man betrothed a woman on condition that she was under no vows and she was found to be under vows, she is not betrothed. If he married her without making any conditions and she was found to be under vows, she leaves without her ketubah. [If a woman was betrothed] on condition that she has no bodily defects, and she was found to have defects, she is not betrothed. If he married her without making any conditions and she was found to have defects, she leaves without her ketubah. All defects which disqualify priests also disqualify women.
(8) If she had bodily defects while she was still in her father’s house, her father must produce proof that these defects arose after she had been betrothed and that [consequently] it was the husband’s field that was flooded. If she was brought into her husband’s domain, [and the defects were discovered there] the husband must produce proof that these defects existed before she had been betrothed and [that consequently] his bargain was made in error the words of Rabbi Meir. The Sages say: To what does this apply? Only to concealed defects; but with regard to defects that are exposed he cannot make any claim. And if there was a bath-house in the town he cannot make any claim even about concealed defects, because he [is assumed to have had her] examined by his female relatives.
(9) A man in whom defects have arisen [after marriage] cannot be forced to divorce [his wife]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: To what does this apply: to minor defects, but with regard to major defects he can be forced to divorce her.
(10) These are the ones who are forced to divorce [their wives]: one who is afflicted with boils, one who has a polypus, a gatherer [of dog feces for the treatment of hides], a coppersmith or a tanner whether they were [in such a condition] before they married or whether they arose after they had married. And concerning all these Rabbi Meir said: although the man made a condition with her [that she accept him despite these defects] she may nevertheless say, “I thought I could accept him, but now I cannot accept him.” The Sages say: she must accept [such a person] against her will, the only exception being a man afflicted with boils, because she [by her intercourse] will enervate him. It once happened at Sidon that a tanner died, and he had a brother who was also a tanner. The Sages said: she may say, “I was able to accept your brother but I cannot accept you.”
(1) If a woman came into the possession of property before she was betrothed, Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel agree that she may sell it or give it away and her act is legally valid. If she came into the possession of property after she was betrothed, Bet Shammai says: she may sell it, and Beth Hillel says: she may not sell it. Both agree that if she had sold it or given it away her act is legally valid. Rabbi Judah said: they argued before Rabban Gamaliel, “Since the man acquires the woman does he not also acquire her property?” If she came into the possession of property after she was married, both agree that, even if she had sold it or given it away, the husband may seize it from the buyers. [If she came into possession] before she married and then she married, Rabban Gamaliel says: if she sold it or gave it away her act is legally valid. Rabbi Hanina ben Akavya said: they argued before Rabban Gamaliel, “Since the man acquires the woman does he not also gain acquires her property?” He replied, “We are embarrassed with regard to her new possessions and you wish to roll over on us her old ones as well?”
(2) Rabbi Shimon distinguishes between one kind of property and another: Property that is known to the husband [the wife] may not sell, and if she has sold it or given it away her act is void; [Property] which is unknown to the husband she may not sell, but if she has sold it or given it away her act is legally valid.
(3) [If a married woman] came into the possession of money, land should be bought with the money and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. [If she came into the possession of] produce that was detached from the ground, land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. [If it was] produce attached to the ground Rabbi Meir says, the land is to be valued as to how much it is worth with the produce and how much without the produce, and with the difference land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. The Sages say: produce attached to the ground belongs to the husband and produced detached from it belongs to the wife; [with the proceeds from the latter] land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct.
(4) Rabbi Shimon says: In respect to that in which the husband is at an advantage when he marries his wife he is at a disadvantage when he divorces her and in respect to that in which he is at a disadvantage when he marries her he is at an advantage when he divorces her. Produce which is attached to the ground is the husband’s when he marries his wife and hers when he divorces her, Produce that is detached from the ground is hers when she marries but the husband’s when she is divorced.
(5) If she inherited old slaves or female slaves, they are to be sold, and land purchased with the proceeds, and the husband can enjoy the usufruct. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: she need not sell them, because they are the glory of her father’s house. If she inherited old olive-trees or vines they must be sold, and land purchased with the proceeds, and the husband can enjoy the usufruct. Rabbi Judah says: she need not sell them, because they are the glory of her paternal house. He who spent money in connection with his wife’s property, whether he spent much and consumed little, [or spent] little and consumed much, what he has spent he has spent, and what he has consumed he has consumed. If he spent but did not consume he may take an oath as to how much he has spent and receive compensation.
(6) If a woman awaiting yibbum came into possession of money: Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel agree that she may sell it or give it away, and that her act is legally valid. If she dies, what shall be done with her ketubah and with property that comes in and goes out with her? Beth Shammai says: the heirs of her husband are to share it with the heirs of her father; Beth Hillel says: the property is to remain with those in whose possession it is, the ketubah is to remain in the possession of the heirs of the husband and the property which comes in and goes out with her remains in the possession of the heirs of her father.
(7) If his brother left money, land shall be bought with it and he enjoys the usufruct.Rabbi Meir says, the land is to be valued as to how much it is worth with the produce and how much without the produce, and with the difference land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. [If the his brother left] produce that was detached from the ground, land shall be bought [out of the proceeds] and he enjoys the usufruct.The Sages say: produce attached to the ground belongs to the husband but that which is detached from the ground belongs to the first person who takes it: [If it was] produce attached to the ground: If he [seized it] first he acquires ownership; and if she [seized it] first land shall be bought with it and he enjoys the usufruct. If he married her she is his wife in every respect save that her ketubah remains a debt on her first husband’s estate.
(8) He cannot say to her, “Behold your ketubah lies on the table’, rather all of his property has on it a lien from her kethubah. So too, a man may not say to his wife, behold your ketubah lies on the table, but all of his property has on it a lien from her ketubah. If he divorced her she is entitled only to her ketubah. If he remarried her she is like all other wives, and is entitled only to her ketubah.
(1) If a husband writes to his wife, “I have no claim whatsoever upon your property”, he may enjoy its usufruct during her lifetime and, when she dies, he is her heir. If so, why might he have written to her, “I have no claim whatsoever upon your property”?That if she sold it or gave it away her act is valid. If he wrote, “I have no claim whatsoever upon your property and upon their produce”, he may not enjoy their usufruct during her lifetime but, when she dies, he inherits her. Rabbi Judah says: he may in all cases enjoy the usufruct from the usufruct unless he wrote to her: “I have no claim whatsoever upon your property and upon its produce and the produce of its produce and so on without end.” If he wrote, “I have no claim whatsoever upon your property, its produce and the produce of its produce during your lifetime and after your death”, he may neither enjoy it produce during her lifetime nor does he inherit her when she dies. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: when she dies he inherits her because [by his declaration] he is making a condition which is contrary to what is written in the Torah and whenever a man makes a condition which is contrary to what is written in the Torah, his condition is null and void.
(2) A man died and left a wife, a creditor, and heirs and he also had a deposit or a loan in the possession of others: Rabbi Tarfon says: It shall be given to the one who is under the greatest disadvantage. Rabbi Akiva says: We do not show mercy in a matter of law. Rather it shall be given to the heirs, for whereas all the others must take an oath the heirs need not take any oath.
(3) If he left produce that was detached from the ground, whoever seizes it first acquires possession. If the wife took possession of more than the amount of her ketubah, or a creditor of more than the value of his debt, the balance: Rabbi Tarfon says: it should be given to the one who is under the greatest disadvantage. Rabbi Akiva says: we do not show mercy in a matter of law. Rather it shall be given to the heirs, for whereas all the others must take an oath the heirs need not take any oath.
(4) If a husband set up his wife as a shopkeeper or appointed her guardian he may impose upon her an oath whenever he wants. Rabbi Eliezer said: even in respect of her spindle and her dough.
(5) If he (the husband) wrote to her (his wife), “I have no claim upon you for either a vow or an oath”, he cannot make her swear an oath. However, he may make her heirs and upon those who have done business with her swear an oath. [If he wrote,] “I have no claim upon you for either a vow or an oath nor upon your heirs nor upon those who have done business with you”, he may not impose an oath either upon her or upon her heirs or upon those who have done business with you. However his heirs may impose an oath upon her or upon her heirs or upon those who have done business with her. [If he wrote] “Neither I nor my heirs nor those who have done business with me shall have any claim upon you or upon your heirs or upon those who have done business with you for either a vow or an oath”, neither he nor his heirs nor those who have done business with him may impose an oath either upon her or upon her heirs or upon those who have done business with her.
(6) If she went from her husband’s grave to her father’s house, or returned to her father-in-law’s house but was not made a guardian, the heirs may not make her swear an oath. But if she was made a guardian the heirs may make her swear an oath in respect of [her administration] during the subsequent period but not in respect of the past.
(7) A woman who impairs her kethubah is not paid except by an oath. If one witness testifies against her that [her kethubah] has been paid, she is not be paid except by an oath. From the property of orphans, from property with a lien on it and [from the property of] an husband who is not present she is not paid except by an oath.
(8) “A woman who impairs her kethubah”: How is this so? If her ketubah was for a thousand zuz and [her husband] said to her, “You have already received your kethubah”, and she says, “I received only a maneh”, she is not paid [the balance] except by an oath. “If one witness testifies against her that [her kethubah] has been paid”: How is this so? If her ketubah was for a thousand zuz and [her husband] said to her, “You have already received your ketubah”, and she says, “I have not received it” and one witness testifies against her that [the ketubah] has been paid, she is not paid except by an oath. “From property with a lien on it”: How is this so? He had sold his property to others and she seeks to recover payment from the buyers, she is not paid except by an oath. “From the property of orphans”: How is this so? He died and left his estate to his orphans and she seeks to recover payment from the orphans, she is not paid except by an oath. “An husband who is not present” How is this so? If her husband went to a country beyond the sea and she seeks to recover payment in his absence, she is not paid except by an oath. Rabbi Shimon says: whenever she claims her ketubah the heirs may impose an oath upon her but whenever she does not claim her ketubah the heirs can not impose an oath upon her.
(9) If she produced a get without a ketubah, she collects her kethubah. [If she produced her] ketubah without a get, and she says, “My get was lost”, and he says, “My receipt was lost”, and also a creditor who produced a debt document that was unaccompanied by a prosbul, these are not paid back. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says: from the time of danger a woman collects her ketubah with out a get and a creditor collects [his debt] without a prosbul. [A woman who produced] two letters of divorce and two ketuboth collects two kethuboth. Two kethuboth and one get or one kethubah and two gittin, or a kethubah, a get and [evidence of her husband’s] death, she collects one kethubah only, for a man who divorces his wife and then remarries her contracts his second marriage on the condition of the first kethubah. A minor whose his father had given him in marriage, the ketubah of his wife is valid, since it is on this condition that he kept her as his wife. A convert who converted with his wife, the kethubah remains valid, since it is on this condition that he kept her as his wife.
(1) If a man was married to two wives and died, the first wife takes precedence over the second, and the heirs of the first wife take precedence over the heirs of the second. If he married a first wife and she died and then he married a second wife and he died, the second wife and her heirs take precedence over the heirs of the first wife.
(2) If a man was married to two wives and they died, and subsequently he died, and the orphans [of one of the wives] claim their mother’s kethubah and there is only enough for the two kethuboth,[all the orphans] they divide it equally. If there was a surplus of [at least] one dinar, these take their mother’s ketubah and these take their mothers ketubah. If the orphans [of one of the wives] says, “We are raising the estate of our father by a denar [more than the total amount of the kethuboth]”, in order that they can take their mother's kethubah, they are not listened to, rather the estate is evaluated by the court.
(3) If there was property that would soon belong to the estate, it is not [regarded] as [property held] in possession. Rabbi Shimon says: even if there was movable property it is not regarded unless there was real estate worth one denar more than [the total amount of] the two kethuboth.
(4) If a man who was married to three wives died, and the kethubah of one was a maneh, and of the other two hundred zuz, and of the third three hundred zuz and the estate [was worth] only one maneh they divide it equally. If the estate [was worth] two hundred zuz [the woman whose ketubah] is a maneh receives fifty zuz [and the woman whose ketubah] was two hundred and [the woman whose ketubah] was three hundred [receive each] three gold denarii (=seventy-five. If the estate [was worth] three hundred zuz, [the woman whose ketubah] was a maneh receives fifty zuz and [the woman whose ketubah] was two hundred [receives] a maneh and [the woman whose ketubah] was worth three hundred [receives] six gold denarii (=one hundred and fifty. Similarly, if three persons contributed to a joint fund and the fund lost or gained they share in the same manner.
(5) If a man who was married to four wives died, his first wife takes precedence over the second, the second over the third and the third over the fourth. The first must take an oath to the second, the second to the third, and the third to the fourth, and the fourth recovers payment without an oath. Ben Nannus says: Should she be rewarded because she is the last? She too may not exact payment except by an oath. If all were issued on the same day then the woman [whose kethubah] preceded that of the other, even if only by one hour, gets [her ketubah first]. And so it was the custom in Jerusalem to write the hours. If all kethuboth were issued at the same hour and the estate is worth no more than a maneh, they divide it equally.
(6) If a man who was married to two wives sold his field, and the first wife wrote to the buyer, “I have no claim whatsoever upon you”, the second wife may take [the field] away from the buyer, and the first wife from the second, and the buyer from the first wife; and so they go on in turn until they arrange a compromise between them. The same law applies also to a creditor and to a woman creditor.
(1) A widow is to be maintained out of the estate of [her husband's] orphans [and], her handiwork belongs to them but it is not their obligation to bury her. Her heirs, who inherit her ketubah, are obligated to bury her.
(2) A widow, whether [her husband died] after betrothal or after marriage may sell [her husband's estate] without [permission from] a court. Rabbi Shimon says: [If her husband died] after marriage she may sell without [permission from] a court, but if after betrothal, she may not sell except with [permission from] a court, since she is not entitled to maintenance, and anyone who is not entitled to maintenance may not sell except with [permission from] a court.
(3) [A widow who] sold her ketubah or part of it; or pledged her ketubah or part of it; or gave it away to someone else or part of it, may not sell [her husband’s property] in order to receive the remainder of her ketubah except with [the permission of] a court. But the Sages say: she may sell [the land pledged for her kethubah] even in four or five installments. And [meanwhile] she may sell [of her husband’s estate to provide] for her maintenance without [the permission of] the court, and she writes, “I sold [the land to provide] for my maintenance”. A divorced woman must not sell [her husband’s property] except with [the permission of] the court.
(4) If a widow whose ketubah was two hundred zuz sold [land] worth a maneh for two hundred zuz or [land] worth two hundred zuz for one maneh, she has received her ketubah. If her kethubah was one maneh, and she sold [land] worth a maneh and a denar’ for one maneh, her sale is void. Even if she says, “I will return the denar to the heirs”, her sale is void. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says: her sale is always valid unless there was so much land there as to allow her to leave a field of nine kab, and from a garden an area of half a kab, or, according to Rabbi Akiba, a quarter of a kab. If her ketubah was four hundred zuz and she sold [land] to [three] persons, to each for one maneh, and to a fourth [she sold] what was worth a maneh and a denar for one maneh, [the sale] to the last person is void but [the sale] to all the others are valid.
(5) If an assessment of the judges was one sixth less, or one sixth more [than the actual value of the property] their sale is void. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: their sale is valid for, otherwise, of what advantage is the power of a court? But if they made a bill for inspection, their sale is valid even if they sold for two hundred zuz what was worth one maneh or for one maneh what was worth two hundred zuz.
(6) [A minor] who refused her husband, a secondary incest prohibition, or an aylonit is not entitled to a ketubah or to the usufruct [of her dowry] or to maintenance, or to the worn-out articles [of her dowry]. If from the outset he had married on the understanding that she is an aylonit she is entitled to a ketubah. A widow who was married to a high priest, a divorced woman or a halutzah who was married to a regular priest, a mamzereth or a netinah who was married to an Israelite, or the daughter of an Israelite who was married to a Natin or a mamzer is entitled to a ketubah.
(1) If a man married a woman and she cut a deal with him that he should maintain her daughter for five years, he must maintain her for five years. If she was [subsequently] married to another man and cut a deal with him [as well] that he should maintain her daughter for five years, he must maintain her for five years. The first husband may not plead, “If she will come to me I will maintain her”, rather he must send her maintenance to her at the place where her mother [lives]. Similarly, the two husbands cannot plead, “We will maintain her jointly”, but one must maintain her and the other give her the cost of her maintenance.
(2) If she married, her husband must supply her with maintenance and they give her the cost of her maintenance. If they die, their daughters are maintained out of their free assets only but she must be maintained even out of assigned property, because she is like a creditor. Clever men used to write, “On condition that I shall maintain your daughter for five years while you are with me”.
(3) A widow who says, “I do not want to move from my husband’s house”, the heirs cannot tell her, “Go to your father’s house and we will maintain you”, rather they must maintain her in her husband’s house and they give her a residence according to her honor. If she said, “I have no desire to move from my father’s house”, the heirs can say to her, “If you stay with us you will have your maintenance, but if you do not stay with us you will receive no maintenance”. If she claimed [that she didn’t want to live there] because she is young and they are young, they must maintain her while she lives in the house of her father.
(4) As long as she lives in her father’s house she may collect her kethubah at any time. As long as she lives in her husband’s house she may recover her ketubah, only within twenty-five years, because in the course of twenty-five years she has sufficient opportunities to give favors equal [in value to the amount of] her ketubah, the words of Rabbi Meir who spoke in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel. The Sages say: as long as she lives in her husband’s house she may collect her ketubah at any time. As long as she lives in her father’s house she may collect her ketubah only within twenty-five years. If [the widow] died, her heirs must mention her ketubah within twenty-five years.
(1) There were two judges of fines in Jerusalem, Admon and Hanan ben Avishalom. Hanan stated two rulings and Admon stated seven. If a man went to a country beyond the sea and his wife claimed maintenance: Hanan says: she must take an oath at the end but not at the beginning. The sons of the high priests differed from him and ruled that she must take an oath both at the beginning and at the end. Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas agreed with their ruling. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Hanan has spoken well; she need take an oath only at the end.
(2) If a man went to a country beyond the sea and someone came forward and financially supported his wife, Hanan says: he lost his money. The sons of the high priests differed from him and said: let him take an oath as to how much he spent and recover it. Rabbi Dosa ben Harkinas agreed with their ruling. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai said: Hanan has spoken well [the man] put his money on the horn of a deer.
(3) Admon said seven [rulings]:If a man dies and leaves sons and daughters, if the estate is large, the sons inherit it and the daughters are maintained [from it]. And if the estate is small, the daughters are maintained from it, and the sons can go begging. Admon said, “Just because I’m a male I lose out!” Rabban Gamaliel said; I agree with the words of Admon.
(4) If he claims from his neighbor jars of oil, and he admits [his claim to the empty] jars, Admon says, since he admits to him a portion of the claim, he must swear. But the Sages say: the admission is not of the same kind as the claim. Rabban Gamaliel said: I agree with the words of Admon.
(5) If a man promised a money to his [prospective] son-in-law and then defaulted, [his daughter] shall sit until her hair turns white. Admon says: She may say, “Had I myself promised the sum I would sit until my hair turns white, but now that my father has promised it, what can I do? Either marry me or set me free.” Rabban Gamaliel said: I agree with the words of Admon.
(6) If a man contests [the ownership of] a field and he has signed as a witness on [its deed of sale], Admon says: He can say, “[Litigation with] the second is easier for me, since the first is a more difficult person than he”. But the Sages say: He lost his right. If [the protester] made it a boundary mark [when selling an adjacent piece of land to] another person he has lost his right [to protest].
(7) If a man went to a country beyond the sea and [in his absence] the path to his field was lost, Admon ruled: let him walk [to his field] by the shortest way. But the Sages say: let him purchase a path for himself even if it costs him a hundred maneh or let him fly through the air.
(8) If a man produced a debt document against another, and the latter produced [a deed of sale showing] that the former had sold him a field, Admon ruled: [The other] can say, had I owed you [anything] you should have been paid pack when you sold me the field”. But the Sages say: This [seller] was clever, since he may have sold him the land in order to be able to take it from him as a pledge.
(9) If two men produced debt documents against one another, Admon says; [the holder of the later document can say to the other,] “Had I owed you [any money] how is it that you borrowed from me?” But the Sages say: This one collects his debt and this one collects his debt.
(10) [The following regions are regarded as] three countries in respect of marriage: Judaea, Transjordan and Galilee. [A husband] may not take out [his wife with him] from one town to another or from one city to an other. But within the same country he may take her out with him from one town into another town or from one city into an other city, but not from a town to a city nor from a city to a town. [A man] may take out [his wife with him] from an inferior to a superior dwelling, but not from a superior to an inferior dwelling. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says: not even from an inferior dwelling to a superior dwelling, because the [change to a] superior dwelling tests.
(11) Everyone may compel [their spouse] to go up to the land of Israel, but none may compel [their spouse] to leave. Everyone may compel [their spouse] to go up to Jerusalem, but none may compel [their spouse] to leave. The same is true for both men and women and [slaves]. If a man married a woman in the land of Israel and divorced her in the land of Israel, he must pay her [her ketubah] in the currency of the land of Israel. If he married a woman in the land of Israel and divorced her in Cappadocia he must pay her [her ketubah] in the currency of the land of Israel. If he married a woman in Cappadocia and divorced her in the land of Israel, he must a gain pay [her ketubah] in the currency of the land of Israel. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamaliel says that he must pay her [her ketubah] in the Cappadocian currency.
(ו) כַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וְאֹגְנֵיהֶם, וְאָזְנֵיהֶם, וִידוֹת הַכֵּלִים הַמְקַבְּלִים, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מַשְׁקִין, מְנַגְּבָן וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים (שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִין לְקַבֵּל רִמּוֹנִים), שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, שֶׁנָּפְלוּ מַשְׁקִין עַל מִקְצָתוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא. כְּלִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ אֲחוֹרָיו בְּמַשְׁקִין, אֲחוֹרָיו טְמֵאִים, תּוֹכוֹ וְאֹגְנוֹ וְאָזְנוֹ וְיָדָיו טְהוֹרִין. נִטְמָא תוֹכוֹ, כֻּלּוֹ טָמֵא:
(ז) כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֶשׁ לָהֶן אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, וְיֶשׁ לָהֶם בֵּית צְבִיעָה. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, לַעֲרֵבָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁל עֵץ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכוֹסוֹת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, לְיָדַיִם הַטְּמֵאוֹת וְהַטְּהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא לְיָדַיִם הַטְּהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד:
(6) The bases, rims, hangers or handles of vessels that have a receptacle upon which an unclean liquid fell, one dries them and they remain clean. But [if unclean liquid fell] on any part of any other vessel which cannot hold pomegranates (or in which no distinction is made between its outer and inner sides), the whole becomes unclean. If the outer side of a vessel contracted uncleanness from a liquid, only its outer side is unclean but its inner side, rim, hanger and handles remain clean. If its inner side contracted uncleanness the whole is unclean.
(7) All vessels have outer and inner sides and have a part by which they are held. Rabbi Tarfon says: this applies only to a large wooden [kneading] trough. Rabbi Akiva says: it applies to cups. Rabbi Meir says: it applies to unclean and clean hands. Rabbi Yose says: they said this only concerning clean hands.
הדרן עלך לולב הגזול
מתני׳ לולב וערבה ששה ושבעה ההלל והשמחה שמונה סוכה וניסוך המים שבעה החליל חמשה וששה לולב שבעה כיצד יו"ט הראשון של חג שחל להיות בשבת לולב שבעה ושאר כל הימים ששה ערבה שבעה כיצד יום השביעי של ערבה שחל להיות בשבת ערבה שבעה ושאר כל הימים ששה מצות לולב כיצד (בשבת) יום טוב הראשון של חג שחל להיות בשבת מוליכין את לולביהן להר הבית והחזנין מקבלין מהן וסודרין אותן על גבי איצטבא והזקנים מניחין את שלהן בלשכה ומלמדין אותם לומר כל מי שמגיע לולבי לידו הרי הוא לו במתנה למחר משכימין ובאין והחזנין זורקין אותם לפניהם והן מחטפין ומכין איש את חבירו וכשראו ב"ד שבאו לידי סכנה התקינו שיהא כל אחד ואחד נוטל בביתו: גמ׳ אמאי טלטול בעלמא הוא ולידחי שבת אמר רבה גזרה שמא יטלנו בידו וילך אצל בקי ללמוד
הַדְרָן עֲלָךְ הַמּוֹצֵא תְּפִילִּין וּסְלִיקָא לָהּ מַסֶּכֶת עֵירוּבִין
implies that the mishna teaches a case in which ḥalitza is performed ab initio. This indicates that this is the first course of action and the only way to resolve the situation. The Gemara asks further: And let him say to him the following: The mishna prohibits levirate marriage ab initio in this case, due to a rabbinic decree lest he proceed and perform the ḥalitza with the first sister first, whereby it would be prohibited to consummate the levirate marriage with the second. Perhaps for this reason the Sages decreed that it is prohibited to consummate the levirate marriage even if ḥalitza was performed with the second sister. The Gemara answers: It teaches: They may not enter into levirate marriage. This indicates that the halakha of levirate marriage does not apply here at all. Accordingly, even after the fact, if he performed ḥalitza with the second sister, the halakha of levirate marriage would not apply to the first sister. The Gemara asks: And let him say to him a different reason for the ruling of the mishna: It is due to a rabbinic decree lest the second brother die, and it is prohibited to negate the mitzva of levirate marriage. Perhaps for this reason it would be forbidden to consummate the levirate marriage in the case where two sisters happened before him for levirate marriage, and not due to the prohibition proscribing the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Yoḥanan was not concerned over the possibility of the death of a brother, and in his opinion there is no need to make a decree to address such cases. The Gemara asks: And let Rabbi Yoḥanan say to him that this mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, who said: Once the yevama stood before him at one time as forbidden, even if it was not at the time that she happened before him, she remains forbidden to him forever. Perhaps the mishna could be explained according to Rabbi Elazar’s opinion. The Gemara answers: Since the opinion of Rabbi Elazar is cited explicitly in the latter clause of the mishna, it can be deduced that the first clause is not according to the opinion of Rabbi Elazar. Therefore, this ruling cannot be attributed to Rabbi Elazar. The Gemara asks: And let him say to him that here the reference is to a situation where the two brothers died at once, and consequently both of the women happened before the yevamin for levirate marriage at the same time. And this mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, who says: It is possible to be precise. It is possible to determine that two events occurred at exactly the same moment, both sisters were forbidden at the time that they happened before the brothers-in-law. The Gemara answers: The tanna did not teach an unattributed mishna in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Any time the mishna is cited in accordance with Rabbi Yosei HaGelili’s opinion, it is always attributed to him explicitly. The Gemara asks: And let him say to him a different explanation for the ruling: This mishna is indeed addressing a case where the brothers died one after the other, yet we do not know which sister happened before the yevamin for levirate marriage first. In that case, it would be impossible to determine which sister would be permitted. The Gemara answers: If so, that which the mishna teaches in the latter clause: And if they married their wives before consulting the court they should divorce them, is difficult. Why must they divorce their wives in this situation? Granted, the brother who took the first sister in levirate marriage must divorce her, as we say to him: Who permitted her to you? Indeed, she was forbidden as the sister of a woman with whom he had a levirate bond, and so he must divorce her. However, the brother who took the second sister could say: My fellow brother consummated the levirate marriage with the second sister, but I am consummating the levirate marriage with the first sister. It is possible that after the other brother consummated the levirate marriage with the second sister, the first sister would then be permitted to him after the fact, and he is not required to divorce her unless it is certain that he violated a prohibition. The Gemara concludes: Indeed, this is what Rabbi Yoḥanan meant when he said to Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina: I do not know who taught: Sisters, for according to these considerations he cannot properly resolve the ruling of this mishna. We learned in the mishna: If one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives because she was a relative of his wife or a relative from his mother’s side, then he is prohibited from marrying her but permitted to marry her sister. But the second brother, who is not a close relative of either sister, is prohibited from marrying both of them. It enters your mind to say that a forbidden woman, such as his mother-in-law, happened before the yavam for levirate marriage first. Accordingly, the Gemara asks: And why would both women be forbidden to the second brother? Let the son-in-law rise and consummate the levirate marriage with the sister who is not his mother-in-law first. Consequently, with regard to the other brother, his mother-in-law would be considered a yevama who was permitted to perform levirate marriage at the time that she happened before him, and then forbidden when her sister happened before him for levirate marriage as well, and then subsequently became permitted when his brother consummated the levirate marriage with her sister. If so, the mother-in-law should return to her original permitted status and may enter into levirate marriage with him. Rav Pappa said: The mishna is referring to a case where the woman who was not his mother-in-law happened before the brothers for levirate marriage first, in which case she was permitted to both of them. When her sister, i.e., the mother-in-law, happened before them for levirate marriage as well, both women were rendered forbidden to the second brother, as each one is the sister of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. Because the mother-in-law was forbidden from the time that she happened before the yavam for levirate marriage, she can never be permitted to him. § With regard to the case of two brothers who married their wives before consulting the court, the mishna states that the women should be divorced. Rabbi Eliezer disagrees and says that this is a matter of dispute between Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel, as Beit Shammai say: They may maintain them as their wives, and Beit Hillel say: They should divorce them. An expanded version of this discussion is taught in the Tosefta (5:1): Rabbi Eliezer says that Beit Shammai say: They may maintain them as their wives, and Beit Hillel say: They should divorce them. Rabbi Shimon says: They may maintain them as their wives. Abba Shaul disagrees with Rabbi Eliezer and says: This was a matter of leniency for Beit Hillel. They were the ones who put forth a lenient ruling, as Beit Shammai say: They should divorce them, and Beit Hillel say: They may maintain them as their wives. The Gemara asks about this baraita: In accordance with whose opinion is the statement of Rabbi Shimon? This matter is a dispute between Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai, with different versions of their opinions, and therefore Rabbi Shimon should not have formulated the halakha in this manner. Indeed, if he holds in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai, then that is the same as the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer. He would thereby conclude that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Beit Shammai, as per Rabbi Eliezer’s version. If so, he should have formulated his opinion in that way. If, however, he holds in accordance with the opinion of Beit Hillel, then that is the opinion of Abba Shaul. The Gemara responds: This is what he is saying: Rabbi Shimon actually maintains a third opinion: Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel did not dispute this matter; both agreed that the marriages may be maintained. § The mishna stated: If one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition against forbidden relations, then he is prohibited from marrying her but permitted to marry her sister. The Gemara asks: We already learned this on one occasion: When her sister, who is a forbidden relative to the yavam, is her yevama as well, she either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. The Gemara answers: It is necessary that this be said here as well, for if it taught us this halakha only there in its more general formulation (Yevamot 20a), then I might have said: The yavam is permitted to marry the sister because there is no reason to issue a rabbinic decree due to a second brother. There, there is only one yavam, to whom one sister is permitted and the other is forbidden. Here, however, in the case of two brothers, where there is reason to issue a rabbinic decree due to the second brother, lest he consummate the levirate marriage as well, I would say that we do not allow even the first brother to perform levirate marriage, and both sisters-in-law should be forbidden to both brothers. And if the mishna had taught us the halakha only here, it would have been possible to say that the permissibility of levirate marriage here is because there is a second brother who indicates, by refraining from performing levirate marriage, that the sister of a woman bound by a levirate bond is forbidden. However, there, where there is not a second brother, I would say no, this halakha would not apply, due to a concern that people might wrongly conclude that the sister of a woman bound by a levirate bond is permitted. Therefore, it is necessary to state this halakha in both places. It was taught in the mishna: If one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or due to a prohibition stemming from sanctity, then her sister must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. The Gemara wonders: We already learned this as well: If a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity will be transgressed through the levirate marriage, then the woman must perform ḥalitza and she may not enter into levirate marriage. The Gemara answers: There is a novelty here: There, where the halakha is reviewed in general terms, it speaks of a prohibition due to a mitzva alone. One woman happened before the yavam for levirate marriage and it is only as a result of this prohibition that she is prevented from entering levirate marriage. Here, there is a prohibition resulting from a mitzva and, in addition, her sister happened before the yevamin for levirate marriage together with her. It might enter your mind to say: Let the prohibition resulting from a mitzva stand in the same place, i.e., level of severity, as the prohibition against forbidden relatives. Consequently, the woman who is forbidden to the yavam is considered a forbidden relative and her sister is permitted to him. Despite the fact that the prohibition resulting from a mitzva is not as severe, here is it is given equal status, and we might say: Let her sister enter into levirate marriage. Therefore, this comes to teach us that this is not the case. The Gemara asks: And why in fact does her sister not enter into levirate marriage? The Gemara answers: Her sister is forbidden to him because by Torah law the prohibited woman is still set before the yavam for levirate marriage. Were he to take the sister in levirate marriage he would essentially be encountering the sister of the woman with whom he has a levirate bond. It might enter your mind to say that due to the mitzva of levirate marriage, the Sages did as they did and nullified their decree prohibiting the sister of a woman with whom the yavam has a levirate bond from entering levirate marriage, when the original sister is forbidden only as the result of a mitzva. Therefore, it teaches us that they did not cancel their decree in this situation. It was taught in the mishna: If one of those women was forbidden to this one brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives and the second was forbidden to that second brother due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, then she who is forbidden to this brother is permitted to that brother, and she who is forbidden to that brother is permitted to this one. The Gemara asks: Why do I need this halakha as well, for this is identical to that which was taught earlier, when the mishna stated that if one of the sisters was forbidden to one of the brothers due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, then he is forbidden to marry her but permitted to marry her sister. However, the second brother, who is not a close relative of either sister, is prohibited from marrying both of them. Once the mishna taught that the yavam is permitted to marry the woman to whom he is not related, what is the difference to me if there is one brother or two brothers? If this happened to both brothers, clearly both should be allowed. The Gemara answers: It is necessary to state this, for if it taught us the halakha only there, in the case where only one brother is permitted, one might have said: This is because there is a second brother who indicates that the sister of a woman bound by a levirate bond is forbidden to him by refraining from levirate marriage with her. However, here, where there is not a second brother who indicates this, as both brothers are performing levirate marriage, then I would say no; this halakha would not apply, due to the concern that people might wrongly conclude that the sister of a woman with whom the yavam has a levirate bond is permitted even in cases where the other woman is not a forbidden relative. And the opposite could also be said: If it taught us the ruling only here, in the case of two brothers, one might have said: On the contrary, they both indicate the nature of each other’s status. Each of the brothers married a specific sister-in-law, i.e., the woman who was not his close relative, indicating he does not have a levirate bond with the other sister. But in the other case, where one brother is allowed to consummate the levirate marriage and the second brother is forbidden to both sisters, I might say that no, we would not allow marriage to the first brother either. Therefore, it is necessary to state the halakha in both instances. It was taught in the mishna: And this is the case that was referred to when they said: When her sister is also her yevama, she either performs ḥalitza or enters into levirate marriage. The Gemara asks: What does the expression: This is, come to exclude? The Gemara answers: It excludes the case where there is a prohibition resulting from a mitzva for this one and a prohibition resulting from a mitzva for that one. Although each woman is forbidden to a different brother due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva, they may not both enter into levirate marriage. The Gemara asks: Why do I need this as well? This is identical to that which was taught previously, that if one of the sisters was forbidden to the yavam due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva, then he is not permitted to consummate the levirate marriage with either of them. What difference is there to me if she happened before one brother or two? The Gemara answers: Lest you say: There is only one instance when we do not say: Let the prohibition resulting from a mitzva stand in the same place, i.e., level of severity, as a prohibition against forbidden relatives. It occurs in a case where it is appropriate to issue a rabbinic decree due to the second brother, who is prohibited from marrying both sisters. But in a case where it is not appropriate to issue a rabbinic decree due to the second brother, as the second sister is permitted to the second brother as well, I might say: For this brother, let us stand the prohibition resulting from a mitzva in the same place as a prohibition against forbidden relatives, and for this brother let us stand the prohibition resulting from a mitzva in the same place as a prohibition against forbidden relatives, and as a result both brothers may consummate the levirate marriage. Therefore, it teaches us that this is not so. § Incidental to this halakha, the Gemara cites the following statement: Rav Yehuda said that Rav said, and similarly Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches in a baraita: With regard to all of those women enumerated in the first mishna of the tractate, who are forbidden to the yevamin as forbidden relatives, the following situation could arise: These women could also be two sisters who were married to two brothers who happen before their yevamin for levirate marriage while each one is a forbidden relative to one of the yevamin. In these situations, I could apply the ruling that she who is forbidden to this brother is permitted to that brother, as well as the ruling that when her sister is also her yevama she may either perform ḥalitza or enter into levirate marriage. But Rav Yehuda interprets these principles as applying only to those cases found in the list from the mother-in-law of the yavam and onward, but not to the six cases at the beginning, which include his daughter, and his wife’s daughter, and their descendants. What is the reason for Rav Yehuda’s distinction? This is because you find the scenario where two women who are candidates for levirate marriage are both sisters as well as the daughters of the two yevamin only in a case where the women are the daughters of the yevamin through rape, but you cannot find it in a case where they are his daughters through marriage. If one brother married a woman and had a daughter with her, then this woman, the wife of a brother who has children, is forbidden to all of his brothers. Therefore, it would be impossible for another brother to have a daughter with that same woman, and therefore the two daughters could never be sisters. The scenario of daughters who are also sisters is possible only when the first brother raped a woman and gave birth to a daughter, such that the woman is not forbidden to his brothers. If one of the brothers then had a daughter with this woman and both daughters married other brothers who then died, it is possible that these daughters would happen before their fathers for levirate marriage. Rav Yehuda maintains that the current mishna deals with cases of marriage but does not deal with cases of rape, and therefore he does not apply the principles governing sisters to those cases. And Abaye interprets these principles as applying even to his daughter from a woman he raped. Since you can find this scenario, if the statement wants to deal with cases of rape, let it; if it wants to deal with cases of marriage, let it. It is preferable to explain this matter with regard to cases of marriage, but if that is not possible, it can still be explained as dealing with cases of rape. However, it cannot be explained as referring to the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist. Even according to the opinion of Abaye, this case cannot be included, since you can find a situation where two sisters happen before two brothers for levirate marriage while each woman is the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist only according to the opinion of Rabbi Shimon, while such a case cannot be found according to the opinion of the Rabbis. And Rabbi Ḥiyya does not deal with cases that are subject to dispute. And Rav Safra interprets these principles as applying to the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist, and you can find this scenario in the case of the six brothers and according to the opinion of Rabbi Shimon. And your mnemonic to remember how this might come about is as follows: Died, born, consummated the levirate marriage; died, born, consummated the levirate marriage. How could this come about? There were two brothers, Reuven and Shimon, who were married to two sisters. And there were two other brothers, Levi and Yehuda, who were married to two unrelated women. Reuven died, Yissakhar was born, and Levi consummated the levirate marriage with Reuven’s wife. Afterward, Shimon died, Zevulun was born, and Yehuda consummated the levirate marriage with Shimon’s wife. Later, Levi and Yehuda died childless and these two sisters happened before Yissakhar and Zevulun for levirate marriage. In this scenario, the woman who had been Reuven’s wife is forbidden to this brother, Yissakhar, as the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist, because he was not alive at the same time as Reuven, and yet she is nevertheless permitted to this brother, Zevulun, because when Zevulun was born this woman was already the wife of Levi, a brother with whom he did coexist. According to Rabbi Shimon, the fact that she had previously been the wife of Reuven, a brother with whom he did not coexist, is not taken into account. Similarly, with regard to Shimon’s wife, we find that she who is forbidden to this one is permitted to that one. Shimon’s wife is forbidden to Zevulun as the wife of a brother with whom he did not coexist, but she is nevertheless permitted to Yissakhar. Accordingly, the situation of her sister who is her yevama, i.e., two sisters who are yevamot and yet are allowed to perform levirate marriage, can be applied to this case as well. The Gemara asks: Why do I need to assume that this is referring to a scenario where Yehuda consummated the levirate marriage? You can find this possibility in a case where Yehuda did not consummate the levirate marriage as well. This scenario can also take place with only five brothers and without Yehuda: Reuven and Shimon were married to two sisters, Reuven died, Yissakhar was born, and Levi consummated the levirate marriage with Reuven’s wife. Then Shimon died and Zevulun was born. If Levi then dies, Levi’s wife is forbidden to Yissakhar as the wife of his brother Reuven, with whom he did not coexist, but she would be permitted to Zevulun because she was already the wife of Levi when Zevulun was born. Shimon’s wife would be forbidden to Zevulun but permitted to Yissakhar. The Gemara responds: This is due to the rival wife. It was taught in this way in order to make the principle applicable not only to the wives, but also to their rival wives. In this scenario, Levi and Yehuda were previously married to two sisters who then became the rival wives of a wife of a brother with whom one did not coexist. This allows the ruling to apply to the case of rival wives as well. The Gemara notes: This works out well if the mishna comes to include only a rival wife herself, but what can be said about the rival wife of a rival wife? How can this case explained? If one aims to include all of the details of the mishna in Rabbi Ḥiyya’s principle, then the mishna must be referring not only to a case involving the brothers’ rival wives, but also to the rival wives of those rival wives mentioned in the mishna. The Gemara answers: Therefore, one must include a case where Gad and Asher subsequently consummated the levirate marriage with these women as well. That is, initially there were two other brothers, Gad and Asher, who consummated the levirate marriage with the previous wives of Levi and Yehuda, each of whom had taken one of the wives of Reuven and Shimon. Later, when Gad and Asher died, their previous wives, who are the rival wives of the rival wives of Reuven and Shimon’s wives, happen before Yissakhar and Zevulun for levirate marriage. MISHNA: In the case of three brothers, two of whom were married to close relatives, e.g., two sisters; or a woman and her daughter; or a woman and her daughter’s daughter; or a woman and her son’s daughter, if the two brothers who were married to two close relatives died and their wives happened before a third brother for levirate marriage, then these two women must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as each of them is a relative of a woman with whom he has a levirate bond. And Rabbi Shimon exempts them even from the obligation to perform ḥalitza. If one of them was forbidden to him, the third brother, due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, then he is prohibited from marrying her but is permitted to marry her sister. Because the woman who is forbidden to him is not considered to be a woman who requires him for levirate marriage, there is only one woman who happens before him for levirate marriage. However, if one of the women was forbidden due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or a prohibition stemming from sanctity, then they must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage. This is because these prohibitions do not completely cancel the levirate bond. GEMARA: It is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Shimon exempts both of them from ḥalitza and from levirate marriage, as it is stated: “And you shall not take a woman to her sister, to be a rival to her” (Leviticus 18:18). This indicates that at the time that a situation arises wherein they are to become rival wives to each other, e.g., two sisters happen before one yavam for levirate marriage, you shall not have the ability to take even one of them in marriage. In his opinion, both women are exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza at the moment that they happen before the yavam, just as a forbidden relative is exempt from both levirate marriage and ḥalitza. It was taught in the mishna: If one of them was forbidden to him due to a prohibition against forbidden relatives, he is prohibited from marrying her but is permitted to marry her sister. The Gemara asks: Why do I need this statement as well? This is identical to that which was taught in the previous mishna. The Gemara answers: It was necessary to state this again here according to the opinion of Rabbi Shimon. It might enter your mind to say: Since Rabbi Shimon said that two sisters may not perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage, as the very fact that they require levirate marriage from the same man and stand to become rival wives to each other renders them forbidden, we should issue a rabbinic decree in this case as well. Although in this case only one of the sisters is eligible for levirate marriage, as the other is a forbidden relative, perhaps there should be a rabbinic decree prohibiting the yavam from marrying the permitted sister, due to the similarity to the case of two sisters in general who happen before him for levirate marriage. This teaches us that even Rabbi Shimon does not hold that there is a rabbinic decree in this case. It was taught in the mishna that if the wives are forbidden to the yavam due to a prohibition resulting from a mitzva or sanctity, they must perform ḥalitza and may not enter into levirate marriage.
(א) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נֶאֱכָל לִבְעָלָיו לְפָנִים מֵחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יִבְחַר לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם" וְגוֹ'. וְנוֹהֵג בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת וְשֶׁלֹּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת אֲבָל אֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וּבְכֹרֹת בְּקָרְךָ וְצֹאנְךָ". מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ מָה בְּכוֹר אֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת אַף מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶלָּא בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת:
(ב) מִדַּת חֲסִידוּת שֶׁפּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה בְּשָׁוְיוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁפּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ בִּפְנֵי הַבַּיִת. וְהוֹרוּ הַגְּאוֹנִים שֶׁאִם רָצָה לִפְדּוֹת שְׁוֵה מָנֶה בִּפְרוּטָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה פּוֹדֶה. לֹא יִהְיֶה זֶה חָמוּר מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ. וּמַשְׁלִיךְ הַפְּרוּטָה לַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל:
(ג) וְכֵן אִם חִלֵּל מַעֲשֵׂר שְׁוֵה מָנֶה עַל שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה מִפֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת הֲרֵי זֶה מְחֻלָּל. וְשׂוֹרֵף אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁחִלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ תַּקָּלָה לַאֲחֵרִים. כְּפִדְיוֹן נֶטַע רְבָעִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי מַאֲכָלוֹת:
(ד) כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין אוֹכְלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כָּךְ אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ שָׁם. וְאֵין מְחַלְּלִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מוֹכְרִין אוֹתוֹ. וְאִם נִכְנַס בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אַף בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ מִשָּׁם וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתוֹ שָׁם עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקֵב וְכֵן אִם עָבַר וְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם מַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקֵב. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין מַפְרִישִׁים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה אֶלָּא מוֹצִיאִין אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת בְּטִבְלָן חוּץ לָעִיר וּמַפְרִישִׁין אוֹתוֹ שָׁם וּפוֹדֵהוּ. וְאִם הִפְרִישׁוּ שָׁם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה יֵרָקֵב:
(ה) כָּל הָאוֹכֵל כְּזַיִת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁתָה מִמֶּנּוּ רְבִיעִית יַיִן חוּץ לְחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב יז) "לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ" וְגוֹ'. וְלוֹקֶה עַל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָכַל שְׁלָשְׁתָּן חוּץ לַחוֹמָה לוֹקֶה שָׁלֹשׁ מַלְקִיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ" מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ וְנֶאֱמַר לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ וְגוֹ' לָמָּה פְּרָטָן וְלֹא אָמַר לֹא תֹאכְלֵם בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ לְחַיֵּב עַל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ:
(ו) אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיֹּאכְלֶנּוּ אַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יב יז) "לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ" וְגוֹ' (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ". כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִמְקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ וַאֲכָלוֹ בַּחוּץ לוֹקֶה. אֲבָל אִם אֲכָלוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם:
(ז) מִקְצָת מַעֲשֵׂר בִּפְנִים וּמִקְצָתוֹ מִבַּחוּץ הָאוֹכֵל מִזֶּה שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא נִכְנַס מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. וְהָאוֹכֵל בַּחוּץ מִזֶּה שֶׁנִּכְנַס לוֹקֶה:
(ח) אֵין פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטְמָא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כד) "כִּי יִרְחַק מִמְּךָ הַמָּקוֹם" בְּרִחוּק מָקוֹם הוּא נִפְדֶּה וְאֵינוֹ נִפְדֶּה בְּקֵרוּב מָקוֹם. הָיָה הוּא בִּפְנִים וּמַשָּׂאוֹ בַּחוּץ אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה אוֹחֵז אוֹתוֹ בְּקָנֶה הוֹאִיל וְלֹא נִכְנַס הַמַּעֲשֵׂר הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לִפְדּוֹתוֹ שָׁם בְּצַד הַחוֹמָה:
(ט) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁל דְּמַאי אָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם שֶׁכְּבָר קְלָטוּהוּ מְחִצּוֹת. וְכֵן פֵּרוֹת הַנִּלְקָחִין בְּכֶסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ". עָבַר וְהוֹצִיאָן אוֹ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ בִּשְׁגָגָה יַחְזְרוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וּקְלִיטַת מְחִצּוֹת מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם אֲפִלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁאֵין בְּחֻמְשׁוֹ שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה שֶׁהוּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם מְחִצּוֹת קוֹלְטוֹת אוֹתוֹ וְאָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ. אֲבָל מְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נִכְנָסִין לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצְאִין:
(י) פֵּרוֹת שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וְעָבְרוּ בְּתוֹךְ יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיא עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מִפֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם. אֶלָּא יַחֲזֹר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן וְיֵאָכֵל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְאֵינוֹ נִפְדֶּה בַּחוּץ. אֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַחַר שֶׁיָּצְאוּ עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִכְנְסוּ יַחְזְרוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. חֹמֶר הוּא בִּמְחִצּוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם הוֹאִיל וְקָלְטוּ קָלְטוּ:
(יא) פֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן שֶׁעָבְרוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ. כְּגוֹן סַלֵּי עֲנָבִים לְגַת וְסַלֵּי תְּאֵנִים בְּמֻקְצֶה. מֻתָּר לִפְדּוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶם בַּחוּץ. וְכֵן פֵּרוֹת דְּמַאי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן וְעָבְרוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיָצְאוּ פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן בַּחוּץ:
(יב) פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וּפְדָאָן אִם נִטְמְאוּ בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה אָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאָן. אֶלָּא יֵאָכְלוּ בִּפְנִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁוְּלַד הַטֻּמְאָה מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ בְּאַב הַטֻּמְאָה אוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בַּחוּץ וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִפְדִּין וְנֶאֱכָלִין בְּכָל מָקוֹם:
(יג) בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהִכְנִיסָן עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְפְּשֵׂם הַמְּחִצּוֹת. אֲבָל אִם לֹא הִתְנָה הוֹאִיל וְנִכְנַס הֲרֵי הוּא טָהוֹר מִן הַתּוֹרָה [שֶׁאֵין וָלָד מְטַמֵּא שֵׁנִי מִן הַתּוֹרָה] וּכְבָר קְלָטוּהוּ מְחִצּוֹת וְאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא:
(יד) תִּלְתָּן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מֻתָּר לְאָכְלָהּ צִמְחוֹנִין שֶׁכָּךְ הִיא רְאוּיָה לַאֲכִילָה. וְכֵן כַּרְשִׁינֵי מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי יֵאָכְלוּ צִמְחוֹנִין. וְאִם עָשָׂה מֵהֶם עִסָּה הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת לְהִכָּנֵס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּלְהוֹצִיאָהּ שֶׁאֵינָן בִּכְלַל הַפֵּרוֹת. וְאִם נִטְמְאוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם יִפָּדוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בַּחוּץ:
(טו) אִילָן שֶׁעוֹמֵד לְפָנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה וְנוֹפוֹ נוֹטֶה חוּץ לַחוֹמָה אֵין אוֹכְלִין תַּחַת נוֹפוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס תַּחַת נוֹפוֹ אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא כְּמִי שֶׁנִּכְנַס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם:
(טז) בָּתִּים שֶׁבְּצַד הַחוֹמָה שֶׁפִּתְחֵיהֶם לְפָנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה וַחֲלָלָן לְחוּץ. מִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וּלְפָנִים כִּלְפָנִים לְכָל דָּבָר וּמִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלַחוּץ אֵין אוֹכְלִים שָׁם וְאֵין פּוֹדִין שָׁם לְהַחֲמִיר. הָיָה חֲלָלָן לְפָנִים וּפִתְחֵיהֶם לַחוּץ. מִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלַחוּץ כְּלַחוּץ פּוֹדִין בּוֹ וְאֵין אוֹכְלִין. וּמִכְּנֶגֶד הַחוֹמָה וְלִפְנִים אֵין אוֹכְלִין שָׁם וְאֵין פּוֹדִין לְהַחֲמִיר. וְהַחַלּוֹנוֹת וָעֳבִי הַחוֹמָה כִּלְפָנִים:
(א) הָאוֹכֵל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּטֻמְאָה לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו יד) "וְלֹא בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא". בֵּין שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֵׂר טָמֵא וְהָאוֹכֵל טָהוֹר. בֵּין שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֵׂר טָהוֹר וְהָאוֹכֵל טָמֵא. וְהוּא שֶׁיֹּאכְלֶנּוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה. שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה עַל אֲכִילָתוֹ בְּטֻמְאָה אֶלָּא בִּמְקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ. אֲבָל אִם אֲכָלוֹ בְּטֻמְאָה חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:
(ב) וַאֲפִלּוּ לְהַדְלִיק [בּוֹ] אֶת הַנֵּר אַחַר שֶׁנִּטְמָא אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו יד) "לֹא בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא":
(ג) כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנִּטְמָא אֲפִלּוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם פּוֹדִין וְיֵאָכֵל. וְאוֹכְלִין אֶת דָּמָיו בְּטָהֳרָה בְּתוֹרַת פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר. אֲפִלּוּ נִטְמְאוּ הַפֵּרוֹת כֻּלָּן כְּשֶׁהֵן טֶבֶל מַפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּטֻמְאָה וּפוֹדֵהוּ:
(ד) הֶעָרֵל כְּטָמֵא וְאִם אָכַל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁלּוֹקֶה עַל אֲכִילַת תְּרוּמָה. שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה קְרוּיָה קֹדֶשׁ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי קָרוּי קֹדֶשׁ שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ (ויקרא כז ל) "קֹדֶשׁ לַה'". וְטָמֵא שֶׁטָּבַל אוֹכֵל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הֶעֱרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ:
(ה) הָאוֹכֵל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּאֲנִינוּת שֶׁל תּוֹרָה לוֹקֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו יד) "לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בְאֹנִי מִמֶּנּוּ". וְהוּא שֶׁיֹּאכְלֶנּוּ בְּמָקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. אֲבָל אִם אֲכָלוֹ בַּחוּץ בַּאֲנִינוּת. אוֹ שֶׁאֲכָלוֹ בִּפְנִים בַּאֲנִינוּת שֶׁל דִּבְרֵיהֶם. מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:
(ו) אֵיזֶהוּ אוֹנֵן זֶה הַמִּתְאַבֵּל עַל אֶחָד מִן הַקְּרוֹבִים שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב לְהִתְאַבֵּל עֲלֵיהֶן. וּבְיוֹם הַמִּיתָה הוּא אוֹנֵן מִן הַתּוֹרָה וּבַלַּיְלָה אוֹנֵן מִדִּבְרֵיהֶן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא י יט) "וְאָכַלְתִּי חַטָּאת הַיּוֹם הַיִּיטַב בְּעֵינֵי ה'". הַיּוֹם אָסוּר וְלַיְלָה מֻתָּר. נִשְׁתַּהָה הַמֵּת יָמִים רַבִּים וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִקְבַּר. כָּל אוֹתָן הַיָּמִים שֶׁאַחַר יוֹם הַמִּיתָה עַד יוֹם הַקְּבוּרָה הוּא אוֹנֵן מִדִּבְרֵיהֶן. וְאֵין יוֹם הַקְּבוּרָה תּוֹפֵשׂ לֵילוֹ:
(ז) וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא כָּל הַקָּדָשִׁים כֻּלָּן אִם אֲכָלָן בַּאֲנִינוּת שֶׁל תּוֹרָה לוֹקֶה. וּבַאֲנִינוּת שֶׁל דִּבְרֵיהֶן מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת:
(ח) אֵין נוֹתְנִין פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לְעַם הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא פֵּרוֹת הַנִּלְקָחוֹת בִּמְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר וְלֹא מְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה. וּמֻתָּר לֶאֱכל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי בַּאֲנִינוּת וְלִתְּנוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ וְהוּא שֶׁיֹּאכַל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ. אֵין מַפְקִידִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֲפִלּוּ אֵצֶל חָבֵר שֶׁמָּא יָמוּת וְנִמְצָא הַמַּעֲשֵׂר תַּחַת יַד בְּנוֹ עַם הָאָרֶץ. אֲבָל מַפְקִידִים מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי אֵצֶל עַם הָאָרֶץ:
(ט) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אָסוּר לְאַבֵּד אֲפִלּוּ מִעוּטוֹ בַּדְּרָכִים. אֶלָּא מוֹלִיכוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא אוֹ מוֹלִיךְ דָּמָיו לִירוּשָׁלַיִם. וּמֻתָּר לְאַבֵּד מִעוּט מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי בַּדְּרָכִים. וְכַמָּה הִיא מִעוּט פָּחוֹת מִכִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת בֵּין בְּאֹכֶל שָׁלֵם בֵּין בְּפָרוּס. אֲבָל כִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת אֵין מְאַבְּדִין אוֹתוֹ. וְהַמַּפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי פָּחוֹת מִכִּגְרוֹגֶרֶת הֲרֵי זֶה נוֹתְנוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ וְאוֹכֵל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אֲבָל לֹא יַפְרִישֶׁנּוּ לְכַתְּחִלָּה לְאַבְּדוֹ שֶׁאֵין מַפְרִישִׁין לְאַבֵּד:
(י) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נִתָּן לַאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כג) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ". וְסִיכָה כִּשְׁתִיָּה. וְאָסוּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ בִּשְׁאָר צְרָכָיו כְּגוֹן לִקַּח בּוֹ כֵּלִים וּבְגָדִים וַעֲבָדִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כו יד) "לֹא נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת" כְּלוֹמַר לֹא הוֹצֵאתִי אוֹתוֹ בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַיֵּם אֶת הַגּוּף. וְאִם הוֹצִיא מִמֶּנּוּ בִּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים אֲפִלּוּ בִּדְבַר מִצְוָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁלָּקַח מִמֶּנּוּ אָרוֹן וְתַכְרִיכִין לְמֵת מִצְוָה הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל כְּנֶגְדּוֹ בְּתוֹרַת מַעֲשֵׂר:
(יא) מַעֲשֵׂר אוֹכֵל דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהֵאָכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לִשְׁתּוֹת וְסָךְ דָּבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לָסוּךְ. וְלֹא יָסוּךְ יַיִן וְחֹמֶץ אֲבָל סָךְ הוּא אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן. וְלֹא יִסְחֹט אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת לְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין חוּץ מִזֵּיתִים וַעֲנָבִים בִּלְבַד. [וְאֵין מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַשֶּׁמֶן אֲבָל מְפַטְּמִין אֶת הַיַּיִן]. וְאֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לֶאֱכל פַּת שֶׁעִפְּשָׁה וְשֶׁמֶן שֶׁנִּסְרַח. אֶלָּא כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּפְסַל מֵאֹכֶל אָדָם פָּקְעָה קְדֻשָּׁה מִמֶּנּוּ:
(יב) כָּל שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְזָרִים לְאָכְלוֹ בִּתְרוּמָה כָּךְ מֻתָּר בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לְאָכְלוֹ בְּתוֹרַת חֻלִּין. שְׁמָרִים שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁנָּתַן עֲלֵיהֶם מַיִם. רִאשׁוֹן אָסוּר כְּמַעֲשֵׂר וְשֵׁנִי מֻתָּר כְּחֻלִּין. וְשֶׁל דְּמַאי אֲפִלּוּ רִאשׁוֹן מֻתָּר:
(יג) יַיִן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ דְּבַשׁ וְהַתַּבְלִין וְהִשְׁבִּיחוּ הַשֶּׁבַח לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. וְכֵן דָּגִים שֶׁנִּתְבַּשְּׁלוּ עִם קַפְלוֹטוֹת שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהִשְׁבִּיחוּ הַשֶּׁבַח לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן:
(יד) עִסָּה שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁאֲפָאָהּ וְהִשְׁבִּיחָה הַשֶּׁבַח לַשֵּׁנִי. זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל שֶׁשִּׁבְחוֹ נִכָּר אִם הוֹתִיר בְּמִדָּה הַשֶּׁבַח לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. וְאִם לֹא הוֹתִיר הַמִּדָּה הַשֶּׁבַח לַשֵּׁנִי בִּלְבַד. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין שִׁבְחוֹ נִכָּר אֲפִלּוּ הוֹתִיר הַמִּדָּה הַשֶּׁבַח לַשֵּׁנִי בִּלְבַד:
(טו) כֵּיצַד הַשֶּׁבַח. לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. יַיִן שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁשָּׁוֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ דְּבַשׁ וְתַבְלִין שָׁוֶה זוּז אֶחָד וְהוֹסִיפָה בְּמִדָּתוֹ וְהִשְׁבִּיחוּהוּ וַהֲרֵי הַכּל שָׁוֶה חֲמִשָּׁה חוֹשְבִין הַכּל בְּאַרְבָּעָה וּרְבִיעַ. וְכֵן עַל דֶּרֶךְ זֶה בִּשְׁאָר הַדְּבָרִים:
(טז) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתָּן לְסִיכָה אֵין נוֹתְנִין אוֹתוֹ לֹא עַל גַּבֵּי צִינִית וְלֹא עַל גַּבֵּי חֲזָזִית. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין מִמֶּנּוּ קָמֵעַ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נִתַּן לִרְפוּאָה:
(יז) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מָמוֹן גָּבוֹהַּ הוּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כז ל) "לַה' הוּא". לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ נִקְנֶה בְּמַתָּנָה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נָתַן לוֹ הַטֶּבֶל וְהַמְקַבֵּל מַפְרִישׁ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בּוֹ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְאֵין מוֹכְרִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מַחְלִיפִין אוֹתוֹ וְאֵין מַרְהִינִין אוֹתוֹ:
(יח) כֵּיצַד אֵין מְמַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתוֹ. לֹא יִכָּנֵס לְבֵיתוֹ וִימַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ. עָבַר וּמִשְׁכְּנוֹ מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּדוֹ. כֵּיצַד אֵין מַרְהִינִין אוֹתוֹ. לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ הֵא לְךָ מַעֲשֵׂר זֶה וְיִהְיֶה בְּיָדְךָ וְתֵן לִי עָלָיו מָעוֹת. כֵּיצַד אֵין מַחְלִיפִין אוֹתוֹ. לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ הֵא לְךָ יֵין מַעֲשֵׂר וְתֵן לִי שֶׁמֶן מַעֲשֵׂר. אֲבָל אוֹמֵר לוֹ הֵא לְךָ יַיִן שֶׁאֵין לִי שֶׁמֶן וְאִם רָצָה חֲבֵרוֹ לִתֵּן לוֹ שֶׁמֶן מֻתָּר שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא הֶחֱלִיף עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא הוֹדִיעוֹ שֶׁאֵין לוֹ וְאִם רָצָה הַלָּה לִתֵּן יִתֵּן:
(יט) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֵין שׁוֹקְלִין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אֲפִלּוּ דִּינְרֵי זָהָב. וַאֲפִלּוּ לְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַחֵר גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא לֹא יְכַוֵּן מִמֶּנּוּ מִשְׁקָלוֹ וְנִמְצְאוּ הַפֵּרוֹת חֲסֵרִים וְהוּא שׁוֹקֵל בָּהֶן מָעוֹת לְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲשֵׂר אַחֵר נִמְצָא מוֹצִיא מַעֲשֵׂר לְחֻלִּין בְּפָחוֹת בְּדָמָיו:
(כ) הָאַחִים שֶׁחָלְקוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֵין שׁוֹקְלִין זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה וְכֵן מְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֵין שׁוֹקְלִים כְּנֶגְדָּן וְאֵין מוֹכְרִין אוֹתָם וְאֵין מַחְלִיפִין וְלֹא מַרְהִינִין. וְלֹא יִתְּנֵם לְשֻׁלְחָנִי לְהִתְנָאוֹת בָּהֶן וְלֹא יַלְוֶה אוֹתָן לְהִתְגַּדֵּל בָּהֶן. וְאִם הִלְוָן שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲלֶה חֲלֻדָּה מֻתָּר:
(כא) וְאֵין פּוֹרְעִין מֵהֶם אֶת הַמִּלְוֶה. אֵין עוֹשִׂין מֵהֶן שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּת וְאֵין מְשַׁלְּמִין מֵהֶן הַגְּמוּלִין. וְאֵין פּוֹסְקִין מֵהֶם צְדָקָה בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת. אֲבָל מְשַׁלְּמִין מֵהֶן דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים. וְצָרִיךְ לְהוֹדִיעַ:
(כב) לֹא יֹאמַר אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ הַעַל אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְטל מֵהֶן חֶלְקְךָ שֶׁנִּמְצָא זֶה כְּנוֹטֵל שָׂכָר מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל הֲבָאָתוֹ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם. אֲבָל אוֹמֵר לוֹ הַעְלֵם שֶׁנֹּאכְלֵם וְשֶׁנִּשְׁתֵּם בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם:
(כג) אוֹמֵר אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם לָסוּךְ אוֹתוֹ בְּשֶׁמֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּסּוֹכָה יָדוֹ וְאֵין זֶה בִּשְׂכַר סִיכָתוֹ:
(כד) כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁהַמַּעֲשֵׂר מָמוֹן גָּבוֹהַּ הוּא. לְפִיכָךְ אָנוּ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁהַגּוֹנֵב מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם תַּשְׁלוּמֵי כֶּפֶל וְהַגּוֹזְלוֹ אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּם חֹמֶשׁ:
(כה) הַמַּקְדִּישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת הֲרֵי זֶה פּוֹדֶה אוֹתוֹ מִי שֶׁפּוֹדֵהוּ עַל מְנָת לִתֵּן לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ וּלְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֶת שֶׁלּוֹ:
(א) הָרוֹצֶה לִפְדּוֹת פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי פּוֹדֶה אוֹתָן בִּדְמֵיהֶן וְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ תַּחַת הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ אוֹ הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ מְחֻלָּלוֹת עַל הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ. וְאִם לֹא פֵּרֵשׁ אֶלָּא הִפְרִישׁ מָעוֹת בִּלְבַד כְּנֶגֶד הַפֵּרוֹת דַּיּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְפָרֵשׁ וְיֵצְאוּ הַפֵּרוֹת לְחֻלִּין. וְיַעֲלוּ הַמָּעוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיוֹצִיאֵם שָׁם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כד) "וְכִי יִרְבֶּה מִמְּךָ הַדֶּרֶךְ כִּי לֹא תוּכַל שְׂאֵתוֹ":
(ב) וְכֵן אִם רָצָה לְחַלֵּל פֵּרוֹת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת. יַעֲלוּ הַפֵּרוֹת הַשְּׁנִיּוֹת וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ וְלֹא מִן הַיָּפֶה עַל הָרַע וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין. וְאִם חִלֵּל הֲרֵי הֵן מְחֻלָּלוֹת:
(ג) הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מְבָרֵךְ אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל פִּדְיוֹן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. וְאִם חִלְּלָן עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת אוֹ שֶׁחִלֵּל מָעוֹת עַל הַפֵּרוֹת מְבָרֵךְ עַל חִלּוּל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. וְהַפּוֹדֶה אוֹ הַמְחַלֵּל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ בְּרָכָה:
(ד) כְּשֶׁפּוֹדִין אֶת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ לְשֵׁם מַעֲשֵׂר אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם חֻלִּין. וְאוֹמְרִין כַּמָּה שָׁוִין פֵּרוֹת חֻלִּין אֵלּוּ וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַכּל יוֹדְעִין שֶׁהֵן מַעֲשֵׂר כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְבַּזֶּה:
(ה) אֵין מְחַלְּלִין מְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל מָעוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת. בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ אֵלּוּ וְאֵלּוּ כֶּסֶף אוֹ אֵלּוּ וְאֵלּוּ נְחשֶׁת. [אוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת כֶּסֶף וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת נְחשֶׁת. אוֹ] הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת נְחשֶׁת וְהַשְּׁנִיּוֹת כֶּסֶף. וְאִם עָבַר וְחִלֵּל הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְחֻלָּלִין:
(ו) אֵין מְחַלְּלִין מָעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר עַל הַפֵּרוֹת. וְאִם חִלֵּל יַעֲלוּ הַפֵּרוֹת וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם. וְלֹא יְחַלְּלֵם עַל בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וְעוֹף חַיִּין. וְאִם חִלֵּל לֹא קָנָה מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁמָּא יְגַדֵּל מֵהֶם עֲדָרִים עֲדָרִים. אֲבָל אִם חִלֵּל עַל שְׁחוּטִים הֲרֵי הֵן כִּשְׁאָר הַפֵּרוֹת וְיַעֲלוּ וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְיֵצְאוּ הַמָּעוֹת לְחֻלִּין:
(ז) בִּשְׁעַת הַדְּחָק מֻתָּר לְחַלֵּל מָעוֹת הַכֶּסֶף עַל שֶׁל נְחשֶׁת. לֹא שֶׁיְּקַיֵּם כֵּן אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁיִּמְצָא רֶוַח. וְיַחֲזֹר וִיחַלֵּל מָעוֹת הַנְּחשֶׁת עַל מָעוֹת הַכֶּסֶף:
(ח) מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְּמַאי מְחַלְּלִים אוֹתוֹ לְכַתְּחִלָּה כֶּסֶף עַל כֶּסֶף וְכֶסֶף עַל נְחשֶׁת וּנְחשֶׁת עַל נְחשֶׁת וּנְחשֶׁת עַל הַפֵּרוֹת וְיַעֲלוּ אוֹתָן הַפֵּרוֹת וְיֵאָכְלוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם:
(ט) אֵין פּוֹדִין פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר אֶלָּא בְּכֶסֶף שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כה) "וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף". וְכֵן אִם פָּדָה לְעַצְמוֹ וְהוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ לֹא יִהְיֶה הַחֹמֶשׁ אֶלָּא כֶּסֶף כַּקֶּרֶן. וְאֵין פּוֹדִין בְּכֶסֶף שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַטְבֵּעַ אֶלָּא בְּכֶסֶף מְפֻתָּח שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו צוּרָה אוֹ כְּתָב [שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף]. וְאִם פָּדָה בְּלָשׁוֹן שֶׁל כֶּסֶף וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא אֲסִימוֹן לֹא עָשָׂה כְּלוּם. וְאֵין פּוֹדִין בְּפָחוֹת מִפְּרוּטָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְּפוֹדֶה בַּאֲסִימוֹן:
(י) אֵין פּוֹדִין בְּמַטְבֵּעַ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בְּאוֹתוֹ זְמַן וּבְאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כו) "וְנָתַתָּ הַכֶּסֶף בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ" עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה רָאוּי לְהוֹצָאָה. וּמַטְבֵּעַ מְלָכִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים אִם יוֹצֵא מִשְּׁמָם פּוֹדִין בּוֹ:
(יא) אֵינוֹ פּוֹדֶה בְּמָעוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יד כה) "וְצַרְתָּ הַכֶּסֶף בְּיָדְךָ". נָפַל כִּיסוֹ לְבוֹר וְהוּא יָכוֹל לְהוֹצִיאוֹ פּוֹדֶה בּוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ:
(יב) הָיָה בָּא בַּדֶּרֶךְ וּמָעוֹת בְּיָדוֹ וְאַנָּס בָּא כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל עַל יְדֵי הַדְּחָק פּוֹדֶה בָּהֶן פֵּרוֹת שֶׁבְּבֵיתוֹ. וְאִם לָאו וְאָמַר פֵּרוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לִי בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתִי מְחֻלָּלִין עַל הַמָּעוֹת הַלָּלוּ לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם:
(יג) הַמֵּנִיחַ מָעוֹת לִהְיוֹת מְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי הֲרֵי זֶה פּוֹדֶה בָּהֶן בְּחֶזְקַת שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִים. מְצָאָן שֶׁאָבְדוּ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לְכָל מַה שֶּׁפָּדָה בָּהֶן לְמַפְרֵעַ:
(יד) מִי שֶׁהָיָה עוֹמֵד בִּטְבֶרְיָא וְיֵשׁ לוֹ מָעוֹת (בָּבֶל) בְּבָבֶל אֵינוֹ מְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם. הָיוּ לוֹ מָעוֹת מִמַּטְבֵּעַ טְבֶרְיָא בְּבָבֶל מְחַלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:
(טו) הָאוֹמֵר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי מְחֻלָּל עַל סֶלַע שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה בְּיָדִי מִכִּיס זֶה עַל סֶלַע שֶׁאֶפְרֹט מִדִּינָר זָהָב זֶה עַל פּוּנְדְיוֹן שֶׁאֶפְרֹט מִסֶּלַע זֶה הֲרֵי זֶה חִלֵּל. וְסֶלַע שֶׁתַּעֲלֶה בְּיָדוֹ אוֹ שֶׁיִּפְרֹט תְּהִי מַעֲשֵׂר:
(טז) אָמַר הֲרֵי מַעֲשֵׂר מְחֻלָּל עַל סֶלַע שֶׁהָיְתָה בְּיַד בְּנִי לֹא חִלֵּל. שֶׁמָּא לֹא הָיְתָה בְּיָדוֹ בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה:
(יז) הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּפְרִישֶׁנּוּ כְּגוֹן שֶׁאָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל פֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ פָּדוּי בְּמָעוֹת אֵלּוּ לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם וְלֹא קָבַע מַעֲשֵׂר. אֲבָל אִם קָבַע וְאָמַר מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהֶן בַּצָּפוֹן אוֹ בַּדָּרוֹם מְחֻלָּל עַל הַמָּעוֹת אֵלּוּ הֲרֵי זֶה פָּדוּי:
(יח) כְּשֶׁפּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשָׁוְיוֹ. וְיֵשׁ לוֹ לִפְדּוֹת בַּשַּׁעַר הַזּוֹל כְּמוֹת שֶׁהַחֶנְוָנִי לוֹקֵחַ וְלֹא כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא מוֹכֵר. וְנוֹתֵן הַמָּעוֹת כְּמוֹת שֶׁהַשֻּׁלְחָנִי פּוֹרֵט לֹא כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא מְצָרֵף. וְאִם עָבַר וּפָדָה שְׁוֵה מָנֶה בִּפְרוּטָה אוֹ חִלֵּל שְׁוֵה מָנֶה עַל שְׁוֵה פְּרוּטָה הֲרֵי זֶה מְחֻלָּל:
(יט) הָיְתָה הַסֶּלַע חֲסֵרָה שְׁתוּת אוֹ פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁתוּת אִם הָיְתָה יוֹצֵאת עַל יְדֵי הַדְּחָק מְחַלֵּל עָלֶיהָ לְכַתְּחִלָּה בִּשְׁוֵה סֶלַע וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. פָּדָה בְּסֶלַע וְנִמְצֵאת רָעָה יַחֲלִיפֶנָּה:
(כ) אֵין פּוֹדִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַכְסָרָה אֶלָּא מְדַקְדֵּק בְּמִדָּתוֹ אוֹ בְּמִשְׁקָלוֹ וְנוֹתֵן דָּמָיו. אִם הָיוּ דָּמָיו יְדוּעִים יִפָּדֶה עַל פִּי אֶחָד. וְאִם דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין דָּמָיו יְדוּעִים כְּגוֹן יַיִן שֶׁהִתְחִיל לְהַחֲמִיץ וּפֵרוֹת שֶׁהִרְקִיבוּ אוֹ מָעוֹת שֶׁהֶחֱלִידוּ יִפָּדֶה עַל פִּי שְׁלֹשָׁה תַּגָּרִים וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן עַכּוּ''ם אוֹ בַּעַל הַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֲפִלּוּ אִישׁ וּשְׁתֵּי נָשָׁיו פּוֹדִין עַל פִּיהֶם. וְכוֹפִין אֶת הַבְּעָלִים לִפְתֹּחַ רִאשׁוֹן. וְזֶה חֹמֶר בְּמַעֲשֵׂר מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ:
(כא) אֵין מוֹלִיכִין פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם לִפְדּוֹתָם שָׁם. וְהַמּוֹלִיךְ מִמְּקוֹם הַיֹּקֶר לַמָּקוֹם הַזּוֹל אוֹ מִמָּקוֹם הַזּוֹל לִמְקוֹם הַיֹּקֶר פּוֹדֶה כְּשַׁעַר מְקוֹם הַפְּדִיָּה. וְאִם הָיוּ דְּמַאי פּוֹדִין אוֹתוֹ כַּשַּׁעַר הַזּוֹל הוֹאִיל וְנִרְאוּ לְהִמָּכֵר בְּזוֹל:
(כב) הָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּגֹּרֶן וְהוֹצִיא עֲלֵיהֶם יְצִיאוֹת מִבֵּיתוֹ עַד שֶׁהֱבִיאָן לָעִיר וְהִשְׁבִּיחוּ. פּוֹדֶה כְּשַׁעַר הָעִיר וְהִפְסִיד יְצִיאוֹתָיו:
(2) It is pious behavior to redeem the second tithe in this time for the same [value] as they redeemed it when the Temple [stood]. Geonim teach that if a person wants to redeem a maneh's [worth] for a p'rutah, he may so redeem as an initial [measure], [because] one need not be more stringent [with this produce] than with consecrated [produce]. The p'rutah is discarded in the Mediterranean Sea.
(א) הזהירנו מאכול מעשר שני בטומאה ואפילו בירושלים עד שיפדה, שהשורש אצלנו מעשר שנטמא פודין אותו אפילו בירושלים, כמו שהתבאר במכות (דף י"ט:), והאזהרה ממנו לא בערתי ממנו בטמא. ובאה הקבלה בין שאני טמא והוא טהור בין שאני טהור והוא טמא. ובשלישי ממכות (שם) התבאר ג"כ שהמעשר והבכורים אסור לבער מהן בטומאה והאוכלן בטומאת עצמו לוקה, אבל בתנאי שיאכל זה המעשר בטומאה בירושלים בלא פדיון, ואז ילקה כמו שזכרנו. וכבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו בסוף מכות. (כי תבא, הלכות מעשר שני פ"ג):
(א) שהזהיר מאכול מעשר שני באנינות. והוא אמרו לא אכלתי באוני. ולשון המשנה בבכורים שהמעשר והבכורים טעונין הבאת מקום וטעונין וידוי ואסורין לאונן. וכן כל אונן אסור בקדשים מזה הכתוב, וכתוב בתורה ותקראנה אותי כאלה וגו'. וכבר התבארו משפטי מצוה זו רצה לומר אנינות בשמיני מפסחים ושני מזבחים. וכל מי שאכל קדשים או מעשר באנינות לוקה. (שם, שם):
(א) כָּל בֵּית דִּירָה שֶׁהוּא יוֹצֵא מִן הַמְּדִינָה אִם הָיָה בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין הַמְּדִינָה שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וּשְׁנֵי שְׁלִישֵׁי אַמָּה שֶׁהוּא צֶלַע בֵּית סָאתַיִם הַמְרֻבַּעַת אוֹ פָּחוֹת מִזֶּה הֲרֵי זֶה מִצְטָרֵף לִמְדִינָה וְנֶחְשָׁב מִמֶּנָּה. וּכְשֶׁמּוֹדְדִין לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ מוֹדְדִין חוּץ מִבֵּית דִּירָה זֶה:
(ב) הָיָה בַּיִת זֶה קָרוֹב לַמְּדִינָה בְּשִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וּבַיִת שֵׁנִי קָרוֹב לְבַיִת רִאשׁוֹן בְּשִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וּבַיִת שְׁלִישִׁי קָרוֹב לַשֵּׁנִי בְּשִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְכֵן עַד מַהֲלַךְ כַּמָּה יָמִים הֲרֵי הַכּל כִּמְדִינָה אַחַת וּכְשֶׁמּוֹדְדִין מוֹדְדִין מִחוּץ לַבַּיִת הָאַחֲרוֹן. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בֵּית דִּירָה זֶה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אוֹ יֶתֶר:
(ג) וְכֵן בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בֵּית דִּירָה לְחַזָּנִין וּבֵית עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ בֵּית דִּירָה לְכֹהֲנֵיהֶם וְהָאוֹצָרוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית דִּירָה וְהַגֶּשֶׁר וְהַקֶּבֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית דִּירָה וְשָׁלֹשׁ מְחִצּוֹת שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ תִּקְרָה וְיֵשׁ בָּהֶן אַרְבַּע עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין וְהַבַּיִת הַבָּנוּי בַּיָּם וּשְׁתֵּי מְחִצּוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ עֲלֵיהֶן תִּקְרָה וּמְעָרָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בִּנְיָן עַל פִּיהָ וְיֵשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית דִּירָה. כָּל אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפִין עִמָּהּ אִם הָיוּ בְּתוֹךְ שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם. וּמֵאוֹתוֹ הַבַּיִת הַיּוֹצֵא רוֹאִין כְּאִלּוּ חוּט מָתוּחַ עַל פְּנֵי כָּל הַמְּדִינָה וּמוֹדְדִין חוּץ לְאוֹתוֹ הַחוּט אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה:
(ד) וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין מִצְטָרְפִין עִמָּהּ. שְׁתֵּי מְחִצּוֹת שֶׁאֵין עֲלֵיהֶן תִּקְרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁדָּרִין בֵּינֵיהֶן. וְהַגֶּשֶׁר וְהַקֶּבֶר וּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וּבֵית עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים וּמַזָּלוֹת וְהָאוֹצָרוֹת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן בֵּית דִּירָה וְהַבּוֹר וְהַשִּׁיחַ וְהַמְּעָרָה וְהַשּׁוֹבָךְ וּבַיִת שֶׁבַּסְּפִינָה כָּל אֵלּוּ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין עִמָּהּ:
(ה) הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת זוֹ סְמוּכָה לָזוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶן מֵאָה וְאַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת וּשְׁלִישׁ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם לָזוֹ וְשִׁבְעִים אַמָּה וְשִׁירַיִם לָזוֹ חוֹשְבִין שְׁתֵּיהֶן כְּעִיר אַחַת וְנִמְצֵאת כָּל עִיר מֵהֶן מְהַלֶּכֶת אֶת כָּל הָעִיר הַשְּׁנִיָּה וָחוּצָה לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה. הָיוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה כְּפָרִים מְשֻׁלָּשִׁין אִם יֵשׁ בֵּין הָאֶמְצָעִי וּבֵין כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מִן הַחִיצוֹנִים אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה אוֹ פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן וּבֵין הַשְּׁנַיִם הַחִיצוֹנִים מָאתַיִם שָׁלֹשׁ וּשְׁמוֹנִים פָּחוֹת שְׁלִישׁ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בֵּין כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן וּבֵין הָאֶמְצָעִי כְּשֶׁתִּרְאֶה אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא בֵּינֵיהֶן מֵאָה וְאַרְבָּעִים וְאַחַת אַמָּה וּשְׁלִישׁ הֲרֵי שְׁלָשְׁתָּן כִּמְדִינָה אַחַת וּמוֹדְדִין אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ מִחוּץ לִשְׁלָשְׁתָּן. עִיר שֶׁהֻקְּפָה וּלְבַסּוֹף יָשְׁבָה מוֹדְדִין לָהּ מִישִׁיבָתָהּ. יָשְׁבָה וּלְבַסּוֹף הֻקְּפָה מוֹדְדִין לָהּ מֵחוֹמוֹתֶיהָ:
(ו) עִיר שֶׁהָיְתָה אֲרֻכָּה אוֹ מְרֻבַּעַת הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ לָהּ אַרְבַּע זָוִיּוֹת שָׁווֹת מַנִּיחִין אוֹתָהּ כְּמוֹת שֶׁהִיא וּמוֹדְדִין לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ. הָיְתָה עֲגֻלָּה עוֹשִׂין לָהּ זָוִיּוֹת וְרוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא בְּתוֹךְ הַמְרֻבָּע וּמוֹדְדִין חוּץ מִצַּלְעוֹת אוֹתוֹ מְרֻבָּע אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ שֶׁנִּמְצָא מִשְׂתַּכֵּר הַזָּוִיּוֹת:
(ז) וְכֵן אִם הָיְתָה הָעִיר מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת אוֹ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ צְלָעוֹת רַבּוֹת מְרַבְּעִין אוֹתָהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹדְדִין חוּץ לַמְרֻבָּע אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מְרַבְּעָהּ מְרַבְּעָהּ בְּרִבּוּעַ הָעוֹלָם כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא כָּל רוּחַ מִמֶּנָּה מְשׁוּכָה כְּנֶגֶד רוּחַ מֵרוּחוֹת הָעוֹלָם וּמְכֻוֶּנֶת כְּנֶגְדָּהּ:
(ח) הָיְתָה רְחָבָה מִצַּד אֶחָד וּקְצָרָה מִצַּד אֶחָד רוֹאִין אוֹתָהּ כְּאִלּוּ הִיא כֻּלָּהּ רְחָבָה. הָיְתָה עֲשׂוּיָה כְּמִין גַּ''ם אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה עֲשׂוּיָה כְּקֶשֶׁת אִם יֵשׁ בֵּין שְׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּעַת אֲלָפִים אַמָּה מוֹדְדִין לָהּ מִן הַיֶּתֶר וְרוֹאִין אֶת כָּל הָרֹחַב שֶׁבֵּין הַיֶּתֶר וְהַקֶּשֶׁת כְּאִלּוּ הוּא מָלֵא בָּתִּים. וְאִם הָיָה בֵּין שְׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ אַרְבַּעַת אֲלָפִים אֵין מוֹדְדִין לָהּ אֶלָּא מִן הַקֶּשֶׁת:
(ט) עִיר שֶׁיּוֹשֶׁבֶת עַל שְׂפַת הַנַּחַל. אִם יֵשׁ לְפָנֶיהָ דַּקָּה רֹחַב אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל שְׂפַת הַנַּחַל כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעַמְדוּ עָלֶיהָ וְיִשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּ בַּנַּחַל נִמְצָא הַנַּחַל בִּכְלַל הָעִיר וּמוֹדְדִין לָהּ אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה מִשְּׂפַת הַנַּחַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה וְיֵעָשֶׂה הַנַּחַל כֻּלּוֹ בִּכְלַל הַמְּדִינָה מִפְּנֵי הַדַּקָּה הַבְּנוּיָה מִצִּדּוֹ. וְאִם לֹא הָיָה שָׁם דַּקָּה אֵין מוֹדְדִין לָהֶן אֶלָּא מִפֶּתַח בָּתֵּיהֶן וְנִמְצָא הַנַּחַל נִמְדָּד מִן הָאַלְפַּיִם שֶׁלָּהֶם:
(י) יוֹשְׁבֵי צְרִיפִין אֵין מוֹדְדִין לָהֶן אֶלָּא מִפֶּתַח בָּתֵּיהֶן. וְאִם יֵשׁ שָׁם שָׁלֹשׁ חֲצֵרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁנֵי שְׁנֵי בָּתִּים הֻקְבְּעוּ כֻּלָּם וּמְרַבְּעִין אוֹתָהּ וְנוֹתְנִין לָהֶם אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ כִּשְׁאָר הָעֲיָרוֹת:
(יא) אֵין מוֹדְדִין אֶלָּא בְּחֶבֶל שֶׁל חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה לֹא פָּחוֹת וְלֹא יֶתֶר וּבְחֶבֶל שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּשֵׁךְ יוֹתֵר מִדַּאי. הִגִּיעַ לְגַיְא אִם הָיָה רָחְבּוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים אַמָּה שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְהַבְלִיעוֹ בְּחֶבֶל הַמִּדָּה מַבְלִיעוֹ וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְּעָמְקוֹ פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּעַת אֲלָפִים:
(יב) בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים שֶׁהָיָה חוּט הַמִּשְׁקלֶת יוֹרֵד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם אֵין חוּט הַמִּשְׁקלֶת יוֹרֵד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אֵינוֹ מַבְלִיעוֹ אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה עָמְקוֹ אַלְפַּיִם אוֹ פָּחוֹת מִכֵּן:
(יג) הָיָה גַּיְא מְעֻקָּם מְקַדֵּר וְעוֹלֶה מְקַדֵּר וְיוֹרֵד. הָיָה גַּיְא רָחָב מֵחֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַבְלִיעוֹ הוֹלֵךְ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהַבְלִיעוֹ וּמַבְלִיעוֹ וְצוֹפֶה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּתוֹ וְחוֹזֵר:
(יד) הִגִּיעַ לְכֹתֶל אֵין אוֹמְרִים יִקֹּב אֶת הַכֹּתֶל אֶלָּא אוֹמֵד רָחְבּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ. וְאִם אֶפְשָׁר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ מוֹדְדוֹ מְדִידָה יָפָה. וְאִם הָיָה חוּט הַמִּשְׁקלֶת יוֹרֵד כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מוֹדֵד רָחְבּוֹ מְדִידָה יָפָה:
(טו) הִגִּיעַ לְהַר אִם הָיָה הַר מִתְלַקֵּט מִמֶּנּוּ גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים בְּאֹרֶךְ חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת מַבְלִיעוֹ וְחוֹזֵר לְמִדָּתוֹ. וְאִם הָיָה גָּבוֹהַּ הַרְבֵּה עַד שֶׁיִּתְלַקֵּט מִמֶּנּוּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים מִתּוֹךְ מֶשֶׁךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת אוֹמְדוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַבְלִיעוֹ כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה רָחְבּוֹ יֶתֶר מֵחֲמִשִּׁים מְקַדְּרוֹ מְעַט מְעַט. וְזֶה הוּא שֶׁאָמְרוּ מְקַדְּרִין בֶּהָרִים:
(טז) כֵּיצַד מְקַדְּרִין בְּהָרִים אוֹ בְּגֵיאָיוֹת שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַבְלִיעָן. אוֹחֲזִין שְׁנַיִם חֶבֶל שֶׁל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת הָעֶלְיוֹן אוֹחֵז קְצָתוֹ מִכְּנֶגֶד מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן אוֹחֵז בַּקָּצֶה הַשֵּׁנִי כְּנֶגֶד לִבּוֹ וְחוֹזֵר הָעֶלְיוֹן לַעֲמֹד בִּמְקוֹם הַתַּחְתּוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן יוֹרֵד וּמַרְחִיק מִמֶּנּוּ מִדַּת הַחֶבֶל וְכֵן מִתְגַּלְגְּלִים וְהוֹלְכִין עַד שֶׁמּוֹדְדִין אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. וּכְשֶׁיֵּלֵךְ הַמּוֹדֵד לְהַבְלִיעַ הָהָר אוֹ הַגַּיְא לֹא יֵצֵא חוּץ לַתְּחוּם שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאוּ אוֹתוֹ הָעוֹבְרִים וְיֹאמְרוּ מִדַּת תְּחוּמִין בָּאָה לְכָאן:
(יז) אֵין סוֹמְכִין אֶלָּא עַל מְדִידַת אָדָם מֻמְחֶה שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ מִדַּת הַקַּרְקַע. הָיוּ לָנוּ תְּחוּמֵי שַׁבָּת מֻחְזָקִין וּבָא מֻמְחֶה וּמָדַד רִבָּה בַּתְּחוּם מֵהֶן וּמִעֵט בַּתְּחוּם. שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ בַּתְּחוּם שֶׁרִבָּה. וְכֵן אִם בָּאוּ שְׁנַיִם מֻמְחִין וּמָדְדוּ הַתְּחוּם אֶחָד רִבָּה וְאֶחָד מִעֵט שׁוֹמְעִין לַמְרַבֶּה. וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְרַבֶּה יֶתֶר מִמִּדַּת אֲלַכְסוֹנָהּ שֶׁל עִיר:
(יח) כֵּיצַד. בְּעֵת שֶׁיְּרַבֶּה זֶה נֹאמַר שֶׁמָּא הָרִאשׁוֹן מִקֶּרֶן אֲלַכְסוֹן שֶׁל עִיר מָדַד הָאַלְפַּיִם וּלְפִיכָךְ מִעֵט מִדָּתוֹ וְנִמְצָא צֶלַע הַתְּחוּם בֵּינוֹ וּבֵין הַמְּדִינָה פָּחוֹת מֵאַלְפַּיִם. וְזֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן מָדַד אַלְפַּיִם מִצֶּלַע הַמְּדִינָה. וְאֵין מַחֲזִיקִין עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁטָּעָה בְּיוֹתֵר עַל זֶה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם רִבָּה זֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן יֶתֶר עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲפִלּוּ בַּחֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וּשְׁמוֹנִים אַמָּה בְּקֵרוּב שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. בְּיוֹתֵר עַל זֶה אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ:
(יט) אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה נֶאֱמָנִין לוֹמַר עַד כָּאן תְּחוּם הַשַּׁבָּת. וְנֶאֱמָן הַגָּדוֹל לוֹמַר זָכוּר אֲנִי שֶׁעַד כָּאן הָיִינוּ בָּאִים בְּשַׁבָּת כְּשֶׁהָיִיתִי קָטָן. וְסוֹמְכִין עַל עֵדוּתוֹ בְּדָבָר זֶה. שֶׁלֹּא אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים בַּדָּבָר לְהַחֲמִיר אֶלָּא לְהָקֵל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשִּׁעוּר אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם:
(1) [Regarding] any house of residence that is outside of the city: If there was seventy and two thirds ells—which is one side of two beit seah squared—or less between it and the city, it is surely combined to the city and considered to be a part of it. And when we measure two thousand ells to each side of [the city], we measure outwards from this house of residence.
(2) [If] this house was seventy ells adjacent from the city and a second house was seventy ells adjacent from the first house and a third house was seventy ells adjacent from the second house and so on for a journey of several days, it is surely all like one city. And when we measure, we measure from the last house. And that is so long as the house has four ells by four ells or more.
(3) And likewise a synagogue that has a house in it for the cantors; a house of idolatry that has a house in it for its priests; storehouses that have a house of residence in them; a bridge or a graveyard that has a house of residence in them; three partitions without a roof upon them but with four by four ells; guardhouses; a house built on the sea; two partitions that have a roof upon them; and a cave that has a building at its mouth and a house of residence in it—all of these combine to [the city], if they were within seventy ells and a bit. And we see it as if a string was extended from that house to the edges of all of the city; and we measure two thousand ells from that string outwards.
(4) And these do not combine with [the city]: two partitions that do not have a roof even though [people] dwell between them; a bridge, a graveyard, a synagogue, a house of idolatry and storehouses that do not have a house of residence; a pit; a ditch; a cave; a dovecote; and a house on a ship. All these, and that which is similar to them, do not combine with it.
(5) [Regarding] two cities that were proximate to one another: If there is [no more than] one hundred forty one and a third ells—such that there be seventy ells and a bit for this one and seventy ells and a bit for that one—we consider them one city. And it comes out that [the people in] each of these cities can walk though all of the second city and two thousand ells outwards from it. [Regarding] three villages that were in a triangle: If there was two thousand ells or less between the middle one and each one of the two outer ones; and two hundred eighty three ells minus a third between the two outer ones, such that there be one hundred and forty and a third ells between each one of them and the middle one if you look at it as if the middle one was between them (on a straight line)—the three of them are surely like one city. And we measure two thousand ells in each direction from outside [all] three of them. A city that was encircled [by a wall] and later settled is measured from its settlement; a city that was settled and then encircled is measured from its walls.
(6) [In the case of] a city that was rectangular or square: Since it has four corners of equal [angles], we leave it as it is and measure two thousand ells in each direction of its four directions. [If] it was round, we make corners for it and see it as if it is within a square, and measure two thousand ells from the sides of that square in each direction—such that it comes out that it gains the corners [of that square that extends beyond the circle].
(7) And likewise if the city was like a triangle or had many sides, we make it into a square and then measure two thousand ells from the square in each direction. And when one squares it, he squares it in the [directions] of the world—so that each of its directions extends across from one of the directions of the world and faces it.
(8) [If] it was wide on one side and narrow on the other side, we see it as if it was all wide. [If] it was made like a type of a [Greek letter,] gamma (an L shape) or made like an arch: If there was less than four thousand ells between its two ends, we measure it from [the outer edge of] the gap and look at the entire space between the gap and the arch as if it was filled with houses. But if there was more than four thousand ells between the two ends, we only measure it from the [actual] arch.
(9) [In the case of a] city that sits upon a riverbank: If there is a dock four ells wide in front of it, upon the riverbank, so that [people] may stand upon it and use the river—it comes out that the river is included in the city. So we measure for [the city] two thousand ells from the second bank of the river, and the whole river [adjacent to the city] is included in the city because of the dock built on its side. But if there was no dock there, we only measure from the entrance of their houses; and it comes out that the river is measured as [part of] their two thousand [ells].
(10) We only measure [the perimeter] of those who dwell in shacks from the entrance of their houses. But if there were three courtyards of two houses each [there], they are all made permanent (and attain the status of a city regarding the perimeter). So we square it and give them two thousand ells in each direction like other cities.
(11) We may only measure with a rope of fifty ells—not less and not more—and with a rope of flax, so that it will not stretch too much. [If] one reached a vale [while measuring]: If it is [no more than] fifty ells, such that he he can subsume it with the measure of the rope, he subsumes it (he surveys it according to the measure of the rope stretched flatly over it). And that is so long as its depth is less than four thousand ells.
(12) To what are these words applicable? When a plumb line descends [directly] in front of him, such that it is impossible to use [the slope]. But if the plumb line does not descend in front of him, he does not subsume it unless its depth is two thousand ells or less.
(13) [If] the vale is sloped, one 'pierces' (see 28: 16) and ascends, 'pierces' and descends. [If] the vale was wider than fifty—such that one may not subsume it (due to the size of the rope)—he may walk to a place [where it is narrower, such] that he can subsume it, [then] subsume it, scout the measure across from it and return.
(14) [If] he reached a wall, we do not say, 'pierce' the wall. Rather one estimates its width and goes on. But if it is possible to use it, he must measure it properly. And if the plumb line descends [directly from the wall] in front of him, he must [also] measure its width properly.
(15) [If] he reached a hill: It the hill slopes ten handbreadths [of height] within five ells, one subsumes it and goes back to his measuring. But if it was very tall—to the point that it slopes ten handbreadths within the space of four ells—he estimates it and goes on. And if he is unable to subsume it—such as when it is wider than fifty—he 'pierces' it, little by little. And this is [the meaning of] that which they said, "We 'pierce' the hills."
(16) How do we 'pierce' in hills or vales that one cannot subsume? Two [surveyors] hold a rope of four ells: The higher one holds his end across from his feet and the lower one holds the second end across from this heart. And the higher one returns to stand in the place of the lower one, while the lower one descends and distances himself from him the length of the rope. And they repeat and continue [this] until they have measured all of it. And when the surveyor walks to subsume the hill or the vale, he does not go out of the perimeter; so that passersby not see him and say [that] the measure of the perimeters [reaches] there.
(17) We only rely upon the measurement of someone who is an expert, as he knows the measurement of the ground. If we had Shabbat perimeters that had been established and an expert came and measured, increasing (expanding) some of the perimeter and decreasing [some] of the perimeter—we listen to him about the perimeter that he increased. And likewise if two experts came and measured the perimeter—one increasing [it] and one decreasing [it]—we listen to the one who increases [it]. And this is so long as he does not increase it more than the measure of the city's diagonal.
(18) How is this? At the time that this one increases [over the other], we say [that] perhaps the first one measured two thousand [ells] diagonally from the corner of the city; whereas the latter measured the two thousand from the [middle of the] edge of the city. But we do not assume that the first erred more than this. Hence if this latter one increased about five hundred and eighty ells more than the first one, we listen to him; more than this, we do not listen to him.
(19) Even a slave or a maidservant is believed (to provide legal testimony) when they say [that] the perimeter of Shabbat is until here. And an adult is believed to say, "I remember that we come [only] up to here on Shabbat when I was a child." And we rely upon his testimony in this thing. For the sages did not speak about the matter to be stringent, but rather to be lenient—since the [requisite] measurement of two thousand ells is from their words (rabbinic).
(טז) לא הותר לנשוי לאחוז באמה אלא להשתין אבל להתחכך לא:
(יז) המשהה נקביו עובר משום בל תשקצו:
(א) דיני נטילת ידים ובו כג סעיפים:
ירחץ ידיו ויברך על נטילת ידים: הגה וי"א גם אשר יצר ואפי' לא עשה צרכיו (וכן נהגו) (אבודרהם) מים הפסולים לנטילת ידים לסעודה לקמן סימן ק"ס כשרים לנטילת ידים לתפלה מיהו יש מי שאומר דלא מברך עלייהו:
(16) One who is married is not permitted to grasp the organ except to urinate. However, he is not to brush against it.
(17) One who delays his cavities [from elimination] transgresses the commandment, "You shall not make yourselves loathsome."
(1) When one washes his hands, he should recite the blessing "... regarding washing the hands. Gloss: And some also say "He Who Formed" (Asher Yatzar), even if he did not relieve himself, and this is our practice (Abudirham). Water that is invalid to use for a meal (below, Chapter 160) is permitted to use for washing one's hands for prayers. However, some say that one should not recite the blessing on this kind of water.
(א) להבין מ"ש בפע"ח דבזמן הזה עיקר הבירור ע"י התפלה דוקא אף שתלמוד תורה למעלה מהתפלה. הענין הוא שע"י תו"מ מוסיפין אור באצי' כו'. פי' אור א"ס ב"ה בכלים דאצי' ע"י ת"ת בפנימית דהיינו המשכות המוחין ובקיום המצות בחיצונית הכלים שהם בחי' נה"י שבי"ס ז"א שבאצי' רק שמתלבשים בבי"ע בתורה ומצות הגשמיים שבעוה"ז. אבל התפלה היא המשכת אור א"ס ב"ה לבי"ע דוקא לא בדרך התלבשות בלבד רק האור ממש לשנות הנבראים מכמות שהם שיתרפא החולה וירד הגשם משמים לארץ ויולידה ויצמיחה. משא"כ בתו"מ שאין שינוי בקלף התפילין ע"י הנחתן בראש ובזרוע וגם במצות שעשייתן הוא גמר מצותן השינוי הוא ע"י אדם ולא בידי שמים כבתפלה שהיא המשכת החיות מא"ס ב"ה שהוא לבדו כל יכול והלכך כדי להמשיך אור א"ס ב"ה למטה א"א בלי העלאת מ"ן מלמטה דוקא. משא"כ לת"ת שבאצי' המיוחדת בלא"ה במאציל ב"ה והעלאת מ"ן במוחו ולבו של אדם היא בחי' רשפי אש בלי גבול ונק' מאדך כדי לעורר בחי' א"ס והיינו ע"י גבורות דס"ג שהן הן הרפ"ח ניצוצין כו' ולכן נק' התפלה חיי שעה היא מלכות היורדת בבי"ע ותורה חיי עולם הוא ז"א כי רמ"ח פקודין הן מתחלקין בי' כלים דע"ס דז"א כו'. והנה במ"א כתב שרמ"ח מ"ע הן בה' חסדים ושס"ה ל"ת בה"ג וכו' ובמ"א כתב שהן תרי"ג ארחין נמשכין מחד ארחא כו' שהוא לבנונית וכו'. אך הענין שכל המצות לתקן רמ"ח אברי ז"א ע"י המשכת אור א"ס ב"ה במוחין הכלולין בה"ח וה"ג ומקור המוחין הוא לבנונית כו' הוא הענג וחפץ העליון להמשיך האור למטה לרמ"ח אברין דז"א ומתחלקת ההמשכה לתרי"ג המשכות פרטיות לפי בחי' ערך המצות כגון בצדקה וגמ"ח נמשך אור א"ס ב"ה לחיצוני' הכלי דחסד דז"א ובקיום הדינין בחיצונית גבורה וברחמים כו'. ודרך ומעבר ההמשכה הוא ע"י פנימי' הכלים ומוחותיהן שהן דו"ר שכליים או טבעיים שהן בחי' מוחין דקטנות וגדלות ולזה ביקש משה רבינו ע"ה מאד לקיים המצות מעשיות התלויות בארץ שהן תכלית ההשתלשלות להמשיך אור א"ס ב"ה לברר הכלים דז"א דבי"ע שבהן הן הרפ"ח ניצוצין ע"י תו"מ מעשיות שבבי"ע דוקא. והנה לקיום מצוה שא"א לעשות ע"י אחרים מבטלין ת"ת ואפי' מעשה מרכבה וכש"כ תפלה שהיא בחי' מוחין ודו"ר שכליים והטעם כנ"ל. ועוד זאת שבאמת מאד גדלה וגבהה מעלת המצות מעשיות וכן לימודם על מעלת המוחין שהן דו"ר שכליים כי הגם דכתיב ולדבקה בו ע"י מדותיו מ"מ איננו דבק אפי' במדות העליונות אלא במציאותן ולא במהותן וכמ"ש ואנכי עפר ואפר וכש"כ באור א"ס ב"ה דלית מחשבה תפיסא בי' באורו והתפשטות החיות ממנו ית' כ"א במציאותו שהוא שמחיה את כולם ולא במהותו אפי' לעליונים כמ"ש קדוש ק' ק' ה' צבאות כו' לבד עלולים הנאצלים משיגים כ"א בעילתו כפי הסדר שבע"ח בהתלבשות הפרצופים אבל לא בנבראים אפי' בנשמות דאצי' כמ"ש במשה רבינו ע"ה וראית את אחורי כו'. משא"כ מעשה המצות מעשה אלקים המה הנה בדרך השתלשלות מכלים דאצי' לבי"ע ממהותן ועצמותן דחיצוניותן כמו עד"מ אתרוג ומיניו הלביש בהן הקב"ה ממהותן ועצמותן דחסדים [פנימית] [פנימים] דז"א והיינו מבחי' חיצוניותן כנודע בכל מצות מעשיות משא"כ האדם אפי' יש לו נשמה דאצי' מאחר שמלובשת בגוף לא יוכל למצוא בנפשו ולהשיג מהותן ועצמותן של פנימית החסדים דז"א דאצי' (כי האצי' היא בחי' חיה בכללות העולמות אבי"ע שהיא בחי' מקיף מלמעלה ואינה מתלבשת בכלי כלל) כ"א מציאותן ע"י דחילו ורחימו שכליים. ומ"ש וראית את אחורי הוא בדרך נבואה דוקא. (שהוא התפשטות הגשמיות כמ"ש בר"מ פ' משפטים). והיינו הטעם לפי שא"א לנברא להשיג כלום במהות האלקות שהוא הבורא ובלי השגה אין זו הלבשה ותפיסא ודביקות אמיתית. משא"כ האתרוג עד"מ חיותו נמשכה ונשתלשלה ממהות חיצונית דכלים דנוק' דז"א דאצי' שהוא בחי' אלקות כמ"ש בע"ח שכל הפירות הן באצי' כי למ"ד כלים דאצי' ירדו לבי"ע (והן יו"ד מאמרות שבהן נברא העולם) ע"י התלבשות בנוק' דעשי' מהות במהות כי הכלים דאצי' נעשו נשמה בעשי' שהיא בחי' אלקות ממש לפי שבאצי' איהו וגרמוהי חד המאציל והנאצל וע"י התלבשות מהות הנשמה במהות הכלים דנוק' דעשיה נתהוה האתרוג נמצא כשתופס האתרוג ומנענעו כהלכתו ה"ז תופס ממש חיותו המלובש בו מנוק' דאצי' המיוחדת באור א"ס המאציל ב"ה. משא"כ בכוונתו אינו משיג ותופס אף היודע הסוד. אלא מציאותה ולא מהותה אך בלימוד הלכות אתרוג משיג ותופס האתרוג ממש ומצותו כהלכה בבחי' דבור ומחשבה וכש"כ הלומד הסוד אבל דוקא סודות המצוה דלא גרע מלימוד הלכותיה ואדרבה כו' אף שאינו משיג המהות. משא"כ בסדר ההשתלשלות אף אם משיג המציאות לא עדיף מצד עצמו כלימוד המצות שמשיג ותופס המהות ומעלה עליו כאילו קיים בפועל ממש כמ"ש זאת התורה כו' אלא שידיעת המציאות מההשתלשלות היא ג"כ מצוה רבה ונשאה ואדרבה עולה על כולנה כמ"ש וידעת היום כו' דע את אלקי אביך כו' ומביאה ללב שלם כו' שהוא העיקר והשגת המציאות הוא להפשיט מגשמיות כו' רק שזו היא מצוה אחת מתרי"ג והאדם צריך לקיים כל תרי"ג לפי שהן השתלשלות המהות דחיצונית דכלים דאצי' לכך צריך להרבות בלימוד כל התרי"ג וקיומן בפועל ממש במחדו"מ שהן בי"ע לברר בירורין אשר שם. ועוד זאת שבאמת הבירורין שבבי"ע מרפ"ח ע"י תורה ומצות במחשבה דבור ומעשה גבוהין בשרשן מנר"ן שבאדם כי הן מס"ג שבפנימית א"ק ונר"ן שכבר נתקנו ע"י מ"ה הוא יוצא מהמצח הארה בעלמא. וז"ש לפני מלוך מלך כו' וה"ט שהאדם חי במזונות דצ"ח ומבררן במ"ה שבו וחי בהם לפי שהם מס"ג. ועוד זאת כמ"ש ופני לא יראו שפנימית העליון אינו יכול לירד למטה רק חיצוניותו ובחי' אחוריים שהוא נובלות חכמה עילאה ועוד זאת שהרי הדבור מדברי חכמה עילאה אינו מוליד והטפה שנמשכה מהכלי דח"ע יש בה כח המוליד ומהווה יש מאין וגם המשכת ח"ע כלולה בה והטעם מפני שבה נמשך מהותה ועצמותה דח"ע. משא"כ בדבור ומחשבה ואפי' בהשכלת השכל באיזו חכמה הרי חכמה זו רק הארה מתפשטת ממהות השכל שבנפש ועצמותו והארה זו היא רק לבוש למהותו ועצמותו של השכל והשכל הוא הארה ולבוש למהות הנפש. משא"כ הטפה נמשך בה גם ממהות הנפש ועצמותה המלובשת במוחין ולכן מולידה בדומה לה ממש. וזהו ההפרש בין עבודת המלאכים היוצאין מנשיקין להנשמות היוצאין מהכלים אך הכלים דאצי' נעשו נשמה לבי"ע והלכך דחילו ורחימו שכליים הן כמלאכים דנשיקין מהארת חיצונית דחב"ד בבי"ע והטעם משום דפנימית חב"ד ומהותו ועצמותו של אור פנימי אינו יכול להתגלות אלא ע"י הארת הכלים דוקא היורדים למטה כטיפת האדם ממוחין וכמ"ש ופני לא יראו. ובר מן כל דין אפי' בנשמה דאצי' אף שהיא מכלים דאצי' וכן בנפש רוח מכלים דיצי' עשי' הנה רחימו [אולי צ"ל דו"ר] שכליי' שלהם מעוררים ג"כ בכלים דיצי' עשי' בחי' העלאה ממטה למעלה באתערותא דלתתא וזהו בחי' הסתלקות לבד ח"ו. אבל בחי' המשכה מלמעלה למטה הוא ע"י מצות מעשיות דוקא להמשיך אור בכלים ובחיצונית הכלים דוקא שחיצוניות העליון יורד למטה ופנימיות התחתון עולה למעלה וז"ש בזהר פ' פקודי הנ"ל דאית סדורא כו' ושתיהן צורך גבוה העלאה והמשכה ע"י העלאת מ"ן מס"ג בבחי' עובדא ומלולא וזהו תכלית ההשתלשלו' להתגלות אור עליון למטה ולא לעלות התחתון למעלה שזה אינו אלא לפי שעה ואף גם זאת דוקא עליות הכלים לאורות עליונים היא מעלת השבת ויוה"כ. אבל לא עליות והסתלקות האורות ח"ו כמ"ש בפע"ח ונר"ן של האדם לגבי גופו בעוה"ז חשיבי כאורות לגבי כלים וכן דו"ר שכליים לגבי מצות מעשיות דוקא ולכן התפלל משרע"ה תפלות כמנין ואתחנן על קיום מצות מעשיות דוקא וה"ה לדבור גשמי של הלכותיהן. אך להבין איך האתרוג שהוא מרפ"ח שלא נבררו עדיין וכן קלף התפילין ימשיך אור בכלים דזו"ן דאצי' שכבר נבררו ונתקנו ע"י שם מ"ה להיות בחי' אלקות. הנה המשל לזה היא הזריעה והנטיעה שהגרעין מעורר כח הצומח שבארץ שהוא דבר ה' תדשא הארץ כו' עץ פרי כו' ע"י העלאת מ"ן לשרשו ככה מעוררי' הקלף והאתרוג עד רום המעלות שהוא שם ס"ג שלפני השבירה שהוא מהות ועצמות אורות שבא"ק ולא הארה בעלמא כמו שם מ"ה שממצחו וכן בלימוד ועיון הלכותיהן מעורר בחי' חב"ד שבע"ס דכלים דזו"ן ועד רום המעלות ג"כ בחי' חב"ד שבס"ג דפנימית א"ק היוצא דרך העינים כו' וכל הנ"ל הוא במ"ע אבל לא בלימוד פרטי הלכות איסורי ל"ת לכאורה ובפרט בדלא שכיחי כלל כמו פרטי הלכות פיגול וכה"ג. אך עוד זאת השוה בכל כי כל דחילו ורחימו שכליים של המלאכים הן בחי' נבראים מאין ליש והן בחי' נפש רוח דבי"ע. אבל פרטי ההלכות הן המשכות ח"ע דהמאציל ב"ה המלובשת בגשמיות והלבשה זו אינה כהלבשת ח"ע בדו"ר שכליים דהתם הלבוש הוא מעלים ומסתיר לגמרי כהסתר והעלם הארץ החומריית לגבי ח"ע המלובשת בה כמ"ש כולם בחכמה עשית והיינו חיצוניות דחיצוניות דכלים דמל' דאצי' שבעשיה שהיא מסותרת לגמרי ברוח נפש דעשיה וכן בבריאה היא מסותרת לגמרי ברוח נפש שהם בחי' נבראים בהסתר והעלם הבורא מהנברא. משא"כ ההלכות הרי הארת החכמה מאירה בהן בגילוי ולבוש העשי' הוא דרך מעבר לבד כמו ביום טוב שחסד דאצי' המלובש לגמרי בחסד דבריאה מחיה עוה"ז הגשמי ע"י מעבר חסד דיצי' ועשי' הנק' ג"כ התלבשות שאל"כ לא הי' פועל בגשמיות עוה"ז ואף שגשמיות עוה"ז ודאי מסתיר לגמרי אפילו החסד דעשיה מ"מ ההלכה עצמה אינה גשמיות ממש שהיא בחי' רצון הנמשך מח"ע להקל או להחמיר רק שיורד ומאיר בבחי' גילוי בגשמיות כמים היורדים ממקום גבוה כו' והדבר הגשמי עצמו שבו מדברת ההלכה באמת הוא מסתיר לגמרי כמו המחליף פרה בחמור וכן בשר הפיגול או לא פיגול וכשר רק ההלכה בעצמה עם הטעם הנגלה היא מבחי' מלכות דבריאה ויצי' דבחי' נשמה שהוא אלקות המחיה ומהוה נפש רוח דבי"ע שהן דחילו ורחימו של המלאכים והנשמות וחב"ד שלהם מאין ליש ולכן היא מרוה צמאונם קודם שירדה לעוה"ז כמים היורדים כו' וגם אחר שירדה לעשי' היא למעלה מעלה מבחי' חב"ד דעשי' אפי' דבחי' נשמה שהיא אלקות והטעם משום דחב"ד דעשי' דבחי' נשמה הוא מקור החיות דחב"ד דנפש רוח ותולדותיהן והתהוותן מאין ליש עם תולדותיהן עד סוף העשיה היא הארץ וכל צבאה. אבל חב"ד דהלכות בטעמיהן שבמל' דבריאה ויצי' ענין החכמה היא בתיקון פרצופי האצי' שבהן תלוין כל טעמי המצות מ"ע בה' חסדים ומל"ת בה"ג ומשו"ה נמי כשירדו להתלבש בנבראים הן במל' דבריאה ויצי' דבחי' נשמה דוקא שהוא מכלים דאצי' ולא בבחי' נפש רוח. ואף דחב"ד דבריאה יצירה דבחי' נשמה שגבהה מאד מעלתן על בחי' מלכות דבריאה יצירה דנשמה ואעפ"כ הן מקור לחב"ד דבריאה יצירה של בחי' נפש רוח שהן המלאכים. לק"מ דבאמת המלאכים והנשמות אינן אלא מטפה הנמשכת מחב"ד דנשמה ליסוד ז"א וניתן לנוק' ומשם יצאו בבחי' לידה כי אף את"ל שנבראו מהארת הכלים דנוק' דאצי' הרי הם היורדים ונעשים נשמה. אבל עצמות חב"ד דנשמה מתפשט בו"ק דזו"ן ושם הם שיתא סדרי משנה וגמרא ומ"ש בע"ח (ושער היחודים) שע"י הכוונה נעשה לבוש נשמה וע"י התורה לבוש רוח דרוח ע"י משנה דיצי' ורוח דנשמה דבריאה ע"י הגמ' י"ל דהיינו דוקא ע"י תורת האדם בעוה"ז העולה למעלה. אבל התלמוד עצמו שניתן בסיני הוא בנשמה ולכן הוא מברר הרוח וכן במשנה דיצי' ואף את"ל שגם הניתן מסיני הוא ברוח דבריאה יצירה הרי נודע שכל מלאך שהוא שליח מלמעלה אזי נק' בשם ה' ממש השוכן בקרבו משא"כ כשאינו שליח יש לו שם אחר כפי עבודתו ואזי קורא קדוש ק' ק' ה' כו' כלומר ששם ה' מובדל ממנו וכן הוא ממש בבחי' התלבשות התלמוד בבחי' רוח דבריאה והמשנה ברוח דיצי' הם שלוחי ה' דהיינו כלים דנוק' דאצי' החיצונים בתלמוד והאמצעי' במשנה אשר המשנה והתלמוד שבהם נמשכים מיסוד אבא המקבל מח"ס דא"א שבו מלובש אור א"ס ב"ה ונמצא שאור א"ס הוא שם ה' שוכן ברוח דבי"ע במקרא ומשנה ותלמוד וכשהאדם לומד ממשיך אור א"ס ב"ה בעוה"ז להיות נכלל ובטל באורו ית' כי זה כל האדם וזאת היתה עבודת רשב"י וכל התנאים ואמוראים בנגלה להמשיך אורו ית' ולברר בירורי נוגה כל משך זמן הגלות דשלטא אילנא דטו"ר כמ"ש עת אשר שלט האדם באדם כו' כי זהו תכלית ההשתלשלות שירד העליון למטה ויהיה לו דירה בתחתונים כדי להעלותן למהוי אחד באחד. משא"כ עבודת המלאכים דו"ר שכליים אינה בבחי' המשכה כלל וכלל רק הסתלקות כו'. ובזה יובן מה שנבראים מלאכים מאין ליש ע"י עסק התורה אפי' שלא בכוונה שהוא בחי' רוח בלבד שאינה אלקות כלל אלא לפי שאעפ"כ שם ה' שוכן וכו' וד"ל: