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מטבע התפילה
חִיּוּב מִצְוָה זוֹ כָּךְ הוּא שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם מִתְחַנֵּן וּמִתְפַּלֵּל בְּכָל יוֹם וּמַגִּיד שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹאֵל צְרָכָיו שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לָהֶם בְּבַקָּשָׁה וּבִתְחִנָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹתֵן שֶׁבַח וְהוֹדָיָה לַה׳‎ עַל הַטּוֹבָה שֶׁהִשְׁפִּיעַ לוֹ כָּל אֶחָד לְפִי כֹּחוֹ: אִם הָיָה רָגִיל מַרְבֶּה בִּתְחִנָּה וּבַקָּשָׁה וְאִם הָיָה עֲרַל שְׂפָתַיִם מְדַבֵּר כְּפִי יְכָלְתּוֹ וּבְכָל עֵת שֶׁיִּרְצֶה.
Hence, women and slaves are under an obligation to pray, this being a duty, the fulfillment of which is independent of set periods. The obligation in this precept is that every person should daily, according to his ability, offer up supplication and prayer; first uttering praises of God, then, with humble supplication and petition ask for all that he needs, and finally offer praise and thanksgiving to the Eternal for the benefits already bestowed upon him in rich measure. One who was fluent, would offer up many prayers and supplications. If one was slow of speech, he would pray as he could and whenever he pleased. Thus also, the number of separate services depended on an individual's ability. One would pray once daily; others, several times in the day. All, however, turned during prayer to the Sanctuary, in whichever direction that might be. This was the uniform practice from the times of Moses to those of Ezra.
וְכֵן הָיָה הַדָּבָר תָּמִיד מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ וְעַד עֶזְרָא: כֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּימֵי נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר הָרָשָׁע נִתְעָרְבוּ בְּפָרַס וְיָוָן וּשְׁאָר הָאֻמּוֹת וְנוֹלְדוּ לָהֶם בָּנִים בְּאַרְצוֹת הַגּוֹיִם וְאוֹתָן הַבָּנִים נִתְבַּלְבְּלוּ שְׂפָתָם וְהָיְתָה שְׂפַת כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְעֹרֶבֶת מִלְּשׁוֹנוֹת הַרְבֵּה וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהָיָה מְדַבֵּר אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְדַבֵּר כָּל צָרְכּוֹ בְּלָשׁוֹן אַחַת אֶלָּא בְּשִׁבּוּשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (נחמיה יג כד) ״וּבְנֵיהֶם חֲצִי מְדַבֵּר אַשְׁדּוֹדִית״ וְגוֹ׳‎ (נחמיה יג כד) ״וְאֵינָם מַכִּירִים לְדַבֵּר יְהוּדִית וְכִלְשׁוֹן עַם וְעַם״. וּמִפְּנֵי זֶה כְּשֶׁהָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן מִתְפַּלֵּל תִּקְצַר לְשׁוֹנוֹ לִשְׁאל חֲפָצָיו אוֹ לְהַגִּיד שֶׁבַח הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִּלְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ עַד שֶׁיֵּעָרְבוּ עִמָּהּ לְשׁוֹנוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה עֶזְרָא וּבֵית דִּינוֹ כָּךְ עָמְדוּ וְתִקְּנוּ לָהֶם שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּרָכוֹת עַל הַסֵּדֶר. שָׁלֹשׁ רִאשׁוֹנוֹת שֶׁבַח לַה׳‎ וְשָׁלֹשׁ אַחֲרוֹנוֹת הוֹדָיָה. וְאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת יֵשׁ בָּהֶן שְׁאֵלַת כָּל הַדְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן כְּמוֹ אָבוֹת לְכָל חֶפְצֵי אִישׁ וָאִישׁ וּלְצָרְכֵי הַצִּבּוּר כֻּלָּן, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עֲרוּכוֹת בְּפִי הַכּל וְיִלְמְדוּ אוֹתָן וְתִהְיֶה תְּפִלַּת אֵלּוּ הָעִלְּגִים תְּפִלָּה שְׁלֵמָה כִּתְפִלַּת בַּעֲלֵי הַלָּשׁוֹן הַצֶּחָה. וּמִפְּנֵי עִנְיָן זֶה תִּקְּנוּ כָּל הַבְּרָכוֹת וְהַתְּפִלּוֹת מְסֻדָּרוֹת בְּפִי כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא עִנְיַן כָּל בְּרָכָה עָרוּךְ בְּפִי הָעִלֵּג:
One who was fluent, would offer up many prayers and supplications. If one was slow of speech, he would pray as he could and whenever he pleased. Thus also, the number of separate services depended on an individual's ability. One would pray once daily; others, several times in the day. All, however, turned during prayer to the Sanctuary, in whichever direction that might be. This was the uniform practice from the times of Moses to those of Ezra. When the people of Israel went into exile in the days of the wicked Nebucednezzar, they mingled with the Persians, Greeks and other nations. In those foreign countries, children were born to them, whose language was confused. Everyone's speech was a mixture of many tongues. No one was able, when he spoke, to express his thoughts adequately in any one language, otherwise than incoherently, as it is said, "And their children spoke half in the speech of Ashdod and they could not speak in the Jews' language, but according to the language of each people" (Nehemiah 13:24). Consequently, when anyone of them prayed in Hebrew, he was unable adequately to express his needs or recount the praises of God, without mixing Hebrew with other languages. When Ezra and his Council realized this condition, they ordained the Eighteen Benedictions in their present order. The first three blessings consist of praises of God and the last three, of thanksgiving to Him. The intermediate benedictions are petitions for the things which may stand as categories of all the desires of the individual and the needs of the community. The object aimed at was that these prayers should be in an orderly form in everyone's mouth, that all should learn them, and thus the prayer of those who were not expert in speech would be as perfect as that of those who had command of a chaste style. For the same reason, they arranged [in a fixed form] all the blessings and prayers for all Jews so that the substance of every blessing should be familiar and current in the mouth of one who is not expert in speech.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב שֶׁמֶן בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מִכְּדִי אַנְשֵׁי כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה תִּקְּנוּ לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל בְּרָכוֹת וּתְפִלּוֹת, קְדוּשּׁוֹת וְהַבְדָּלוֹת. נֶחְזֵי הֵיכָן תַּקּוּן.
Regarding this, Rav Shemen, Shimon, bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: Now, since the eighteen blessings of the Amida prayer and the other prayer formulas for prayer were instituted for Israel by the members of the Great Assembly just like all the other blessings and prayers, sanctifications and havdalot; let us see where in the Amida prayer the members of the Great Assembly instituted to recite havdala.
תְּפִלָּה מְנָא לַן דְּתַנְיָא שִׁמְעוֹן הַפָּקוֹלִי הִסְדִּיר שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּרָכוֹת לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל עַל הַסֵּדֶר בְּיַבְנֶה אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְאָמְרִי לַהּ בְּמַתְנִיתָא תָּנָא מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים זְקֵנִים וּבָהֶם כַּמָּה נְבִיאִים תִּיקְּנוּ שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּרָכוֹת עַל הַסֵּדֶר תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן מִנַּיִן שֶׁאוֹמְרִים אָבוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר הָבוּ לַה׳ בְּנֵי אֵלִים וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאוֹמְרִים גְּבוּרוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר הָבוּ לַה׳ כָּבוֹד וָעוֹז וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאוֹמְרִים קְדוּשּׁוֹת שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר הָבוּ לַה׳ כְּבוֹד שְׁמוֹ הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לַה׳ בְּהַדְרַת קֹדֶשׁ וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר בִּינָה אַחַר קְדוּשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְהִקְדִּישׁוּ אֶת קְדוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב וְאֶת אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יַעֲרִיצוּ וּסְמִיךְ לֵיהּ וְיָדְעוּ תוֹעֵי רוּחַ בִּינָה וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר תְּשׁוּבָה אַחַר בִּינָה דִּכְתִיב וּלְבָבוֹ יָבִין וָשָׁב וְרָפָא לוֹ אִי הָכִי לֵימָא רְפוּאָה בָּתְרַהּ דִּתְשׁוּבָה לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ דִּכְתִיב וְיָשׁוֹב אֶל ה׳ וִירַחֲמֵהוּ וְאֶל אֱלֹהֵינוּ כִּי יַרְבֶּה לִסְלוֹחַ וּמַאי חָזֵית דְּסָמְכַתְּ אַהָא סְמוֹךְ אַהָא כְּתַב קְרָא אַחֲרִינָא הַסּוֹלֵחַ לְכׇל עֲוֹנֵיכִי הָרוֹפֵא לְכׇל תַּחֲלוּאָיְכִי הַגּוֹאֵל מִשַּׁחַת חַיָּיְכִי לְמֵימְרָא דִּגְאוּלָּה וּרְפוּאָה בָּתַר סְלִיחָה הִיא וְהָכְתִיב וָשָׁב וְרָפָא לוֹ הָהוּא לָאו רְפוּאָה דְתַחְלוּאִים הִיא אֶלָּא רְפוּאָה דִסְלִיחָה הִיא וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר גְּאוּלָּה בִּשְׁבִיעִית אָמַר רָבָא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁעֲתִידִין לִיגָּאֵל בִּשְׁבִיעִית לְפִיכָךְ קְבָעוּהָ בִּשְׁבִיעִית וְהָאָמַר מָר בְּשִׁשִּׁית קוֹלוֹת בִּשְׁבִיעִית מִלְחָמוֹת בְּמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית בֶּן דָּוִד בָּא מִלְחָמָה נָמֵי אַתְחַלְתָּא דִגְאוּלָּה הִיא וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר רְפוּאָה בִּשְׁמִינִית אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁנִּתְּנָה מִילָה בִּשְׁמִינִית שֶׁצְּרִיכָה רְפוּאָה לְפִיכָךְ קְבָעוּהָ בִּשְׁמִינִית וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר בִּרְכַּת הַשָּׁנִים בִּתְשִׁיעִית אָמַר רַבִּי אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִי כְּנֶגֶד מַפְקִיעֵי שְׁעָרִים דִּכְתִיב שְׁבוֹר זְרוֹעַ רָשָׁע וְדָוִד כִּי אַמְרַהּ בִּתְשִׁיעִית אַמְרַהּ וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר קִיבּוּץ גָּלִיּוֹת לְאַחַר בִּרְכַּת הַשָּׁנִים דִּכְתִיב וְאַתֶּם הָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַנְפְּכֶם תִּתֵּנוּ וּפֶרְיְכֶם תִּשְׂאוּ לְעַמִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל כִּי קֵרְבוּ לָבוֹא וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּתְקַבְּצוּ גָּלִיּוֹת נַעֲשֶׂה דִּין בָּרְשָׁעִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְאָשִׁיבָה יָדִי עָלַיִךְ וְאֶצְרוֹף כַּבּוֹר סִיגָיִךְ וּכְתִיב וְאָשִׁיבָה שׁוֹפְטַיִךְ כְּבָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה דִּין מִן הָרְשָׁעִים כָּלוּ הַפּוֹשְׁעִים וְכוֹלֵל זֵדִים עִמָּהֶם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְשֶׁבֶר פּוֹשְׁעִים וְחַטָּאִים יַחְדָּיו (יִכְלוּ) וְכֵיוָן שֶׁכָּלוּ הַפּוֹשְׁעִים מִתְרוֹמֶמֶת קֶרֶן צַדִּיקִים דִּכְתִיב וְכׇל קַרְנֵי רְשָׁעִים אֲגַדֵּעַ תְּרוֹמַמְנָה קַרְנוֹת צַדִּיק וְכוֹלֵל גֵּירֵי הַצֶּדֶק עִם הַצַּדִּיקִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר מִפְּנֵי שֵׂיבָה תָּקוּם וְהָדַרְתָּ פְּנֵי זָקֵן וּסְמִיךְ לֵיהּ וְכִי יָגוּר אִתְּכֶם גֵּר וְהֵיכָן מִתְרוֹמֶמֶת קַרְנָם בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שַׁאֲלוּ שְׁלוֹם יְרוּשָׁלִָם יִשְׁלָיוּ אוֹהֲבָיִךְ וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּבְנֵית יְרוּשָׁלַיִם בָּא דָּוִד שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַחַר יָשׁוּבוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּבִקְשׁוּ אֶת ה׳ אֱלֹהֵיהֶם וְאֵת דָּוִד מַלְכָּם וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּא דָּוִד בָּאתָה תְּפִלָּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַהֲבִיאוֹתִים אֶל הַר קׇדְשִׁי וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים בְּבֵית תְּפִלָּתִי וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאת תְּפִלָּה בָּאת עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר עוֹלוֹתֵיהֶם וְזִבְחֵיהֶם לְרָצוֹן עַל מִזְבְּחִי וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבָּאת עֲבוֹדָה בָּאתָה תּוֹדָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר זוֹבֵחַ תּוֹדָה יְכַבְּדָנְנִי וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים אַחַר הוֹדָאָה דִּכְתִיב וַיִּשָּׂא אַהֲרֹן אֶת יָדָיו אֶל הָעָם וַיְבָרְכֵם וַיֵּרֶד מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַחַטָּאת וְהָעוֹלָה וְהַשְּׁלָמִים אֵימָא קוֹדֶם עֲבוֹדָה לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ דִּכְתִיב וַיֵּרֶד מֵעֲשׂוֹת הַחַטָּאת וְגוֹ׳ מִי כְּתִיב לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵעֲשׂוֹת כְּתִיב וְלֵימְרַהּ אַחַר הָעֲבוֹדָה לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ דִּכְתִיב זוֹבֵחַ תּוֹדָה מַאי חָזֵית דְּסָמְכַתְּ אַהַאי סְמוֹךְ אַהַאי מִסְתַּבְּרָא עֲבוֹדָה וְהוֹדָאָה חֲדָא מִילְּתָא הִיא וּמָה רָאוּ לוֹמַר שִׂים שָׁלוֹם אַחַר בִּרְכַּת כֹּהֲנִים דִּכְתִיב וְשָׂמוּ אֶת שְׁמִי עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲנִי אֲבָרְכֵם בְּרָכָה דְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שָׁלוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ה׳ יְבָרֵךְ אֶת עַמּוֹ בַשָּׁלוֹם וְכִי מֵאַחַר דְּמֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים זְקֵנִים וּמֵהֶם כַּמָּה נְבִיאִים תִּקְּנוּ תְּפִלָּה עַל הַסֵּדֶר שִׁמְעוֹן הַפָּקוֹלִי מַאי הִסְדִּיר שְׁכָחוּם וְחָזַר וְסִדְּרוֹם מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ אָסוּר לְסַפֵּר בְּשִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר מַאי דִּכְתִיב מִי יְמַלֵּל גְּבוּרוֹת ה׳ יַשְׁמִיעַ כׇּל תְּהִלָּתוֹ לְמִי נָאֶה לְמַלֵּל גְּבוּרוֹת ה׳ לְמִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְהַשְׁמִיעַ כׇּל תְּהִלָּתוֹ
The Gemara rejects this argument: Even if the Torah may generally be recited in any language, it was nevertheless necessary to specify the matter here. Without such specification it could enter your mind to say that the words “and these words shall be” teach that the Shema may be recited only in Hebrew, as asserted by Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. Therefore the Merciful One writes the word “hear” in the Torah, to teach us that the Shema may be recited in any language. § The baraita cited previously taught that the halakha against reciting a text out of order applies to the Amida prayer as well. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? As it is taught in a baraita: Shimon HaPakuli arranged the eighteen blessings of the Amida prayer before Rabban Gamliel in their fixed order in Yavne, which indicates that there is a specific order to these blessings that must not be changed. Rabbi Yoḥanan said, and some say that it was taught in a baraita: A hundred and twenty Elders, i.e., the Men of the Great Assembly, and among them several prophets, established the eighteen blessings of the Amida in their fixed order, which also shows that the order of these blessings may not be changed. The Gemara proceeds to explain this order: The Sages taught in a baraita: From where is it derived that one says the blessing of the Patriarchs, the first blessing of the Amida? As it is stated: “Ascribe to the Lord, mighty ones” (Psalms 29:1), which means that one should mention before the Lord the mighty ones of the world, i.e., the Patriarchs. And from where is it derived that one then says the blessing of mighty deeds? As it is stated in the continuation of that verse: “Ascribe to the Lord glory and strength” (Psalms 29:1). And from where is it derived that one then says the blessing of holiness? As it is stated in the next verse: “Give to the Lord the glory due to His name; worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness” (Psalms 29:2). The Gemara continues: And why did they see fit to institute to say the blessing of understanding after the blessing of holiness? As it is stated: “They shall sanctify the Holy One of Jacob, and shall revere the God of Israel” (Isaiah 29:23), and adjacent to that verse it is written: “They also that erred in spirit shall come to understanding” (Isaiah 29:24). This shows that it is proper for the theme of understanding to follow the theme of God’s holiness. And why did they see fit to institute to say the blessing of repentance after the blessing of understanding? As it is written: “And they will understand with their heart, repent, and be healed” (Isaiah 6:10), showing that the theme of repentance properly follows the theme of understanding. The Gemara asks: If so, that the sequence of blessings is based on this verse, let us say that the blessing of healing should be said after the blessing of repentance. Why, then, is the next blessing in the Amida the blessing of forgiveness and not the blessing of healing? The Gemara explains: This cannot enter your mind, as it is written: “And let him return to the Lord, and He will have compassion upon him; and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon” (Isaiah 55:7), which shows that the theme of repentance should be followed by that of forgiveness. The Gemara poses a question: But what did you see to rely on this verse? Rely on the other verse, which juxtaposes repentance to healing. The Gemara answers: Another verse, in which it is written: “Who forgives all your iniquities, Who heals all your diseases, Who redeems your life from the pit” (Psalms 103:3–4), proves that the theme of healing should follow that of forgiveness. The Gemara asks: Is that verse coming to say that the blessings of redemption and healing should be placed following the blessing of forgiveness? But isn’t it written: “Repent, and be healed” (Isaiah 6:10), which suggests that repentance should be followed by healing? The Gemara answers: That verse is referring not to the literal healing from illness, but rather to the figurative healing of forgiveness, and therefore this verse too supports the sequence of forgiveness following repentance. The Gemara continues: And why did they see fit to institute to say the blessing of redemption as the seventh blessing? Rava said: Since there is a tradition that the Jewish people are destined to be redeemed in the seventh year of the Sabbatical cycle, consequently, they fixed redemption as the seventh blessing. But didn’t the Master say in a baraita: In the sixth year of the Sabbatical cycle in the days of the arrival of the Messiah, heavenly sounds will be heard; in the seventh year there will be wars; and upon the conclusion of the seventh year, in the eighth year, the son of David, the Messiah, will come? The redemption will take place not during the seventh year but after it. The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, the war that takes place during the seventh year is also the beginning of the redemption process, and it is therefore correct to say that Israel will be redeemed in the seventh year. The Gemara continues: And why did they see fit to institute that one says the blessing of healing as the eighth blessing? Rabbi Aḥa said: Since circumcision was assigned to the eighth day of life, and circumcision requires healing, consequently, they established healing as the eighth blessing. And why did they see fit to institute that one says the blessing of bountiful years as the ninth blessing? Rabbi Alexandri said: This blessing was instituted in reference to those who raise the prices of food. We pray for rain so that the price of produce will not rise as a result of shortages, as it is written: “Break the arm of the wicked” (Psalms 10:15), referring to the wicked, who practice deception and extort the poor. And when David expressed this request, he expressed it in the ninth psalm. Although today it is considered the tenth psalm, the first and second psalms are actually counted as one, and therefore this is the ninth psalm. Therefore, the blessing of the years was fixed as the ninth blessing. The Gemara asks: And why did they see fit to institute that one says the blessing of the ingathering of the exiles after the blessing of the years? As it is written: “And you, O mountains of Israel, you shall shoot forth your branches, and yield your fruit to My people Israel; for they will soon be coming” (Ezekiel 36:8), which indicates that the ingathering of the exiles will follow after Eretz Yisrael is blessed with bountiful produce. And once the exiles have been gathered, judgment will be meted out to the wicked, as it is stated: “And I will turn my hand against you and purge away your dross as with lye” (Isaiah 1:25), and immediately after it is written: “And I will restore your judges as at first” (Isaiah 1:26). For this reason the blessing of the restoration of judges comes after the blessing of the ingathering of the exiles. And once judgment is meted out to the wicked, the transgressors, i.e., the heretics and sectarians, will cease to be. Consequently, the next blessing is that of the heretics, and one includes evildoers with them, as it is stated: “And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and they that forsake the Lord shall cease to be” (Isaiah 1:28). The “transgressors and sinners” are the evildoers, and “they that forsake the Lord” are the heretics. And once the heretics cease to be, the horn, i.e., the glory, of the righteous will be exalted, as it is written: “All the horns of the wicked will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted” (Psalms 75:11). Therefore, after the blessing of the heretics, one says the blessing about the righteous. And he includes the righteous converts along with the righteous, as it is stated: “You shall rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of the elder” (Leviticus 19:32), and adjacent to this it is stated: “And if a stranger sojourns with you” (Leviticus 19:33). An “elder” is one with Torah wisdom and a “stranger” is one who has converted to Judaism. And where will the horns of the righteous be exalted? In Jerusalem, as it is stated: “Pray for the peace of Jerusalem; they who love you shall prosper” (Psalms 122:6). “They who love you” are the righteous. Therefore, the blessing of the rebuilding of Jerusalem is placed after the blessing of the righteous. And once Jerusalem is rebuilt, the Messiah, scion of the house of David, will come, as it is stated: “Afterward the children of Israel shall return, and seek the Lord their God and David their king” (Hosea 3:5), and consequently, the blessing of the kingdom of David follows the blessing of the building of Jerusalem. And once the scion of David comes, the time for prayer will come, as it is stated: “I will bring them to My sacred mountain and make them joyful in My house of prayer” (Isaiah 56:7). Therefore, the blessing of hearing prayer is recited after the blessing of the kingdom of David. And after prayer comes, the Temple service will arrive, as it is stated in the continuation of that verse: “Their burnt-offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted on My altar” (Isaiah 56:7). The blessing of restoration of the Temple service follows the blessing of hearing prayer. And when the Temple service comes, with it will also come thanksgiving, as it is stated: “Whoever sacrifices a thanks-offering honors Me” (Psalms 50:23), which teaches that thanksgiving follows sacrifice. Therefore, the blessing of thanksgiving follows the blessing of restoration of the Temple service. And why did they see fit to institute that one says the Priestly Benediction after the blessing of thanksgiving? As it is written: “And Aaron lifted up his hand toward the people and blessed them, and he came down from sacrificing the sin-offering, and the burnt-offering, and the peace-offerings” (Leviticus 9:22), teaching that the Priestly Benediction follows the sacrificial service, which includes the thanks-offering. The Gemara asks: But the cited verse indicates that Aaron blessed the people and then sacrificed the offerings. Should we not then say the Priestly Benediction before the blessing of the Temple service? The Gemara answers: It should not enter your mind to say this, as it is written: “And he came down from sacrificing the sin-offering.” Is it written that he came down to sacrifice the offerings, implying that after blessing the people Aaron came down and sacrificed the offerings? No, it is written, “from sacrificing,” indicating that the offerings had already been sacrificed. The Gemara asks: If, as derived from this verse, the Priestly Benediction follows the sacrificial service, the Priestly Benediction should be said immediately after the blessing of restoration of the Temple service, without the interruption of the blessing of thanksgiving. The Gemara rejects this argument: It should not enter your mind to say this, as it is written: “Whoever sacrifices a thanks-offering honors Me,” from which we learn that thanksgiving follows sacrifice, as already explained. The Gemara asks: What did you see to rely on this verse and juxtapose thanksgiving with sacrifice? Rely rather on the other verse, which indicates that it is the Priestly Benediction that should be juxtaposed with the sacrificial service. The Gemara answers: It stands to reason to have the blessing of thanksgiving immediately following the blessing of the sacrificial service, since the sacrificial service and thanksgiving, which are closely related conceptually, are one matter. And why did they see fit to institute that one says the blessing beginning with the words: Grant peace, after the Priestly Benediction? As it is written immediately following the Priestly Benediction: “And they shall put My name upon the children of Israel, and I will bless them” (Numbers 6:27). The Priestly Benediction is followed by God’s blessing, and the blessing of the Holy One, Blessed be He, is peace, as it is stated: “The Lord blesses His people with peace” (Psalms 29:11). The Gemara returns to the baraita cited at the beginning of the discussion: Now, since the baraita teaches that a hundred and twenty Elders, including many prophets, established the Amida prayer in its fixed order, what is it that Shimon HaPakuli arranged in a much later period of time, as related by Rabbi Yoḥanan? The Gemara answers: Indeed, the blessings of the Amida prayer were originally arranged by the hundred and twenty members of the Great Assembly, but over the course of time the people forgot them, and Shimon HaPakuli then arranged them again. The Gemara comments: These nineteen blessings are a fixed number, and beyond this it is prohibited for one to declare the praises of the Holy One, Blessed be He, by adding additional blessings to the Amida. As Rabbi Elazar said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Who can utter the mighty acts of the Lord? Who can declare all His praise?” (Psalms 106:2)? It means: For whom is it fitting to utter the mighty acts of the Lord? Only for one who can declare all His praise. And since no one is capable of declaring all of God’s praises, we must suffice with the set formula established by the Sages.
רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר כׇּל הָעוֹשֶׂה תְּפִלָּתוֹ קֶבַע וְכוּ׳: מַאי ״קֶבַע״? אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידֵּי אָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא: כֹּל שֶׁתְּפִלָּתוֹ דּוֹמָה עָלָיו כְּמַשּׂוֹי. וְרַבָּנַן אָמְרִי: כׇּל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹמְרָהּ בִּלְשׁוֹן תַּחֲנוּנִים. רַבָּה וְרַב יוֹסֵף דְאָמְרִי תַּרְוַיְיהוּ: כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר. אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: אֲנָא יָכֵילְנָא לְחַדּוֹשֵׁי בַּהּ מִילְּתָא, וּמִסְתְּפֵינָא דִּלְמָא מִטְּרִידְנָא.
We learned in the mishna that Rabbi Eliezer says: One whose prayer is fixed, his prayer is not supplication. The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of fixed in this context? Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi said that Rabbi Oshaya said: It means anyone for whom his prayer is like a burden upon him, from which he seeks to be quickly unburdened. The Rabbis say: This refers to anyone who does not recite prayer in the language of supplication, but as a standardized recitation without emotion. Rabba and Rav Yosef both said: It refers to anyone unable to introduce a novel element, i.e., something personal reflecting his personal needs, to his prayer, and only recites the standard formula. Rabbi Zeira said: I could introduce a novel element in every prayer, but I am afraid that perhaps I will become confused. Consequently, there is no room to require the masses to introduce a novel element into their prayers.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שִׁמְעוֹן הַפָּקוֹלִי הִסְדִּיר שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה בְּרָכוֹת לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל עַל הַסֵּדֶר בְּיַבְנֶה. אָמַר לָהֶם רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לַחֲכָמִים: כְּלוּם יֵשׁ אָדָם שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ לְתַקֵּן בִּרְכַּת הַמִּינִים? עָמַד שְׁמוּאֵל הַקָּטָן וְתִקְּנָהּ.
In light of the previous mention of the blessing of the heretics, the Gemara explains how this blessing was instituted: The Sages taught: Shimon HaPakuli arranged the eighteen blessings, already extant during the period of the Great Assembly, before Rabban Gamliel, the Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in order in Yavne. Due to prevailing circumstances, there was a need to institute a new blessing directed against the heretics. Rabban Gamliel said to the Sages: Is there any person who knows to institute the blessing of the heretics, a blessing directed against the Sadducees? Shmuel HaKatan, who was one of the most pious men of that generation, stood and instituted it.
לְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת שְׁכָחָהּ, וְהִשְׁקִיף בָּהּ שְׁתַּיִם וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת, וְלֹא הֶעֱלוּהוּ. אַמַּאי לֹא הֶעֱלוּהוּ? וְהָאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: טָעָה בְּכָל הַבְּרָכוֹת כֻּלָּן — אֵין מַעֲלִין אוֹתוֹ, בְּבִרְכַּת הַמִּינִים — מַעֲלִין אוֹתוֹ. חָיְישִׁינַן שֶׁמָּא מִין הוּא? שָׁאנֵי שְׁמוּאֵל הַקָּטָן דְּאִיהוּ תַּקְּנַהּ.
The Gemara relates: The next year, when Shmuel HaKatan served as the prayer leader, he forgot that blessing, and scrutinized it, in an attempt to remember the blessing for two or three hours, and they did not remove him from serving as prayer leader. The Gemara asks: Why did they not remove him? Didn’t Rav Yehuda say that Rav said: One who was serving as the prayer leader before the congregation and erred in reciting any of the blessings, they do not remove him from serving as the prayer leader. However, one who erred while reciting the blessing of the heretics they remove him, as we suspect that perhaps he is a heretic and intentionally omitted the blessing to avoid cursing himself. Why, then, did they not remove Shmuel HaKatan? The Gemara answers: Shmuel HaKatan is different because he instituted this blessing and there is no suspicion of him.
וְאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הִתְפַּלֵּל וְנִכְנַס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וּמָצָא צִבּוּר שֶׁמִּתְפַּלְּלִין, אִם יָכוֹל לְחַדֵּשׁ בָּהּ דָּבָר — יַחְזוֹר וְיִתְפַּלֵּל, וְאִם לָאו — אַל יַחְזוֹר וְיִתְפַּלֵּל.
The Gemara rejects this: How can you compare the two cases? There, on Shabbat, the individual is one who is obligated and should actually recite all eighteen blessings, and it is the Sages who did not impose upon him in deference to Shabbat and instituted an abridged formula. But here, didn’t he already pray? Therefore he can stop, even in the middle of a blessing. And Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: One who already prayed, and then enters a synagogue to find a congregation standing and praying, if he is able to introduce a new element, an expression or request, into his prayer, he may pray again, and if not, he may not pray again.

וְשָׁלֹשׁ רִאשׁוֹנוֹת וְשָׁלֹשׁ אַחֲרוֹנוֹת לְעוֹלָם אֵין מוֹסִיפִין בָּהֶן וְלֹא פּוֹחֲתִין מֵהֶן וְאֵין מְשַׁנִּין בָּהֶן דָּבָר:

The number of these services may not be diminished but may be increased. If a person wishes to pray the whole day, he may do so. And the prayers he adds are accounted to him as if he brought free-will offerings. He must accordingly add in each of the middle blessings a thought appropriate to the particular blessing. If this is done in one of the blessings only, that is sufficient, the object being to make it manifest that the prayer is voluntary and not obligatory. In the first three and last three blessings there must be no addition, diminution or change.

בְּכָל תְּפִלָּה שֶׁבְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה בְּרָכוֹת אֵלּוּ עַל הַסֵּדֶר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁמָּצָא דַּעְתּוֹ מְכֻוֶּנֶת וּלְשׁוֹנוֹ תְּמַהֵר לִקְרוֹת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה טָרוּד וְדָחוּק אוֹ שֶׁקָּצְרָה לְשׁוֹנוֹ מֵהִתְפַּלֵּל יִתְפַּלֵּל שָׁלֹשׁ רִאשׁוֹנוֹת וּבְרָכָה אַחַת מֵעֵין כָּל הָאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת וְשָׁלֹשׁ אַחֲרוֹנוֹת וְיֵצֵא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ: וְזוֹהִי הַבְּרָכָה שֶׁתִּקְּנוּ מֵעֵין כָּל הָאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת.

In each of the three daily services, a person recites these nineteen blessings in their appointed order. But only if he finds that his mind is in a fit state for prayer and he is fluent in speech. But if one is distracted and harassed, or is not fluent in speech, he should recite the first three blessings, a blessing embodying the gist of all the intermediate blessings, and the last three blessings, and then he has fulfilled his duty. The Blessing that they ordained as a summary of the intermediate blessings is as follows: Give us understanding, O Lord, our God, to know Thy ways, and circumcise our hearts to fear Thee. Be forgiving unto us, so that we may be redeemed. Keep us far from sorrow. Make us prosperous. Cause us to dwell in the pastures of Thy land. Gather the scattered from the four [corners of the earth]. Let them that go astray in the knowledge of Thee be judged; and over the wicked wave Thy hand. Let the righteous rejoice in the rebuilding of Thy city and in the reestablishment of Thy temple, and in the flourishing of the horn of David, Thy servant, and in the rekindling of the light of Jesse's son, Thine anointed. Before we call, do Thou answer; before we speak, do Thou hearken; as it is said, "And it shall come to pass, before they call, I will answer; while they are still speaking, I will hear" (Isaiah 65:24); for Thou art He who answereth in all times of trouble, who delivereth and rescueth from all distress, Blessed art Thou O Lord who hearkenest unto prayer.
(א) בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ׳‎ אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי יִצְחָק וֵאלֹהֵי יַעֲקֹב הָאֵל הַגָּדוֹל הַגִּבּוֹר וְהַנּוֹרָא וְכוּ׳‎:
Blessed are You, Lord our God and God of our ancestors, God of Abraham, God of Isaac and God of Jacob, the great, mighty, and awesome God, etc.
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: לְעוֹלָם אַל יִשְׁאַל אָדָם צְרָכָיו לֹא בְּשָׁלֹשׁ רִאשׁוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא בְּשָׁלֹשׁ אַחֲרוֹנוֹת, אֶלָּא בְּאֶמְצָעִיּוֹת. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: רִאשׁוֹנוֹת — דּוֹמֶה לְעֶבֶד שֶׁמְּסַדֵּר שֶׁבַח לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ. אֶמְצָעִיּוֹת — דּוֹמֶה לְעֶבֶד שֶׁמְבַקֵּשׁ פְּרָס מֵרַבּוֹ. אַחֲרוֹנוֹת — דּוֹמֶה לְעֶבֶד שֶׁקִּבֵּל פְּרָס מֵרַבּוֹ, וְנִפְטָר וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ.
Rav Yehuda said: There is an additional distinction between the various sections of the Amida prayer: One must never request his own needs in the first three or in the last three blessings; rather, he should do so in the middle blessings. As Rabbi Ḥanina said: During the first three blessings, he is like a servant who arranges praise before his master; during the middle blessings, he is like a servant who requests a reward from his master; during the final three blessings, one is like a servant who already received a reward from his master and is taking his leave and departing.

כָּל חוֹתְמֵי בְרָכוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם. מִשֶּׁקִּלְקְלוּ הַמִּינִין, וְאָמְרוּ, אֵין עוֹלָם אֶלָּא אֶחָד, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ אוֹמְרִים, מִן הָעוֹלָם וְעַד הָעוֹלָם.

The mishna relates: At the conclusion of all blessings recited in the Temple, those reciting the blessing would say: Blessed are You Lord, God of Israel, until everlasting [haolam], the world. But when the Sadducees strayed and declared that there is but one world and there is no World-to-Come, the Sages instituted that at the conclusion of the blessing one recites: From everlasting [haolam] to everlasting [haolam].

הָאוֹמֵר עַל קַן צִפּוֹר יַגִּיעוּ רַחֲמֶיךָ, וְעַל טוֹב יִזָּכֵר שְׁמֶךָ, מוֹדִים מוֹדִים, מְשַׁתְּקִין אוֹתוֹ. הָעוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּיבָה וְטָעָה, יַעֲבֹר אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו, וְלֹא יְהֵא סָרְבָן בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. מִנַּיִן הוּא מַתְחִיל, מִתְּחִלַּת הַבְּרָכָה שֶׁטָּעָה בָהּ:
Concluding the laws of prayer in this tractate, the mishna raises several prayer-related matters. This mishna speaks of certain innovations in the prayer formula that warrant the silencing of a communal prayer leader who attempts to introduce them in his prayers, as their content tends toward heresy. One who recites in his supplication: Just as Your mercy is extended to a bird’s nest, as You have commanded us to send away the mother before taking her chicks or eggs (Deuteronomy 22:6–7), so too extend Your mercy to us; and one who recites: May Your name be mentioned with the good or one who recites: We give thanks, we give thanks twice, they silence him. This mishna and the next one deal with the communal prayer leader. (If one says: “May the good bless You,” this is a path of heresy.) One who is passing before the ark, as prayer leader, and erred, another should immediately pass in his place, and at that moment, this replacement should not refuse in the interest of courtesy. The Amida prayer was interrupted and he should replace him as quickly as possible. From where does the replacement commence? From the beginning of the blessing in which the former had erred.
רַב חָנָן דְּצִפּוֹרִי פָּתַר קְרָיָא בִּגְמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם עֲשָׂרָה בְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִין לְבֵית הֶאָבֵל וְאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לִפְתֹּחַ אֶת פִּיו וּלְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת אֲבֵלִים, וְאֶחָד מֵהֶם פּוֹתֵחַ פִּיו וּמְבָרֵךְ, דּוֹמֶה כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים. בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם עֲשָׂרָה בְּנֵי אָדָם נִכְנָסִין לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם יָכוֹל לִפְרֹס עַל שְׁמַע וְלַעֲבֹר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה, וְאֶחָד מֵהֶם יוֹדֵעַ, דּוֹמֶה כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָזַל לְחַד אֲתַר אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ פְּרֹס עַל שְׁמַע, אָמַר לָהֶן לֵינָא חָכֵם עֲבֹר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה. אָמַר לָהֶן לֵינָא חָכֵם, אָמְרִין דֵּין הוּא רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, דֵּין הוּא דְּאַתּוּן מִתְגַּלְגְּלִין בֵּיהּ, עַל מַגָּן צָוְוחִין לֵיהּ רַבִּי. נִתְכַּרְכְּמוּ פָנָיו וְהָלַךְ לוֹ אֵצֶל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא רַבּוֹ, אָמַר לֵיהּ לָמָּה פָנֶיךָ חוֹלָנִיּוֹת, תָּנֵי לֵיהּ עוֹבָדָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ צָבֵי מָרִי דְּיֵלִיף, אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִין, אִלְפֵיהּ. לְבָתַר יוֹמִין אָזַל לְהַהוּא אַתְרָא, אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ פְּרֹס עַל שְׁמַע, פָּרַס. עֲבֹר לִפְנֵי הַתֵּבָה, עָבַר. אָמְרִין אִתְחַסַּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, וְקוֹרִין לֵיהּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר חִסְמָא. רַבִּי יוֹנָה הֲוָה מַלֵּיף לְתַלְמִידוֹי בִּרְכַּת אֲבֵלִים, אֲמַר יֶהֱווֹן גַּבְרִין בְּכָל מִלָּה.
רבי יוחנן ורבי יונתן אזלין מיעבד שלמא באילין קורייתא דדרומה עלון לחד אתר ואשכחון לחזנא דאמר האל הגדול הגבור והנורא האביר והאמיץ ושיתקו אותו. אמרו לו אין לך רשות להוסיף על מטבע שטבעו חכמים בברכות.
וְאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הָיָה עוֹמֵד בִּתְפִלָּה וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁהִתְפַּלֵּל פּוֹסֵק — וַאֲפִילּוּ בְּאֶמְצַע בְּרָכָה.
And Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: One who was standing in prayer and remembered that he already prayed must interrupt his prayer, even in the middle of a blessing. The Gemara challenges this: Is that so? Didn’t Rav Naḥman say: When we were in the school of Rabba bar Avuh we raised a dilemma before him: Those students in the school of Rav who mistakenly recited a blessing from the weekday Amida on Shabbat, what is the ruling with regards to completing the weekday prayer? And Rabba bar Avuh said to us: The ruling is that one must complete that entire blessing. How then did Rav Yehuda say that one must interrupt his prayer even in the middle of a blessing?
שכה.
ת': גרסי' בברכות פ' אין עומדין. אמ' רב יהודה אל ישאל אדם צרכיו לא בשלש ראשונות ולא בשלש אחרונות: יש שפוסקין מיכן שאין להאריך בתפילה לא קרובות ולא סליחות ואין להפסיק סדר תפילות בשביל פיוטין: ורבינו יעקב בר' מאיר פוסק. דבכל י"ח ברכות יכול אדם לחדש בין דברים שהן הודאה ותפילה. בין דברים שהן צרכיו. הואיל ומעין ברכה הוא מחדש. ולא הוי הפסק ברכה כלל. ומותר להאריך בהן כעין קרובות תפילות וסליחות שמסרו לנו רבותי' אנשי השם. מימות שמעון כיפה שיסד סדר של יום הכיפורים. אתן תהלה. ור' אלעזר בירבי קליר שהיה תנא. ויסד קרובות למועדי השנה. ומצינו בכמה מקומות בפיוטין שחולק על תלמוד שלנו באופן של ראש השנה. וחיות אשר הנה. שיסד כף רגל חמש מאות וחמש עשרה ישרה לכסא. ולפי תלמודינו צריך לומר דכף רגל החיות ט"ו פעמים ה' מאות. כדתניא בפ"ק דחגיגה. וכן בין כל רקיע ורקיע וכן עוביו של כל רקיע ורקיע. כו'. נמצאו ז' רקיעים וז' אוירים ואויר שמן הרקיע עד רגלי החיות הנשואות לכסא. הרי ט"ו פעמים. ה' מאות. וסיומא דבריית'. רגלי החיות כנגד כולן. שנ' ורגליהם רגל ישרה. וכך עולה ישרה. ש"ר. ה' מאות. ה"י. ט"ו פעמים. ואני ראיתי בתלמוד ירושלמי. פרק הרואה. א"ר לוי מהארץ ועד לרקיע מהלך ה' מאות שנה. ) א"ר ברכיה ור' חלבו בשם ר' אבא סומקא גדול מזה רגל אחד מרגלי החיות מהלך ה' מאות וט"ו שנה. ומה טעם ורגליהם רגל ישרה. רגל אחד מניין י'ש'ר'ה'. ראה כמה הוא גבוה מעולמו. כו'. ולפי מימרא זו יסד הקליר. כף רגל חמש מאות וחמש עשרה. וכן עיקר: כי רוב דבריו לפי תלמוד ירושלמי. ובימיו היו מקדשין על פי הראייה. ומארץ ישר' היה. מקרית ספר. ותנא היה. וראיות יש. מדאמרינן [כד דמך] ר' אלעזר בר' שמעון פתח עליה ההוא ספדנא. מכל אבקת רוכל. דהוה תנא וקרא דרוש ופייטן. בעל קרובות. ודרשות. ופיוטין. ש"מ בימיו היו קרובות. ונראה לי דר' אלעזר קליר הוא ר' אלעזר בר שמעון. שמצינו בפסיקת' שמתחילתו היה מוליך משאות ואוכל מלא התנור פת. פעם אחת כעס עם הסוחרים. והשליכם עם משאם על הגג. ושמא על שם אכילתו נקרא בירכי קליר. ובאותה שעה פייט קרובות הללו. בשעה שהיה משתכר והיה קונה עוגות משכרו. ושוב נעשה תלמיד חכם. ותדע. דבימיו היו מקדשין על פי הראייה. שלא תמצא לעולם בכל פיוטיו קרובה ליום שני של ימים טובים ואותה של יום שני של סוכות. כת' עליה במחזורים ישנים קרובה כעין קלירית: ואחות אשר לך כספת. נעשית ליוצר של יום טוב ראשון של גשם. תדע שמזכיר טל בברכת מחייה המתים. ואילו היה ליום אחרון היה מזכיר גשם. וכל האומ' שהוא עשה אומן שלא קם כמותו אינו אלא טועה.

שכה.
אמ' רב יהודה אל ישאל אדם צרכיו לא בשלש ראשונות ולא בשלש אחרונות: יש שפוסקין מיכן שאין להאריך בתפילה לא קרובות ולא סליחות ואין להפסיק סדר תפילות בשביל פיוטין: ורבינו יעקב בר' מאיר פוסק. דבכל י"ח ברכות יכול אדם לחדש בין דברים שהן הודאה ותפילה. בין דברים שהן צרכיו. הואיל ומעין ברכה הוא מחדש. ולא הוי הפסק ברכה כלל. ומותר להאריך בהן כעין קרובות תפילות וסליחות שמסרו לנו רבותי' אנשי השם.

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