The Tower Of Babel Genesis 11: 1-9

(א) וַֽיְהִ֥י כָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ שָׂפָ֣ה אֶחָ֑ת וּדְבָרִ֖ים אֲחָדִֽים׃ (ב) וַֽיְהִ֖י בְּנָסְעָ֣ם מִקֶּ֑דֶם וַֽיִּמְצְא֥וּ בִקְעָ֛ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ שִׁנְעָ֖ר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָֽׁם׃ (ג) וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ הָ֚בָה נִלְבְּנָ֣ה לְבֵנִ֔ים וְנִשְׂרְפָ֖ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וַתְּהִ֨י לָהֶ֤ם הַלְּבֵנָה֙ לְאָ֔בֶן וְהַ֣חֵמָ֔ר הָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לַחֹֽמֶר׃ (ד) וַיֹּאמְר֞וּ הָ֣בָה ׀ נִבְנֶה־לָּ֣נוּ עִ֗יר וּמִגְדָּל֙ וְרֹאשׁ֣וֹ בַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנַֽעֲשֶׂה־לָּ֖נוּ שֵׁ֑ם פֶּן־נָפ֖וּץ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י כָל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ה) וַיֵּ֣רֶד יְהוָ֔ה לִרְאֹ֥ת אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וְאֶת־הַמִּגְדָּ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנ֖וּ בְּנֵ֥י הָאָדָֽם׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה הֵ֣ן עַ֤ם אֶחָד֙ וְשָׂפָ֤ה אַחַת֙ לְכֻלָּ֔ם וְזֶ֖ה הַחִלָּ֣ם לַעֲשׂ֑וֹת וְעַתָּה֙ לֹֽא־יִבָּצֵ֣ר מֵהֶ֔ם כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָזְמ֖וּ לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ (ז) הָ֚בָה נֵֽרְדָ֔ה וְנָבְלָ֥ה שָׁ֖ם שְׂפָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּ אִ֖ישׁ שְׂפַ֥ת רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ (ח) וַיָּ֨פֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֹתָ֛ם מִשָּׁ֖ם עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיַּחְדְּל֖וּ לִבְנֹ֥ת הָעִֽיר׃ (ט) עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּי־שָׁ֛ם בָּלַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה שְׂפַ֣ת כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וּמִשָּׁם֙ הֱפִיצָ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה עַל־פְּנֵ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (פ)

(1) Everyone on earth had the same language and the same words. (2) And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. (3) They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and burn them hard.”—Brick served them as stone, and bitumen served them as mortar.— (4) And they said, “Come, let us build us a city, and a tower with its top in the sky, to make a name for ourselves; else we shall be scattered all over the world.” (5) The LORD came down to look at the city and tower that man had built, (6) and the LORD said, “If, as one people with one language for all, this is how they have begun to act, then nothing that they may propose to do will be out of their reach. (7) Let us, then, go down and confound their speech there, so that they shall not understand one another’s speech.” (8) Thus the LORD scattered them from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city. (9) That is why it was called Babel, because there the LORD confounded the speech of the whole earth; and from there the LORD scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

Summary:

All the humans had one common language and understood each other perfectly fine. The humans decided to all gather together and build a tower and city in the valley of Shinar. The goal was that the tower would be so high that it would reach the sky and would give the humans a name for themselves. The LORD was not happy and realized that if humans tried to be more powerful than the LORD himself when they communicated, they shall not be able to communicate. The LORD decided to have everyone speak a different language so they couldn’t communicate, thus came the name “The Tower of Babel.”

Questions on the Verse:

1. Why does the Torah state that the people spoke the same words and language? They can be used interchangeably, so why where they both stated?(11:1)

2. Why where they migrating to the east? (11:2)

3. How did the humans know they would be scattered if they didn’t build a city?(11:4)

4.Why was The LORD mad when the humans were cooperating and trying to work together?(11:6)

5. Why did The LORD scatter the people and their languages, KNOWING that chaos would eventually happen? (11:8)

שפה אחת. לְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶש:

שפה אחת ONE LANGUAGE — The Holy Tongue (Hebrew) (Midrash Tanchuma, Noach 19). ודברים אחדים AND ONE SPEECH — They came with one plan, saying: “He has no right to select the heavenly regions exclusively for Himself; let us ascend to the skies and make war upon Him”. Another explanation (of דברים אחדים which is taken to mean “words referring to “One”): words regarding the Sole Being (God) in the Universe. Another explanation of ודברים אחדים is: they spoke דברים חדים “sharp” words; they said, “Once in every one thousand six hundred and fifty six years (the period that elapsed from the Creation to the Flood) there is a heaven-shaking, just as there was in the days of the Flood. Come. then, and let us make supports for it” (Genesis Rabbah 38:6).

Rashi explains the two reasons for why The LORD would want to disperse the humans building the tower. The first reason was that the humans wanted to overthrow or be equal to The LORD in the Heavens. The second reason is that they wanted to make a pathway to Heaven so that a flood would not happen again. The thought of being overruled or helped out a disturbed The LORD, so much so that he dispersed the Israelites throughout the whole world. This helps explain the reasoning why The LORD dispersed the people, because The LORD felt attacked.

ויהי כל הארץ שפה אחת וגו' יש לתת לב לתור בענין דור הפלגה מה היא דעתם בבנות העיר והמגדל, שאם טעמם הוא בפרט מפרטי הכפירה לא נודע אופן הכפירה, גם לא היה ה' מספיק להענישם בהפיץ אותם לבד, ועוד צריך לדעת אומרו לא יבצר מהם כי ח"ו כמעט יבא הטועה לטעות בה, ועוד מה הוא כוונת הכתוב שכתב לנו ענין בנין העיר בפרטים המגונים, והלא ארז"ל כי מרצון ה' היה שיתעסקו בבנין העולם:
ויהי כל הארץ שפה אחת. The whole earth had a single language. We must give some thought to the intent of the generation that built the Tower. What exactly did they mean to achieve by means of a city and a tower? If all they had in mind was to give expression to some aspect of heresy, how was that expressed by their building plans? If indeed their heresy was of a serious nature, their punishment, i.e. scattering them over the globe, seems an inadequate punishment. How would that punishment cure them of their heresy? The words ועתה לא יבצר מהם כל אשר יזמו לעשות, "Must not everything they are planning to do be withheld from them now?," are difficult. This line poses severe problems for a believer. Why did they say: "we will build a city for ourselves?" Who else was there to build a city for? Besides, did not G'd want mankind to construct a civilised universe? Surely He did not want a bunch of cave-dwellers?

Or HaChaim questions the intentions behind building the tower and if the punishment is adequate to the sin. Or HaChaim wonders how scattering the people over the globe will cure them of their heresy. More importantly, Or HaChaim even wonders if The LORD does not want to have a civilized universe by punishing people who build a city.

ויהי כל הארץ שפה אחת. מעשה דור הפלגה היה בימי פלג שנולד מאה ואחת שנה אחר המבול, ונח ובניו בודאי היה להם שפה אחת (והוא לקבלת חז"ל לה"ק) וכן היו להם דברים אחדים, שדברים יפורש לפעמים דבורים ולפעמים יפורש ענינים, כמו ויעשו דברים רעים, דברים טובים, שמימי נח עד העת ההיא חיו חיי המשפחה בהשקט ובטח, ולא רבו הצרכים והקנינים כ"כ, ועניניהם היו מועטים ושוים שכ"ז נכלל במלת אחדים, וכמו וישבת עמו ימים אחדים שפי' ימים מועטים, וגם פירושו ענינים שוים. ואמרו חז"ל מעשה דור הפלגה לא נתפרש, רק נבין ברמז מה היה החטא שלהם מן הספור:

Translation:

The act of the generation of travelers was in the Days of Peleg, who was born 101 years after the flood.

Noach and his Sons surely had one language (which was received from a group of sages).

And they had some things. Those things can sometimes be interpreted as things or sometimes be interpreted as matters, to do good things or bad things.

The heavens were resting up until the time where the family lived quietly and peacefully, and did not fight the needs and properties so that their matters were few and quiet.

Included in a few words: and they sat with him for a few days and also interpreted as equal matters.

And the Sages Said: The act of the Generation of travelers is not directly understood, it is only able to be understood in hints to what the sin was.

This commentary gives a very different meaning to the humans building the Tower Of Babel. The Malbim states that the verse cannot be interpreted directly, only with hints. This shows that a story can be given many different explanations trough the different ways people understand it.

ויהי בשנת שמונים וארבע שנים לחיי נח, וימות אנוש בן שת, בן תשע מאות שנה וחמש שנים היה במותו. ובשנת שבעים ותשע שנים וצאת שנה לחיי נח, מת קינן בן אנוש. ויהיו כל ימי קינן, תשע מאות שנה ועשר שנים וימות. ובשנת ארבעה ושלושים שנים ומאתיים שנה לחיי נח, מת מהללאל בן קינן. ויהי ימי מהללאל, שמונה מאות שנה וחמש ותשעים שנה וימת. וירד בן מהללאל מת בימים ההם, בשנת שישים ושש שנים ושלוש מאות שנה לחיי נח. ויהי כל ימי ירד, תשע מאות שנה ושתיים ושישים שנה וימת. וגם כל האדם אשר מלאו אחרי ה׳, מתו בימים ההם טרם ראותם את הרעה אשר דיבר ה׳ לעשות בכל הארץ. ויהי מקץ ימים רבים ושנים עד ארבע מאות ושמונים שנה לחיי נח, כאשר תמו כל בני האדם אשר מלאו אחרי ה׳ למות מקרב בני האדם וישאר אך מתושלח בימים ההם. ויאמר ה׳ אל נח אל מתושלח לאמור, דברו וקיראו אל בני האדם לאמור, כה אמר ה׳ שובו מדרכיכם הרעים ועזבו את מעשיכם, וניחם ה׳ על הרעה אשר דיבר לעשות לכם בארץ ולא תהיה. כי כה אמר ה׳, הנני נותן לכם מועד עשרים ומאת שנה אם שוב תשובו אליי ועזבתם את דרכיכם הרעים ושבתי גם אני מן הרעה אשר דברתי אליכם ולא תקום אמר ה׳. וידברו נח ומתושלח את כל דברי ה׳ אל כל בני האדם יום יום השכם ודבר, בכל הימים ההם. ולא שמעו כל בני האדם אליהם, ולא הטו את אוזנם לדבריהם ויקשו את עורפם. וישם ה׳ מועד להם עשרים ומאת שנה לאמור, אם שוב ישובו וניחם ה׳ על הרעה לבלתי השחית את הארץ. ונח בן למך חדל לקחת אישה להוליד בנים כי אמר, הנה ה׳ משחית את בני האדם מעל הארץ למה לי בנים. ונח איש צדיק תמים היה בדורותיו, ויבחר בו ה׳ לחיות מזרעו זרע על פני כל הארץ. ויאמר ה׳ לנח קח לך אישה והוליד בנים, כי אותך ראיתי צדיק לפני בדור הזה. ואתה ובניך איתך תחיו בקרב הארץ. וילך נח ויקח אישה ויבחר את נעמה בת חנוך, והיא בת חמש מאות ושמונים שנה.

(14) And they have been engaged in building for a very long time, so that they had already built the ‎city, and the tower therein reached an enormous height. And by reason of the very great ‎height it took a full year to carry upwards the stones and the bricks, to reach the builders. And ‎thus it was done all the time, some going up and others coming down, and so difficult was the ‎ascension and descension that when a brick would happen to fall down and break, all would ‎lament and weep over the great loss. But when a man would fall down and be killed, no one ‎would take the least notice of his death. And the Lord knew all their wicked thoughts. And ‎they shot arrows towards heaven, and all the arrows fell down upon them full of blood, and ‎seeing that all rejoiced, saying: We have killed all those that were in heaven. For it was the will ‎of God to mislead them, and to wipe them out from the face of the earth. And they continued ‎building the city and tower, and they acted so wickedly every day, until many days and years ‎had passed. And the Lord said to the seventy angels that stand first and nearest unto the ‎throne, saying: Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not ‎understand one another's speech. And the Lord did unto them accordingly. And they forgot at ‎once each other's speech, and they could no more speak nor understand the same language. ‎And when the builder would receive from the hands of the carrier the wrong bricks, or ‎something else he was not ordered to bring, the builder in his anger would fling it away, and ‎cast it upon someone and kill him. And this disorder continued for many days, and a great ‎number were killed in that way. And the three parties were punished by the Lord according to ‎what they have said and done. Those that said: We will go up into heaven and there enthrone ‎our gods and worship them, turned into apes and into elephants. Those that said: We will go ‎up and kill all those that are in heaven, with our spears and arrows, the Lord caused to perish ‎every man by the hand of his neighbor. And the third party that said: We will go up into ‎heaven and wage war against the Lord, the Lord dispersed through all the earth. And those ‎that belonged to neither of the parties remained there. But they soon came to know and ‎understand the evil which hath come over them and they abandoned the building, and of their ‎own accord dispersed themselves over the face of the whole earth. So it came that the sons of ‎man ceased to build the city and tower. Therefore the name of that place is called Babel; ‎because the Lord confounded there, the language of all the earth. And the place was to the ‎east of the land of Shinar. And the earth opened her mouth and swallowed up one third of the ‎tower, and fire came down from heaven and consumed another third thereof, and one-third ‎remains unto this day, hanging in the air of the heaven; and its length is the distance of three ‎day's journey. And so many of the sons of man died in the work of that building, that they ‎could not be even numbered.

The Midrash goes into some of the horrible actions the humans did which punished them to be dispersed. The more they kept building, the more their motives became amoral. Building higher became more important than life itself. They became eager to end the lives of the people in paradise. Their wicked, horrible morals was the start of the reasoning The LORD dispersed them.

Relation to teens today:

This story sent the two message to teenagers. Humans worked together and cooperated to build something quite unachievable and when they were almost successful, The LORD punished them. This could send the message to teens that it is not good to work together and communicate. At the same time, this story can also send the message to teens to not try and overthrow The LORD.