Elijah said: Once, as I was walking along a road, a man accosted me. He came at me aggressively with the sort of argument that leads to heresy. It turned out that the man had Scripture but no Mishnah. He asserted: Scripture was given to us from Mount Sinai, but not Mishnah. I replied: My son, were not both Scripture and Mishnah given by the Almighty? Does the fact that they are different from each other mean that both cannot have been given by God?
They offered a parable to elucidate this point. What is this like? Like a mortal king who had two servants, both of whom he loved completely. To one he gave a measure of wheat, and to the other he gave a measure of wheat; to one a bundle of flax, and to the other a bundle of flax. What did the clever one of the two do? He took the flax and wove it into a cloth. He took the wheat and made it into fine flour by sifting the grain and grinding it. Then he kneaded the dough and baked it, set the loaf of bread on the table, spread the cloth over the bread and left it to await the coming of the king. But the foolish one of the two did not do anything at all.
After a time, the king came home and said to the two servants: “My sons, bring me what I gave you.” One brought out the loaf of bread baked of fine flour, and with the cloth spread over the bread. The other brought out his wheat in a basket with a bundle of flax over the wheat grains.
What a shame! What a disgrace!
So, too, when the Holy One gave the Torah to Israel, God gave it as wheat to be turned into fine flour and as flax to be turned into garments.
(ג) זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (משלי כד, ז): רָאמוֹת לֶאֱוִיל חָכְמוֹת בַּשַּׁעַר לֹא יִפְתַּח פִּיהוּ, מַהוּ רָאמוֹת לֶאֱוִיל חָכְמוֹת, אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא הַטִּפֵּשׁ הַזֶּה נִכְנַס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהוּא רוֹאֶה אוֹתָן שֶׁנּוֹשְׂאִים וְנוֹתְנִים בַּתַּלְמוּד וְהוּא אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ מָה הֵן אוֹמְרִין, הוּא מִתְבַּיֵּשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בַּשַּׁעַר לֹא יִפְתַּח פִּיהוּ, וְאֵין שַׁעַר אֶלָּא סַנְהֶדְרִין, דִּכְתִיב (דברים כה, ז): וְעָלְתָה יְבִמְתּוֹ הַשַּׁעֲרָה אֶל הַזְּקֵנִים. דָּבָר אַחֵר, רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי הַטִּפֵּשׁ הַזֶּה נִכְנַס לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְרוֹאֶה אוֹתָן עוֹסְקִים בַּתּוֹרָה, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לָהֶן הֵיאַךְ אָדָם לָמֵד תּוֹרָה תְּחִלָּה, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ תְּחִלָּה קוֹרֵא בַּמְגִלָּה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּסֵּפֶר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּנְּבִיאִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּכְּתוּבִים, מִשֶּׁהוּא גּוֹמֵר אֶת הַמִּקְרָא שׁוֹנֶה אֶת הַתַּלְמוּד, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּהֲלָכוֹת, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בַּאַגָּדוֹת, כֵּיוָן שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵעַ כָּךְ אוֹמֵר בְּלִבּוֹ אֵימָתַי אֲנִי לָמֵד כָּל זֹאת וְחוֹזֵר מִן הַשַּׁעַר, הֱוֵי בַּשַּׁעַר לֹא יִפְתַּח פִּיהוּ. אָמַר רַבִּי יַנַּאי לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה, לְכִכָּר שֶׁהָיָה תָּלוּי בָּאֲוִיר, טִפֵּשׁ אוֹמֵר מִי יוּכַל לַהֲבִיאוֹ, וּפִקֵּחַ אוֹמֵר לֹא אֶחָד תָּלָה אוֹתוֹ, מֵבִיא סֻלָּם אוֹ קָנֶה וּמוֹרִיד אוֹתוֹ. כָּךְ כָּל מִי שֶׁהוּא טִפֵּשׁ אוֹמֵר אֵימָתַי אֶקְרָא כָּל הַתּוֹרָה, וּמִי שֶׁהוּא פִּקֵּחַ מַהוּ עוֹשֶׂה, שׁוֹנֶה פֶּרֶק אֶחָד בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם עַד שֶׁמְסַיֵּם כָּל הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: לֹא נִפְלֵאת הִוא, וְאִם נִפְלֵאת הִיא, מִמְּךָ, שֶׁאֵין אַתָּה עָסוּק בָּהּ, הֱוֵי כִּי הַמִּצְוָה הַזֹּאת.
(3) This is what is written: Wisdom is too lofty for a fool; He does not open his mouth in the gate (Proverbs 24:7). What "Wisdom is too lofty for a fool" mean? Rabbi Tanhuma said: This fool walks into a synagogue and sees those that are involved in Talmud[study], and he doesn't understand what they are saying. He is embarrassed, as it says: "He does not open his mouth in the gate." The gate is Sanhedrin, as it is written: "his brother’s widow shall appear before the elders in the gate" Deuteronomy 25:7 (they are studying Levirite Marriage). Another Interpretation: The rabbis tell of a fool who walks into the synagogue and sees those that are involved in Torah [study]. He says to them: "How does one learn Torah at first?" They say to him: "First you read Megillah (Esther), then the Torah, then the Prophets, then the Writings. When he completes the Written Torah, he studies the Talmud, then the laws, then the allegorical passages." When he hears this, he says in his heart, "When am I going to learn all of this?" and leaves the "gate" [i.e. the synagogue], as the verse says: "He openeth not his mouth in the gate". Rabbi Yannai said: This is comparable to a loaf suspended in the air. The fool says, "who could bring it down [to earth]?" The alert one says, "No one took it?" He gets a ladder or pole and brings it down. Similarly, all fools say, "When will I read the entire Torah?" Whereas the alert one, what does he do? - he studies one chapter each day, until he concludes the entire Torah. God says: "It is not mysterious", and if it is, it is "from you" [i.e. due to you]. This explains the verse (Deut 30:11) "This commandment[...]".
(ד) הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה רְצוֹנוֹ כִרְצוֹנְךָ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה רְצוֹנְךָ כִרְצוֹנוֹ. בַּטֵּל רְצוֹנְךָ מִפְּנֵי רְצוֹנוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּבַטֵּל רְצוֹן אֲחֵרִים מִפְּנֵי רְצוֹנֶךָ. הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּפְרֹשׁ מִן הַצִּבּוּר, וְאַל תַּאֲמִין בְּעַצְמְךָ עַד יוֹם מוֹתְךָ, וְאַל תָּדִין אֶת חֲבֵרְךָ עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְאַל תֹּאמַר דָּבָר שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לִשְׁמֹעַ, שֶׁסּוֹפוֹ לְהִשָּׁמַע. וְאַל תֹּאמַר לִכְשֶׁאִפָּנֶה אֶשְׁנֶה, שֶׁמָּא לֹא תִפָּנֶה:
(4) He used to say: do His will as though it were your will, so that He will do your will as though it were His. Set aside your will in the face of His will, so that he may set aside the will of others for the sake of your will. Hillel said: do not separate yourself from the community, Do not trust in yourself until the day of your death, Do not judge your fellow man until you have reached his place. Do not say something that cannot be understood [trusting] that in the end it will be understood. Say not: ‘when I shall have leisure I shall study;’ perhaps you will not have leisure.