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Yitro and Rahav ~ Connections
Age before Beauty: Yitro
(טו) וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַהֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּבְרַ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִדְיָ֖ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב עַֽל־הַבְּאֵֽר׃ (טז) וּלְכֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַתָּבֹ֣אנָה וַתִּדְלֶ֗נָה וַתְּמַלֶּ֙אנָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣רְהָטִ֔ים לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת צֹ֥אן אֲבִיהֶֽן׃ (יז) וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָרֹעִ֖ים וַיְגָרְשׁ֑וּם וַיָּ֤קָם מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיּ֣וֹשִׁעָ֔ן וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־צֹאנָֽם׃ (יח) וַתָּבֹ֕אנָה אֶל־רְעוּאֵ֖ל אֲבִיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַיּֽוֹם׃ (יט) וַתֹּאמַ֕רְןָ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖נוּ מִיַּ֣ד הָרֹעִ֑ים וְגַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔נוּ וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַצֹּֽאן׃ (כ) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֹתָ֖יו וְאַיּ֑וֹ לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָאִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ וְיֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃ (כא) וַיּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָשֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָאִ֑ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֛ן אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֥ה בִתּ֖וֹ לְמֹשֶֽׁה׃

(15) When Pharaoh learned of the matter, he sought to kill Moses; but Moses fled from Pharaoh. He arrived in the land of Midian, and sat down beside a well. (16) Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came to draw water, and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock; (17) but shepherds came and drove them off. Moses rose to their defense, and he watered their flock. (18) When they returned to their father Reu'el, he said, “How is it that you have come back so soon today?” (19) They answered, “An Egyptian rescued us from the shepherds; he even drew water for us and watered the flock.” (20) He said to his daughters, “Where is he then? Why did you leave the man? Ask him in to break bread.” (21) Moses consented to stay with the man, and he gave Moses his daughter Tzipporah as wife.

(א) וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹקִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוֹצִ֧יא ה' אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (ב) וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת מֹשֶׁ֑ה אַחַ֖ר שִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ׃ (ג) וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ (ד) וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר כִּֽי־אֱלֹקֵ֤י אָבִי֙ בְּעֶזְרִ֔י וַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִי מֵחֶ֥רֶב פַּרְעֹֽה׃ (ה) וַיָּבֹ֞א יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה וּבָנָ֥יו וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר אֲשֶׁר־ה֛וּא חֹנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹקִֽים׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲנִ֛י חֹתֶנְךָ֥ יִתְר֖וֹ בָּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יךָ וְאִ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶ֖יהָ עִמָּֽהּ׃ (ז) וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־ל֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃ (ח) וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה ה' לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם ה'׃ (ט) וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה ה' לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִצִּיל֖וֹ מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (י) וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ ה' אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרַ֖יִם וּמִיַּ֣ד פַּרְעֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִצִּיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (יא) עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל ה' מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹקִ֑ים כִּ֣י בַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ (יב) וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹקִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹקִֽים׃

(1) Yitro priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people, how the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt. (2) So Yitro, Moses’ father-in-law, took Tzipporah, Moses’ wife, after she had been sent home, (3) and her two sons... (5) Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, brought Moses’ sons and wife to him in the wilderness, where he was encamped at the mountain of God. (6) He sent word to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you, with your wife and her two sons.” (7) Moses went out to meet his father-in-law; he bowed low and kissed him; each asked after the other’s welfare, and they went into the tent. (8) Moses then recounted to his father-in-law everything that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardships that had befallen them on the way, and how the LORD had delivered them. (9) And Jethro rejoiced over all the kindness that the LORD had shown Israel when He delivered them from the Egyptians. (10) “Blessed be the LORD,” Jethro said, “who delivered you from the Egyptians and from Pharaoh, and who delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. (11) Now I know that the LORD is greater than all gods, yes, by the result of their very schemes against [the people].” (12) And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to partake of the meal before God with Moses’ father-in-law.

(יח) וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיָּ֣שָׁב ׀ אֶל־יֶ֣תֶר חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ אֵ֣לְכָה נָּ֗א וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אַחַ֣י אֲשֶׁר־בְּמִצְרַ֔יִם וְאֶרְאֶ֖ה הַעוֹדָ֣ם חַיִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יִתְר֛וֹ לְמֹשֶׁ֖ה לֵ֥ךְ לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
(18) Moses went back to his father-in-law Jether and said to him, “Let me go back to my kinsmen in Egypt and see how they are faring.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.”
(כט) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה לְ֠חֹבָב בֶּן־רְעוּאֵ֣ל הַמִּדְיָנִי֮ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁה֒ נֹסְעִ֣ים ׀ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֣ר ה' אֹת֖וֹ אֶתֵּ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם לְכָ֤ה אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ וְהֵטַ֣בְנוּ לָ֔ךְ כִּֽי־ה' דִּבֶּר־ט֖וֹב עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (ל) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו לֹ֣א אֵלֵ֑ךְ כִּ֧י אִם־אֶל־אַרְצִ֛י וְאֶל־מוֹלַדְתִּ֖י אֵלֵֽךְ׃
(29) Moses said to Hobab son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD has said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us and we will be generous with you; for the LORD has promised to be generous to Israel.” (30) “I will not go,” he replied to him, “but will return to my native land.”
(טז) וּבְנֵ֣י קֵינִי֩ חֹתֵ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה עָל֨וּ מֵעִ֤יר הַתְּמָרִים֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִדְבַּ֣ר יְהוּדָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּנֶ֣גֶב עֲרָ֑ד וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

(16) The descendants of the Kenite, the father-in-law of Moses, went up with the Judites from the City of Palms to the wilderness of Judah; and they went and settled among the people in the Negeb of Arad.

(יא) וְחֶ֤בֶר הַקֵּינִי֙ נִפְרָ֣ד מִקַּ֔יִן מִבְּנֵ֥י חֹבָ֖ב חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֵּ֣ט אָהֳל֔וֹ עַד־אֵל֥וֹן בצענים [בְּצַעֲנַנִּ֖ים] אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶת־קֶֽדֶשׁ׃

(11) Now Hever the Kenite had separated from the other Kenites, descendants of Hobab, father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent at Elon-bezaanannim, which is near Kedesh.

יתרו. שֶׁבַע שֵׁמוֹת נִקְרְאוּ לוֹ: רְעוּאֵל, יֶתֶר, יִתְרוֹ, חוֹבָב, חֶבֶר, קֵינִי, פּוּטִיאֵל; יֶתֶר, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁיִּתֵּר פָּרָשָׁה אַחַת בַּתּוֹרָה "וְאַתָּה תֶחֱזֶה"; יִתְרוֹ, לִכְשֶׁנִּתְגַּיֵּר וְקִיֵּם הַמִּצְווֹת, הוֹסִיפוֹ לוֹ אוֹת אֶחָד עַל שְׁמוֹ; חוֹבָב, שֶׁחִבֵּב אֶת הַתּוֹרָה; חוֹבָב הוּא יִתְרוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִבְּנֵי חוֹבָב חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה" (שופטים ד'), וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים רְעוּאֵל אָבִיו שֶׁל יִתְרוֹ, וּמַהוּ אוֹמֵר "וַתָּבֹאנָה אֶל רְעוּאֵל אֲבִיהֶן"? שֶׁהַתִּינוֹקוֹת קוֹרִין לַאֲבִי אֲבִיהֶן אַבָּא. בְּסִפְרֵי:
יתרו JETHRO — He was called by seven names: Reuel, Jether, Jethro, Hobab, Heber, Keni and Putiel. He was called Jether (from יִתֵּר “to add”) because he added (it was through him that there was added) a section to the Torah; viz., that beginning at (21 ff.) “Moreover thou shalt provide”. Jethro — so was he called because when he became a proselyte and fulfilled the divine precepts one more letter was added to his name (יתר). Hobab — because he loved (חִבֵּב) the Torah (cf. Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 18:1:2). — Hobab is certainly identical with Jethro, as it is said, (Judges 4:11) “of the sons of Hobab, the father-in-law of Moses” and therefore it is correct to say that Hobab is one of his names. But as to Reuel there are some who say that he is not identical with Jethro, but that he was Hobab’s (Jethro’s) father, as may be seen from Numbers 10:29. Then what, according to this view, would be the meaning of (Exodus 2:18) “And they came to Reuel, their father” (from which it would appear that Reuel and Jethro are the same)? It means their grandfather, for children call their grandfather: father. This is to be found in Sifrei Bamidbar 79 (on Numbers 10:29).
(ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֣וּל אֶֽל־הַקֵּינִ֡י לְכוּ֩ סֻּ֨רוּ רְד֜וּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עֲמָלֵקִ֗י פֶּן־אֹֽסִפְךָ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֞ה עָשִׂ֤יתָה חֶ֙סֶד֙ עִם־כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּעֲלוֹתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֥סַר קֵינִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ עֲמָלֵֽק׃

(6) Saul said to the Kenites, “Come, withdraw at once from among the Amalekites, that I may not destroy you along with them; for you showed kindness to all the Israelites when they left Egypt.” So the Kenites withdrew from among the Amalekites.

התחילו שבטים מבזין אותו ראיתם בן פוטי זה שפיטם אבי אמו עגלים לעבודת כוכבים והרג נשיא שבט מישראל בא הכתוב ויחסו פנחס בן אלעזר בן אהרן הכהן
The tribes began to demean Pinehas: Did you see this son of Puti, so-called because his mother was one of the daughters of Putiel (see Exodus 6:25), and they interpreted homiletically: As Yitro, the father of his mother, according to one rabbinic tradition, fattened [shepittem] calves for idol worship, and he impudently killed the prince of a tribe of Israel without a trial. In response, the verse comes and provides his lineage as “Pinehas, son of Elazar, son of Aaron the priest” (Numbers 25:11). It is due to that lineage that he zealously executed Zimri.
The character of Yitro
וּלְכֹהֵן מִדְיָן וְגוֹ'. כָּל שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ צַדִּיק לִהְיוֹת הוֹלֵךְ לוֹ אֵצֶל עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְקַנֵּה לְעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְהֵיאַךְ הוֹלִיךְ לְמֹשֶׁה לִמְקוֹם עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה? אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּתְרוֹ רוֹאֶה חַרְטֻמִּין שֶׁלָּהּ וּבוֹסֵר עֲלֵיהֶן, וְהִרְהֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּשׁוּבָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹא מֹשֶׁה. וְקָרָא לְכָל בְּנֵי עִירוֹ וְאָמַר לָהֶן: עַד עַכְשָׁו הָיִיתִי מְשַׁמֵּשׁ אֶתְכֶם. עַכְשָׁו אֲנִי זָקֵן, בַּחֲרוּ לָכֶם כֹּמֶר אַחֵר. עָמַד וְהוֹצִיא כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישֵׁי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְנָתַן לָהֶם. וְעָמְדוּ הֵם וְנִדּוּהוּ, שֶׁלֹּא יִזְדַּקֵּק לוֹ אָדָם וְלֹא יַעֲשׂוּ לוֹ מְלָאכָה, שֶׁלֹּא יִרְעוּ אֶת צֹאנוֹ. וּבִקֵּשׁ מִן הָרוֹעִים לִרְעוֹת לוֹ אֶת צֹאנוֹ וְלֹא קִבְּלוּ. וּלְפִיכָךְ הָיוּ יוֹצְאוֹת בְּנוֹתָיו לִרְעוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּלְכֹהֵן מִדְיָן וְגוֹ'.
Now the Priest of Midian had seven daughters (Exod. 2:16). Was it proper for this righteous man to go to the home of an idolater? After all, since the Holy one, blessed be He, detests idolatry, why did he permit Moses to go to a place where idols were worshipped? That fact is that though Jethro had been the priest of idolaters, he always held idols in contempt. Jethro was convinced of their falseness and despised them. In fact he had decided to repent even prior to the arrival of Moses. He had summoned his townsmen and told them: “I have served you until now, but now I am old; select another priest.” Because he had returned the paraphernalia used in idolatrous worship, they were angry with him, and turned against him so violently that no one would speak to him, or work for him, or tend his flocks. He pleaded with the shepherds to care for his flocks, but they refused. Hence his daughters were compelled to take them out to pasture, as it is said: Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters (Exod. 2:16).
שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם קִבְּלוּ שְׁנֵי צַדִּיקִים וְנִתְבָּרְכוּ בִּשְׁבִילָן, וְלֹא הָיָה לָהֶם בָּנִים מִתְּחִלָּה, וּמִשֶּׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם נָתַן לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בָּנִים, לָבָן וְיִתְרוֹ. לָבָן, אֶפְשָׁר הָיָה לוֹ בֵּן וְהָיְתָה בִּתּוֹ רוֹעָה אֶת צֹאנוֹ? אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ בָּנִים. וּמִשֶּׁנִּכְנַס יַעֲקֹב לְבֵיתוֹ, נִתְבָּרֵךְ בִּנְכָסִים וּבְבָנִים, דִּכְתִיב: נִחַשְׁתִּי וַיְבָרְכֵנִי ה' בִּגְלָלֶךָ (בראשית ל, כז). וּכְתִיב: וַיִּשְׁמַע אֶת דִּבְרֵי בְנֵי לָבָן. יִתְרוֹ, דִּכְתִיב: וּלְכֹהֵן מִדְיָן שֶׁבַע בָּנוֹת. אֶפְשָׁר הָיוּ לוֹ בָּנִים, וּבְנוֹתָיו רוֹעוֹת? אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ, וּמִשֶּׁנִּכְנַס מֹשֶׁה לְבֵיתוֹ, נִתְבָּרֵךְ וְהָיוּ לוֹ בָּנִים, דִּכְתִיב: וּבְנֵי קֵינִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה (שופטים א, טז).
Two men welcomed two righteous men and were blessed because of them. At first they had no sons, but after these righteous men entered their homes and then departed, the Holy One, blessed be He, gave them sons. These two were Laban and Jethro. If Laban had any sons of his own, would his daughters have been forced to shepherd his flock? The fact is that he had no sons, but after Jacob’s arrival, he was blessed with property and sons, as it is written: And the Lord hath blessed me for thy sake (Gen. 30:27), and furthermore, it is written: And he heard the words of Laban’s sons (ibid. 31:1). In this instance, it is written: Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters (Exod. 2:16). Is it likely that if he had sons his daughters would have been shepherdesses? No. Obviously, he had no sons. After Moses entered his house, however, he was blessed with sons, as it is written: And the sons of the Kenite, Moses’s father-in law (Judg. 14:17).
(במדבר כד, כא) וירא את הקיני וישא משלו אמר לו בלעם ליתרו קיני לא היית עמנו באותה עצה מי הושיבך אצל איתני עולם והיינו דא"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר סימאי שלשה היו באותה עצה אלו הן בלעם איוב ויתרו בלעם שיעץ נהרג איוב ששתק נידון ביסורין ויתרו שברח זכו בני בניו לישב בלשכת הגזית שנאמר (דברי הימים א ב, נה) ומשפחות סופרים יושבי יעבץ תרעתים שמעתים סוכתים המה הקינים הבאים מחמת אבי בית רכב וכתיב (שופטים א, טז) ובני קיני חותן משה עלו מעיר התמרים

§ It is stated with regard to Balaam: “And he looked at the Kenite and he took up his parable and said: Though firm is your dwelling place, and though your nest be set in rock” (Numbers 24:21). Balaam said to Yitro: Kenite, were you not in Egypt with us in that counsel to drown the newborn males of Israel? Who placed you alongside the mighty of the world? The Gemara comments: And that is what Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba says that Rabbi Simai says: Three were associates in that counsel, and they are: Balaam, Job, and Yitro. Balaam, who advised to drown the newborn males, was killed. Job, who was silent and was reluctant to express his opinion, was sentenced to suffer afflictions. And Yitro, who fled after he disagreed with that counsel and Pharaoh sought to kill him, his descendants were privileged to sit as scribes in session with the Sanhedrin in the Chamber of Hewn Stone, as it is stated: “And the families of the scribes who dwelt in Jabez; the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, the Sucathites. These were the Kenites who came of Hammath the father of the house of Rekhab” (I Chronicles 2:55). And it is written there with regard to the identity of the Kenites: “And the children of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up from the city of the palm trees” (Judges 1:16).

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב (משלי ג, לה): כָּבוֹד חֲכָמִים יִנְחָלוּ, זֶה יִתְרוֹ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּא אֵצֶל משֶׁה מַה כָּבוֹד נָחַל (שמות יח, ו): וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל משֶׁה אֲנִי חֹתֶנְךָ יִתְרוֹ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר שָׁלַח לוֹ בְּיַד שָׁלִיחַ, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר שָׁלַח לוֹ אִגֶּרֶת וְאָמַר עֲשֵׂה בְּגִינִי, וְאִם אֵין אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה בְּגִינִי עֲשֵׂה בְּגִין אִשְׁתְּךָ, וְאִם אֵין אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה בְּגִינָהּ עֲשֵׂה בְּגִין בָּנֶיךָ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לוֹ צֵא, וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל משֶׁה, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים נ, א): אֵל אֱלקִים ה' דִּבֶּר וַיִּקְרָא אָרֶץ, אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁאֲנִי מְקָרֵב אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁאֲנִי מְרַחֵק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה כג, כג): הַאֱלֹקֵי מִקָּרוֹב אָנִי נְאֻם ה', אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁקֵּרַבְתִּי לְיִתְרוֹ וְלֹא רִחַקְתִּיו, אָדָם זֶה שֶׁבָּא אֶצְלִי לֹא בָּא אֶלָּא לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, וְלֹא בָּא אֶלָּא לְהִתְגַּיֵּר, אַף אַתָּה קָרְבֵהוּ אַל תַּרְחִיקֵהוּ, מִיָּד (שמות יח, ז): וַיֵּצֵא משֶׁה לִקְרַאת חֹתְנוֹ. אָמְרוּ, יָצָא משֶׁה יָצָא אַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא, וְשִׁבְעִים מִזִּקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים, אַף אָרוֹן יָצָא עִמָּהֶם, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: כָּבוֹד חֲכָמִים יִנְחָלוּ.

Another interpretation: And Yitro heard - a verse that is written [about this]: "The wise shall obtain honor [but dullards get disgrace as their portion]" (Proverbs 3:35) this is Yitro. At the moment when he came to Moshe, what honor did he obtain? "He said to Moshe: I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you" (Exodus 18:6). Rabbi Yehoshua says: he sent it through a messenger. Rabbi Eliezer says: he sent him a letter and said - do this for my sake, and if not for my sake, for the sake of your wife, and if not for the sake of your wife, for the sake of your sons. Rabbi Eliezer says: the Holy One of Blessing said to him [Moshe] go! And the Holy One of Blessing said to Moshe: "I am the One who spoke and the world came into being, as it is said: "E-l, E-lohim, Ad-nai spoke and called the earth into existence"(Psalms 50:1), I am the One who brings close and the One who sends away, as it is said: "Am I only a God near, says Ad-nai" (Jeremiah 23:23) I am the One who brought Yitro close, and did not send him away, this man that came to Me only came because of the sake of Heaven, and he only came to convert, so you too bring him close and do not send away!" Immediately "and Moshe went out to meet his father-in-law" (Exodus 18:7). They said: Moshe went out, and Aharon, Nadav and Avihu, and 70 of the elders of Israel. And there are those who say that even the Holy Ark went out with them, as it is said "The wise shall obtain honor."

דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ, רְאֵה כַּמָּה טוֹבוֹת וּבְרָכוֹת בָּאוּ לְיִתְרוֹ מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּתְחַתֵּן עִם משֶׁה, מַה כְּתִיב (שמות יח, יב): וַיָּבֹא אַהֲרֹן וְכֹל זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּא בִּלְעָם לְקַלֵּל אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֹא דַיָּן שֶׁלֹא קִלְלָן אֶלָא בֵּרְכָן, וְלֹא עוֹד, אֶלָּא כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה עֲמָלֵק הִתְחִיל לְקַלְּלוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כד, כ): רֵאשִׁית גּוֹיִם עֲמָלֵק וְאַחֲרִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד, אֲבָל לְיִתְרוֹ מַהוּ אוֹמֵר (במדבר כד, כא): אֵיתָן מוֹשָׁבֶךָ וְשִׂים בַּסֶּלַע קִנֶּךָ, אָמַר לוֹ קֵינִי עִמָּנוּ הָיִיתָ בָּעֵצָה, מִי הוֹשִׁיבְךָ אֵצֶל אֵיתָנֵי עוֹלָם, מָשָׁל לְצִפּוֹר שֶׁבָּרַח מִן הַצַּיָּד וְנָפְלָה לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל אַנְדְּרוּאַנְטִיָא, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתוֹ הַצַּיָּד הִתְחִיל מְקַלְּסָהּ וְאָמַר לָהּ כַּמָּה נָאָה בְּרִיחָה שֶׁבָּרַחְתָּ, כָּךְ הָיָה בִּלְעָם מְשַׁבֵּחַ אֶת יִתְרוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ: אֵיתָן מוֹשָׁבֶךָ.

Another interpretation of "And Yitro heard". Look how many goodness and blessings came to Yitro from the moment that he became family with Moshe. What is it written? "And Aharon and all the elders of Israel" (Exodus 18:12), and so too you find in the moment that Bilam came to curse Israel, it was not possible for him to curse, only bless, and not only that when he saw Amalek he began cursing that people, as it is written "a leading nation is Amalek; but its fate is to perish forever" (Numbers 24:20), but regarding Yitro what he says? "your abode is secure, and set your nest among cliffs" (Numbers 24:21) [meaning] that he [Bilam] said: you, Kenite, were with us in our counsel, how did you make your abode secure? A parable: a bird escaped from a trap and fell in the hand of a statue, when the statue saw the trap, it began to praise the bird and said: "what a beautiful escape you did!" - so too Bilam was praising Yitro, and said: your abode is secure.

וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ. יֵשׁ שָׁמַע וְהִפְסִיד. וְיֵשׁ שָׁמַע וְנִשְׂכַּר. יוֹאָשׁ שָׁמַע וְהִפְסִיד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אָז שָׁמַע הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲלֵיהֶם (דה״‎ב כד, יז). לְפִיכָךְ, וְאֶת יוֹאָשׁ עָשׂוּ שְׁפָטִים (דה״‎ב כד, כד). וְכֵן שָׁמְעוּ עַמִּים יִרְגָּזוּן (שמות טו, יד). אֲבָל יִתְרוֹ שָׁמַע וְנִשְׂכַּר, שֶׁהָיָה כֹּמֶר לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּבָא וְנִדְבַּק לְמֹשֶׁה וְנִכְנַס תַּחַת כַּנְפֵי הַשְּׁכִינָה וְזָכָה לְיַתֵּר פָּרָשַׁת הַדַּיָּנִין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאָמַר לְמֹשֶׁה, לֹא טוֹב הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה.
Now Jethro heard (Exod. 18:1). Some hear and lose (their reward), while others hear and are rewarded. Joash heard and lost (his reward), just as it is said: Then the king hearkened unto him (II Chron. 24:17), but after that is written: So they executed judgment upon Joash (ibid., v. 24). Similarly, the peoples have heard and they tremble (Exod. 15:14). However, Jethro heard and was rewarded. Though he had been an idolatrous priest, he joined Moses, and entered under the wings of the Shekhinah. For that he became worthy of adding the portion dealing with judges to the Torah of Israel, when he told Moses: The thing that thou doest is not good (ibid. 18:18).
וּמִי הֵם הַקֵּינִים? הַבָּאִים מִבְּנֵי בָּנָיו שֶׁל יִתְרוֹ, וּבְנֵי קֵינִי חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה. עֲלֵיהֶם נֶאֱמַר: שַׁלַּח לַחְמְךָ עַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם כִּי בְרֹב הַיָּמִים תִּמְצָאֶנּוּ (קהלת יא, א). בִּשְׂכַר קִרְאֶן לוֹ וְיֹאכַל לָחֶם וְנֶאֱמַר בְּמֹשֶׁה כִּי מִן הַמַּיִם מְשִׁיתִיהוּ, זָכוּ בְּנֵי בָּנָיו שֶׁל יִתְרוֹ לֵישֵׁב בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַגָּזִית.
Who were the Kenites? They were the descendants of Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. It is said concerning them: Cast thy bread upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after many days (Eccles. 11:1). In reward for (his invitation to Moses): Call him that he may eat bread (Exod. 2:20). (This alludes to the bread. Regarding water) it is said concerning Moses (mosheh): Because I drew (meshah) him (out of the water (ibid., v. 10). Therefore the descendants of Jethro merited sitting in the chamber of hewn stone.8Thus Jethro cast his bread upon the waters of Moses’ Torah, and his descendants were suitably rewarded.
וַיִּחַדְּ יִתְרוֹ. אַל תִּקְרֵי וַיִּחַדְּ אֶלָּא וַיִּהַד, שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה יְהוּדִי. וַיֹּאמֶר יִתְרוֹ בָּרוּךְ ה'. לָמָּה אָמַר יִתְרוֹ בָּרוּךְ ה'? אָמַר יִתְרוֹ: לֹא הִנַּחְתִּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בָּעוֹלָם שֶׁלֹּא עֲבַדְתִּיהָ, וְלֹא מָצָאתִי אֱלוֹקַּ כֵּאלֹקֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי גָדוֹל ה' מִכָּל הָאֱלֹקִים.
And Jethro rejoiced (Exod. 18:9). Do not read this word as vayihad (“and he rejoiced”) but rather vayihed (“and he became a yehudi [a Jew]”). Why did Jethro say: Blessed be the Lord (Exod. 18:10)? Jethro said: I have not neglected to worship any idol in this world, but I have found no god like the God of Israel. Now I know that the Lord is greater than all the gods (ibid. 11).
תנא משום רבי פפייס גנאי הוא לחזקיה וסייעתו שלא אמרו שירה עד שפתחה הארץ ואמרה שירה שנא' מכנף הארץ זמירות שמענו צבי לצדיק וגו' כיוצא בדבר אתה אומר (שמות יח, י) ויאמר יתרו ברוך ה' אשר הציל אתכם תנא משום רבי פפייס גנאי הוא למשה וששים ריבוא שלא אמרו ברוך עד שבא יתרו ואמר ברוך ה'
It was taught in the name of Rabbi Pappeyas: It is a disgrace for Hezekiah and his associates that they did not recite a song themselves and that a song was not recited until the earth began and recited a song, as it is stated: “From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs: Glory to the righteous” (Isaiah 24:16). On a similar note, you say: “And Jethro said: Blessed be the Lord, Who has delivered you out of the hand of Egypt and out of the hand of Pharaoh” (Exodus 18:10). It was taught in the name of Rabbi Pappeyas: It is a disgrace for Moses and the six hundred thousand adult men of the children of Israel whom he led out of Egypt that they did not say: Blessed, until Yitro came and said: “Blessed be the Lord.”
ויחד יתרו רב ושמואל רב אמר שהעביר חרב חדה על בשרו ושמואל אמר שנעשה חדודים חדודים כל בשרו אמר רב היינו דאמרי אינשי גיורא עד עשרה דרי לא תבזה ארמאי קמיה
It is written in the previous verse: Vayyiḥad Yitro for all the goodness that the Lord had done to Israel, whom He had delivered out of the hand of Egypt” (Exodus 18:9). Rav and Shmuel disagreed with regard to the meaning of vayyiḥad. Rav says: He passed a sharp [ḥad] sword over his flesh, i.e., he circumcised himself and converted. And Shmuel says: He felt as though cuts [ḥiddudim] were made over his flesh, i.e., he had an unpleasant feeling due to the downfall of Egypt. Rav says with regard to this statement of Shmuel that this is in accordance with the adage that people say: With regard to a convert, for ten generations after his conversion one should not disparage a gentile before him and his descendants, as they continue to identify somewhat with gentiles and remain sensitive to their pain.
וישתחו וישק לו. איני יודע, מי השתחוה למי, או מי נשק למי, כשהוא אומר: וישאלו איש לרעהו לשלום, מי קרוי איש, הלא משה, שנא' (במדבר יב) והאיש משה עניו מאד, הוי אומר, לא השתחוה ולא נשק אלא משה לחמיו, מכאן אמרו שיהא האדם מוכן לכבוד חמיו. – ויבאו האהלה, זה בית המדרש.
"and he bowed down to him and he kissed him": I would not know who bowed down to whom or who kissed whom, were it not written (Ibid.) "And they greeted, a man, his neighbor, in peace." Who is called "a man"? Moses, as it is written (Numbers 12:3) "And the man, Moses, was exceedingly humble." It was Moses, then, who bowed down to his father-in-law and kissed him. From here they ruled that a man should be solicitous of the honor his father-in-law. "and they came into the tent": the house of study.
אל המדבר. אַף אָנוּ יוֹדְעִים שֶׁבַּמִּדְבָּר הָיוּ אֶלָּא בְּשִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל יִתְרוֹ דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב, שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב בִּכְבוֹדוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם וּנְדָבוֹ לִבּוֹ לָצֵאת אֶל הַמִּדְבָּר, מְקוֹם תֹּהוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה (שם):
אל המדבר INTO THE DESERT — Indeed we know that they were in the wilderness, and it appears unnecessary to state that Jethro came to Moses there. But by stressing this Scripture is speaking in praise of Jethro: that he was living amidst all the splendour that the world could provide, and nevertheless his heart prompted him to go forth into the desert, a waste place (Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 18:5:2), to hearken to the words of the Torah.
ויספר משה לחותנו, למושכו לקרבו לתורה. – את כל אשר עשה ה', שנתן תורה לעמו ישראל. – את כל התלאה, במצרים. – אשר מצאתם, על הים. – בדרך, זו מלחמת עמלק. – ויצילם ה', הצילם המקום מן הכל.
(Ibid. 8) "And Moses related to his father-in-law: to appeal to his feelings, to draw him near to Torah. "all that the L rd did": in the exodus from Egypt. "all the ordeals that they had undergone": at the Red Sea. "on the way": the war with Amalek. "and the L rd had rescued them": from everything.
ויאמר יתרו ברוך ה' וגו'. אמר ר' פפיס, בגנות ישראל הכתוב מדבר, שהרי יש שם ששים רבוא בני אדם ולא עמד אחד מהם לברך למקום, עד שבא יתרו וברך למקום, שנא' ויאמר יתרו ברוך ה'.
"And Yithro said: 'Blessed is the L rd'": R. Pappis said: Scripture speaks to the discredit of Israel, six hundred thousand men having been there and not one of them having stood up to bless the L rd until Yithro came and did so, viz. "And Yithro said: Blessed is the L rd, who rescued you, etc."
וישמע. מה שמועה שמע ובא, מלחמת עמלק שמע ובא, שהיא כתובה בצדו, דברי ר' יהושע. ר' אלעזר המודעי אומר, מתן תורה שמע ובא, שבשעה שנתנה תורה לישראל זעו כל מלכי האדמה בהיכליהם, שנאמר (תהלים כט) ובהיכלו כלו אומר כבוד. באותה שעה נתקבצו כל מלכי אומות העולם אצל בלעם הרשע. אמרו לו, בלעם שמא המקום עושה לנו כמו שעשה לדור המבול, שנא' (תהלים י) למבול ישב וישב ה' מלך לעולם. אמר להם, שוטים שבעולם, כבר נשבע הקב"ה לנח שאינו מביא מבול לעולם, שנא' (ישעיה נד) כי מי נח זאת לי אשר נשבעתי מעבור מי נח עוד על הארץ. אמרו לו, שמא מבול של מים אינו מביא, מבול של אש מביא. אמר להם, אינו מביא לא מבול של אש ולא מבול של מים, אלא תורה נותן הקב"ה לעמו ולידידיו, שנא' (תהלים כט) ה' עוז לעמו יתן. כיון ששמעו כולם מפיו הדבר הזה, ענו כולם ואמרו אחר כך, /תהלים כט יא/ ה' יברך את עמו בשלום, ופנו והלכו איש למקומו. רבי אליעזר אומר, קריעת ים סוף שמע ובא, שבשעה שנקרע ים סוף נשמע מסוף העולם ועד סופו, שנא' (יהושע ה א) ויהי כשמוע כל מלכי האמורי. וכן אמרה רחב הזונה לשלוחי יהושע, (יהושע ב׳:י׳) כי שמענו את אשר הוביש ה' את מי ים סוף מפניכם בצאתכם ממצרים וגו' ונשמע וימס לבבנו ולא קמה עוד רוח באיש מפניכם. אמרו, רחב הזונה בת עשר שנים היתה כשיצאו ישראל ממצרים, וכל מ' שנה שהיו ישראל במדבר זנתה, לסוף נ' שנה נתגיירה, והיא אומרת: רבש"ע, בשלשה דברים חטאתי, בשלשה דברים מחול לי, בחבל בחלון בחומה, שנ' (שם) ותורידם בחבל בעד החלון כי ביתה בקיר החומה ובחומה היא יושבת.
(Exodus 18:1) "And Yithro heard": What did he hear that caused him to come (and join Israel)? The war with Amalek, which is juxtaposed with this section. These are the words of R. Yehoshua. He heard of the (prospective) giving of the Torah and he came. For when the Torah was to be given to Israel, all the kings of the earth shook in their palaces, viz. (Psalms 29:9) "and (each king) in his palace accorded glory" (to the L rd). At that time, all the kings of the nations convened with the wicked Bilam and said to him: Is it possible that He is going to do to us as He did to the generation of the flood? He replied: Fools that you are! The Holy One Blessed be He already swore to Noach that he would not bring (another) flood to the world, viz. (Isaiah 54:9) "For this to Me is like the waters of Noach, of which I swore that the waters of Noach would no more pass over the earth." They: Perhaps he will not bring a flood of water, but He will bring a flood of fire? Bilam: He will bring neither a flood of fire nor a flood of water, but the Holy One Blessed be He is giving Torah to His people and to His loved ones, viz. (Psalms, Ibid. 10) "the L rd will give strength ("oz" = Torah) to His people." When all of them heard this from his mouth, they all responded (Ibid.) "May the L rd bless His people with peace," and they turned and went, each to his place. R. Eliezer says: Yithro heard the splitting of the sea and came (to join Israel). For the splitting of the sea was heard from one end of the world to the other, viz. (Joshua 5:1) "And it was, when all the kings of the Emori heard, etc." And thus did Rachav the harlot say to the messengers of Joshua (Ibid. 2:10-11) "For we heard how the L rd dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you went out of Egypt … and when we heard, our hearts melted, and no spirit was left in a man before you." They said: Rachav the harlot was ten years old when Israel left Egypt, and all forty years that Israel was in the desert, she plied her trade. At the end of fifty years, she converted, saying: L rd of the universe, I have sinned in three areas: niddah, challah, and candle lighting. Forgive me by virtue of three things: the rope, the window, and the wall, viz. (Ibid. 15) "And she let them down by a rope through the window, for her house was on the side of the wall, and she lived within the wall."...
Enter Rachav
(א) וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ־בִּן־נ֠וּן מִֽן־הַשִּׁטִּ֞ים שְׁנַֽיִם־אֲנָשִׁ֤ים מְרַגְּלִים֙ חֶ֣רֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְכ֛וּ רְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֶת־יְרִיח֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ בֵּית־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֛ה וּשְׁמָ֥הּ רָחָ֖ב וַיִּשְׁכְּבוּ־שָֽׁמָּה׃ (ב) וַיֵּ֣אָמַ֔ר לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיח֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה אֲ֠נָשִׁים בָּ֣אוּ הֵ֧נָּה הַלַּ֛יְלָה מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ג) וַיִּשְׁלַח֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרִיח֔וֹ אֶל־רָחָ֖ב לֵאמֹ֑ר ה֠וֹצִיאִי הָאֲנָשִׁ֨ים הַבָּאִ֤ים אֵלַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ כִּ֛י לַחְפֹּ֥ר אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּֽאוּ׃ (ד) וַתִּקַּ֧ח הָֽאִשָּׁ֛ה אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַֽתִּצְפְּנ֑וֹ וַתֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ כֵּ֗ן בָּ֤אוּ אֵלַי֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מֵאַ֥יִן הֵֽמָּה׃ (ה) וַיְהִ֨י הַשַּׁ֜עַר לִסְגּ֗וֹר בַּחֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֣ים יָצָ֔אוּ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אָ֥נָה הָלְכ֖וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים רִדְפ֥וּ מַהֵ֛ר אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם כִּ֥י תַשִּׂיגֽוּם׃ (ו) וְהִ֖יא הֶעֱלָ֣תַם הַגָּ֑גָה וַֽתִּטְמְנֵם֙ בְּפִשְׁתֵּ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ הָעֲרֻכ֥וֹת לָ֖הּ עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ (ז) וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים רָדְפ֤וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן עַ֖ל הַֽמַּעְבְּר֑וֹת וְהַשַּׁ֣עַר סָגָ֔רוּ אַחֲרֵ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר יָצְא֥וּ הָרֹדְפִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ (ח) וְהֵ֖מָּה טֶ֣רֶם יִשְׁכָּב֑וּן וְהִ֛יא עָלְתָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־הַגָּֽג׃ (ט) וַתֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּֽי־נָתַ֧ן ה' לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְכִֽי־נָפְלָ֤ה אֵֽימַתְכֶם֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְכִ֥י נָמֹ֛גוּ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ (י) כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְנוּ אֵ֠ת אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֨ישׁ ה' אֶת־מֵ֤י יַם־סוּף֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם בְּצֵאתְכֶ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֡ם לִשְׁנֵי֩ מַלְכֵ֨י הָאֱמֹרִ֜י אֲשֶׁ֨ר בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ לְסִיחֹ֣ן וּלְע֔וֹג אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶחֱרַמְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃ (יא) וַנִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּמַּ֣ס לְבָבֵ֔נוּ וְלֹא־קָ֨מָה ע֥וֹד ר֛וּחַ בְּאִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י ה' אֱלֹֽקֵיכֶ֔ם ה֤וּא אֱלֹקִים֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּֽחַת׃ (יב) וְעַתָּ֗ה הִשָּֽׁבְעוּ־נָ֥א לִי֙ בַּֽה' כִּי־עָשִׂ֥יתִי עִמָּכֶ֖ם חָ֑סֶד וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם גַּם־אַתֶּ֜ם עִם־בֵּ֤ית אָבִי֙ חֶ֔סֶד וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לִ֖י א֥וֹת אֱמֶֽת׃ (יג) וְהַחֲיִתֶ֞ם אֶת־אָבִ֣י וְאֶת־אִמִּ֗י וְאֶת־אַחַי֙ וְאֶת־אחותי [אַחְיוֹתַ֔י] וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם וְהִצַּלְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ מִמָּֽוֶת׃ (יד) וַיֹּ֧אמְרוּ לָ֣הּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים נַפְשֵׁ֤נוּ תַחְתֵּיכֶם֙ לָמ֔וּת אִ֚ם לֹ֣א תַגִּ֔ידוּ אֶת־דְּבָרֵ֖נוּ זֶ֑ה וְהָיָ֗ה בְּתֵת־ה' לָ֙נוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃ (טו) וַתּוֹרִדֵ֥ם בַּחֶ֖בֶל בְּעַ֣ד הַֽחַלּ֑וֹן כִּ֤י בֵיתָהּ֙ בְּקִ֣יר הַֽחוֹמָ֔ה וּבַֽחוֹמָ֖ה הִ֥יא יוֹשָֽׁבֶת׃

(1) Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies from Shittim, saying, “Go, reconnoiter the region of Jericho.” So they set out, and they came to the house of a harlot named Rahab and lodged there. (2) The king of Jericho was told, “Some men have come here tonight, Israelites, to spy out the country.” (3) The king of Jericho thereupon sent orders to Rahab: “Produce the men who came to you and entered your house, for they have come to spy out the whole country.” (4) The woman, however, had taken the two men and hidden them. “It is true,” she said, “the men did come to me, but I didn’t know where they were from. (5) And at dark, when the gate was about to be closed, the men left; and I don’t know where the men went. Quick, go after them, for you can overtake them.”— (6) Now she had taken them up to the roof and hidden them under some stalks of flax which she had lying on the roof.— (7) So the men pursued them in the direction of the Jordan down to the fords; and no sooner had the pursuers gone out than the gate was shut behind them. (8) The spies had not yet gone to sleep when she came up to them on the roof. (9) She said to the men, “I know that the LORD has given the country to you, because dread of you has fallen upon us, and all the inhabitants of the land are quaking before you. (10) For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Sea of Reeds for you when you left Egypt, and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two Amorite kings across the Jordan, whom you doomed. (11) When we heard about it, we lost heart, and no man had any more spirit left because of you; for the LORD your God is the only God in heaven above and on earth below. (12) Now, since I have shown kindness to you, swear to me by the LORD that you in turn will show kindness to my family. Provide me with a reliable sign (13) that you will spare the lives of my father and mother, my brothers and sisters, and all who belong to them, and save us from death.” (14) The men answered her, “Our persons are pledged for yours, even to death! If you do not disclose this mission of ours, we will show you true kindness when the LORD gives us the land.” (15) She let them down by a rope through the window—for her dwelling was at the outer side of the city wall and she lived in the actual wall.

... דבר אחר בחדש השביעי פתח והוא ישפוט תבל בצדק ידין לאומים במישרים (תהלים ט' ט') מהו במישרים אמר ר' אלכסנדרי דן את האומות במישרים שלהם ברחב ביתרו ברות כיצד אומר לאומות העולם למה לא קרבת אצלי והוא אומר שהייתי רשע מוחלט והייתי מתבייש והוא אומר לו וכי יותר היית מרחב שהיה ביתה בקיר החומה והייתה מקבלת את הליסטים ומזנה מבפנים וכשנתקרבה אצלי לא קיבלתיה והעמדתי ממנה נביאים וצדיקים אלא יתרו כומר היה לע"ז כשבא אצלי לא קבלתי אותו והעמדתי ממנו נביאים וצדיקים אלא רות המואביה כשבאת אצלי לא קבלתי אותה והעמדתי ממנה מלכים.

Rabbi Alexandri said: Judge the nations according to their best, namely Rahab, Jethro and Ruth. How is this? Say to the nations of the world: “Why have you not come close to me?” And they will answer: “Because I was entirely wicked and was embarrassed.” And He says: “Could you be worse than Rahab, whose home was in the city wall and she would accept brigands and whore with them inside [the city]?! And when she came close to me, did I not accept her and even cause prophets and righteous people to descend from her? And Jethro was an idolatrous priest, and when he came close to me, did I not accept him and cause prophets and righteous people to descend from him? And Ruth the Moabite, when she came to me, did I not accept her and cause kings to descend from her?”

ר"א אומר קריעת ים סוף שמע ובא שנא' (יהושע ה, א) ויהי כשמוע כל מלכי האמורי ואף רחב הזונה אמרה לשלוחי יהושע (יהושע ב, י) כי שמענו את אשר הוביש ה' את מי ים סוף מאי שנא התם דאמר (ליה) (יהושע ה, א) ולא היה בם עוד רוח ומ"ש הכא דקאמר (יהושע ב, יא) ולא קמה עוד רוח באיש דאפילו אקשויי נמי לא אקשו ומנא ידעה דאמר מר אין לך כל שר ונגיד שלא בא על רחב הזונה אמרו בת י' שנים היתה כשיצאו ישראל ממצרים וזנתה [כל] מ' שנה שהיו ישראל במדבר אחר נ' שנה נתגיירה אמרה יהא מחול לי בשכר חבל חלון ופשתים:
The Gemara offers another explanation of what Yitro heard: Rabbi Eliezer says: He heard about the splitting of the Red Sea and came, as it is stated in a similar context with regard to the splitting of the Jordan in the days of Joshua: “And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, that were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, that were by the sea, heard how that the Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the children of Israel, until they were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them anymore, because of the children of Israel” (Joshua 5:1). And even Rahab the prostitute said to Joshua’s messengers: “For we have heard how the Lord dried up the water of the Red Sea before you” (Joshua 2:10). The Gemara asks: What is different there, i.e., with regard to the splitting of the Jordan, where the verse states: “Neither was there spirit in them anymore,” and what is different here, i.e., in the statement of Rahab, where the verse states: “Neither did there remain [kama] any more spirit in any man” (Joshua 2:11)? The Gemara replies that Rahab used this phrase euphemistically, to say that their fear was so great that their male organs were not even able to become erect, as “kama” also means rise. The Gemara asks: And how did Rahab know this? The Gemara replies: As the Master said: You do not have any prince or ruler at that time who did not engage in intercourse with Rahab the prostitute. The Gemara adds that the Sages said with regard to Rahab: She was ten years old when the Jewish people left Egypt, and she engaged in prostitution all forty years that the Jewish people were in the wilderness. After that, when she was fifty years old, she converted when the two spies visited her. She said: May all of my sins of prostitution be forgiven me as a reward for having endangered myself with the rope, window, and flax, by means of which I saved Joshua’s two spies. Rahab first concealed the spies in stalks of flax, and later assisted them in exiting her home by lowering them from the window with a rope (see Joshua 2:6 and 2:15).
עולה וזבחים לאלהים לאות קבלת עול מלכותו, כענין נעמן באמרו כי לא יעשה עוד עבדך עולה ומנחה לאלהים אחרים כי אם לה':
עולה וזבחים לאלוקים. This was intended as a symbol of Yitro’s acceptance of the yoke of Heaven. A similar symbolic acceptance is found in Kings II 5,17 when the general Naaman undertakes never again to offer such sacrifices as עולה וזבחים to any deities other than the G’d in heaven.
לאכל לחם עם חותן משה לשמוח עמו על שנכנס תחת כנפי שכינה, כענין ישמח ישראל בעושיו:
לאכול לחם עם חותן משה, to rejoice with him on his entry into the select circle of those who serve the only true G’d, the Creator of the universe. He joined the ranks of those who are described by David in Psalms 149 as ישמח ישראל בעושיו, “Israel rejoices in Him Who has proved to be its Creator.”
לפני האלהים לפני המזבח אשר עליו הקריבו אותם הזבחים, אם שהיה אותו המזבח שבנה משה באבדן עמלק אם שהיה זולתו ולא נזכר בנינו. והיתה אכילתם הזבחים לפני המזבח, כענין הנאכלים לפנים מן הקלעים:
לפני האלוקים. in front of the altar on which they offered these sacrifices. It is not clear if this was the altar Moses had built after the victory over Amalek (in the event Yitro had arrived before the revelation at Mount Sinai) or if it had been another altar whose erection had not been especially mentioned by the Torah. At any rate, the consuming of the offerings known as זבחים, “meat-offerings,” took place within view of the altar.
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