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Parashat Vayeira with TI Torah Study 
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A Pillar of Salt - וַיֵּרָא Parashat Vayeira with TI Torah Study

Summary of Parashah by ReformJudaism.org

  • Abraham welcomes three visitors, who announce that Sarah will soon have a son. (18:1-15)
  • Abraham argues with God about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. (18:16-33)
  • Lot's home is attacked by the people of Sodom. Lot and his two daughters escape as the cities are being destroyed. Lot's wife is turned into a pillar of salt. (19:1-29)
  • Lot impregnates his daughters, and they bear children who become the founders of the nations Moab and Ammon. (19:30-38)
  • Abimelech, king of Gerar, takes Sarah as his wife after Abraham claims that she is his sister. (20:1-18)
  • Isaac is born, circumcised, and weaned. Hagar and her son, Ishmael, are sent away; an angel saves their lives. (21:1-21)
  • God tests Abraham, instructing him to sacrifice Isaac on Mount Moriah. (22:1-19)

The Haftarah for this week: Second Kings, Chapter 4, verses 1-37

In the parashah Sara is promised a son, although, she says, her husband is old; in the haftarah, a Shunammite woman, whose husband is also advanced in years, is promised by the prophet Elisha that she will embrace a son.

Elisha was the chief disciple of his illustrious mentor, Elijah, and was active for about fifty years (850-800 BCE). While Elijah was an outsider, engaged in confrontation with corrupt power and religion, Elisha was a man whose counsel the rulers of Israel tended to seek. He had been a farmer before becoming a follower of Elijah, and his concern for ordinary folk never left him. He became the subject of folktales, and many miracles were ascribed to him.

The stories:

1. The tale of the oil jars that were miraculously refilled (1-7)

2. The tale of the Shunammite woman: the birth and death of her son, and his revival through the intercession of the Prophet (8-37)

Click HERE to read it!

The Story of Lot's Wife

(א) וַ֠יָּבֹ֠אוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קׇם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃ (ב) וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם וְלִ֙ינוּ֙ וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין׃ (ג) וַיִּפְצַר־בָּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ אֵלָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וּמַצּ֥וֹת אָפָ֖ה וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃ (ד) טֶ֘רֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּ֒בוּ֒ וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כׇּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה׃ (ה) וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃ (ו) וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו׃ (ז) וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ׃ (ח) הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃ (ט) וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃ (י) וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ׃ (יא) וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח׃ (יב) וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֶל־ל֗וֹט עֹ֚ד מִֽי־לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה חָתָן֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ בָּעִ֑יר הוֹצֵ֖א מִן־הַמָּקֽוֹם׃ (יג) כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִתִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גָדְלָ֤ה צַעֲקָתָם֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥נוּ יְהֹוָ֖ה לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃ (יד) וַיֵּצֵ֨א ל֜וֹט וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־חֲתָנָ֣יו ׀ לֹקְחֵ֣י בְנֹתָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִ֥ית יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וַיְהִ֥י כִמְצַחֵ֖ק בְּעֵינֵ֥י חֲתָנָֽיו׃ (טו) וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃ (טז) וַֽיִּתְמַהְמָ֓הּ ׀ וַיַּחֲזִ֨יקוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּיָד֣וֹ וּבְיַד־אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וּבְיַד֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתָ֔יו בְּחֶמְלַ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּצִאֻ֥הוּ וַיַּנִּחֻ֖הוּ מִח֥וּץ לָעִֽיר׃ (יז) וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכׇל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃ (יח) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹט אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אַל־נָ֖א אֲדֹנָֽי׃ (יט) הִנֵּה־נָ֠א מָצָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֣ חֵן֮ בְּעֵינֶ֒יךָ֒ וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִמָּדִ֔י לְהַחֲי֖וֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט הָהָ֔רָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי הָרָעָ֖ה וָמַֽתִּי׃ (כ) הִנֵּה־נָ֠א הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את קְרֹבָ֛ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וְהִ֣וא מִצְעָ֑ר אִמָּלְטָ֨ה נָּ֜א שָׁ֗מָּה הֲלֹ֥א מִצְעָ֛ר הִ֖וא וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃ (כא) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּה֙ נָשָׂ֣אתִי פָנֶ֔יךָ גַּ֖ם לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י הׇפְכִּ֥י אֶת־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃ (כב) מַהֵר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט שָׁ֔מָּה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת דָּבָ֔ר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרָ֥א שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר צֽוֹעַר׃ (כג) הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְל֖וֹט בָּ֥א צֹֽעֲרָה׃ (כד) וַֽיהֹוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ (כה) וַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת כׇּל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כׇּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הֶעָרִ֔ים וְצֶ֖מַח הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ (כו) וַתַּבֵּ֥ט אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֖י נְצִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃ (כז) וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּבֹּ֑קֶר אֶ֨ל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥מַד שָׁ֖ם אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃ (כח) וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כׇּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃ (כט) וַיְהִ֗י בְּשַׁחֵ֤ת אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־לוֹט֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַהֲפֵכָ֔ה בַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁ֥ב בָּהֵ֖ן לֽוֹט׃
(1) The two angels arrived in Sodom in the evening, as Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to greet them and, bowing low with his face to the ground, (2) he said, “Please, my lords, turn aside to your servant’s house to spend the night, and bathe your feet; then you may be on your way early.” But they said, “No, we will spend the night in the square.” (3) But he urged them strongly, so they turned his way and entered his house. He prepared a feast for them and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. (4) They had not yet lain down, when the townspeople, the men of Sodom, young and old—all the people to the last man—gathered about the house. (5) And they shouted to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may be intimate with them.” (6) So Lot went out to them to the entrance, shut the door behind him, (7) and said, “I beg you, my friends, do not commit such a wrong. (8) Look, I have two daughters who have not known a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you may do to them as you please; but do not do anything to these men, since they have come under the shelter of my roof.” (9) But they said, “Stand back! The fellow,” they said, “came here as an alien, and already he acts the ruler! Now we will deal worse with you than with them.” And they pressed hard against the person of Lot, and moved forward to break the door. (10) But the men stretched out their hands and pulled Lot into the house with them, and shut the door. (11) And the people who were at the entrance of the house, young and old, they struck with blinding light, so that they were helpless to find the entrance. (12) Then the men said to Lot, “Whom else have you here? Sons-in-law, your sons and daughters, or anyone else that you have in the city—bring them out of the place. (13) For we are about to destroy this place; because the outcry against them before the LORD has become so great that the LORD has sent us to destroy it.” (14) So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who had married his daughters, and said, “Up, get out of this place, for the LORD is about to destroy the city.” But he seemed to his sons-in-law as one who jests. (15) As dawn broke, the angels urged Lot on, saying, “Up, take your wife and your two remaining daughters, lest you be swept away because of the iniquity of the city.” (16) Still he delayed. So the men seized his hand, and the hands of his wife and his two daughters—in the LORD’s mercy on him—and brought him out and left him outside the city. (17) When they had brought them outside, one said, “Flee for your life! Do not look behind you, nor stop anywhere in the Plain; flee to the hills, lest you be swept away.” (18) But Lot said to them, “Oh no, my lord! (19) You have been so gracious to your servant, and have already shown me so much kindness in order to save my life; but I cannot flee to the hills, lest the disaster overtake me and I die. (20) Look, that town there is near enough to flee to; it is such a little place! Let me flee there—it is such a little place—and let my life be saved.” (21) He replied, “Very well, I will grant you this favor too, and I will not annihilate the town of which you have spoken. (22) Hurry, flee there, for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” Hence the town came to be called Zoar. (23) As the sun rose upon the earth and Lot entered Zoar, (24) the LORD rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah sulfurous fire from the LORD out of heaven. (25) He annihilated those cities and the entire Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities and the vegetation of the ground. (26) Lot’s wife looked back, and she thereupon turned into a pillar of salt. (27) Next morning, Abraham hurried to the place where he had stood before the LORD, (28) and, looking down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and all the land of the Plain, he saw the smoke of the land rising like the smoke of a kiln. (29) Thus it was that, when God destroyed the cities of the Plain and annihilated the cities where Lot dwelt, God was mindful of Abraham and removed Lot from the midst of the upheaval.

What Kushiyot/Questions/Difficulties arise for you in this text??

ותהי נציב מלח. בְּמֶלַח חָטְאָה וּבְמֶלַח לָקְתָה; אָמַר לָהּ תְּנִי מְעַט מֶלַח לָאוֹרְחִים הַלָּלוּ, אָמְרָה לוֹ אַף הַמִּנְהָג הָרַע הַזֶּה אַתָּה בָא לְהַנְהִיג בַּמָּקוֹם הַזֶּה (בראשית רבה):
ותהי נציב מלח AND SHE BECAME A PILLAR OF SALT — By salt had she sinned and by salt was she punished. He (Lot) said to her once: “Give a little salt to these strangers” and she answered him, “Do you mean to introduce this bad custom, also, into our city?” (Genesis Rabbah 50:4).
נציב. כטעם מצבה כי נשרפו עצמי' בגפדית והיתה עם מלח כי כן כתוב גפרית ומלח וגו' כמהפכת סדום. גס זה הפסוק יורה שנמלטה צוער גם כן אמד המלאך:
A PILLAR. Nitziv (pillar) means the same as matzevah. Her bones were burned by brimstone and she was encrusted in salt, for it is written, brimstone, and salt…like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim (Deut. 29:22). This verse also shows that Zoar was not destroyed. The latter is also borne out by the words of the angel.
ותהי נציב מלח במלח חטאה כמו שפרש״‎י לפיכך כשעברה צווי המלאכים לקתה בלקוי סדום. דבר אחר ותבט אשתו מאחריו ותהי כל הארץ נציב מלח שכן גפרית ומלח שרפה כל ארצה.
ותהיא נציב מלח, “she was turned into a pillar of salt;” her punishment fitted her crime, as Rashi has explained. Rashi claims that when her husband asked his wife to give some salt to his guests so that their food would taste better, she absolutely refused by challenging his right to violate the laws of Sodom concerning the entertaining of any guests. (based on B’reshit Rabbah,50,4) *Alternatively, "his wife gazed behind him and it became... - "it" referring to the entire land becoming filled with salt as it says "all its soil devastated by sulfur and salt." (Deuteronomy 29:22)
ותבט אשתו מאחריו ותהי נציב מלח. יתכן לפרש מאחרי המלאך ההופך, שכתוב בו למעלה ויהפך כי הוא ההופך הממטיר גפרית ואש מאת ה' מן השמים, ועל כן לקתה בנציב מלח שהוא מכח האש. ומה שהזכיר משה (דברים כט) אשר הפך ה' על כן הוא אומר באפו ובחמתו, והוא המלאך שקראו אף וחמה.
ותבט אשתו מאחריו ותהי נציב מלח, ”his wife looked behind him and was turned into a pillar of salt.” It is possible to understand the word “behind him” as referring to the angel who overturned these towns, seeing the angel has already been credited with this activity in verse 25 where the Torah mentioned sulfur and fire being rained on the towns. The reason Lot’s wife was turned into a pillar of salt may have had to do with the power of the fire [which dehydrated all fluids and left only solids which endure like salt? Ed.] When we find Moses refer to this event in Deut. 29,22 where he credits “G’d” with having turned that area into uninhabitable sulfur and salt, something completely burned, he refers to the agent of G’d who performed this as אפו וחמתו. The fact that he first mentioned “G’d,” and then “אף and חמה,” indicates that these were the names of the respective angels who had carried out this destruction.
ותבט אשתו מאחריו, אשתו שהיתה מאחרי לוט הביטה אחריה כי היתה קטנת אמונה והביטה אם נהפכה העיר ואם לא ואע"פ ששמעה אזהרת המלאך ללוט. ונכתוב זה הפסוק אחר ויהפוך, כי כל יושבי הערים כן היו מקצתם נציב מלח ומקצתם נציב גפרית, ואע"פ שלא נזכר מלח בהמטרה, עם הגפרית היה מלח, כי כן אמר הכתוב גפרית ומלח שריפה כל ארצה (דברים ל') ואמר כמהפכת סדום וגו'.
ותבט אשתו מאחריו, Lot’s wife who had been walking behind him turned around, seeing that she had little faith in such miracles as she had been warned would occur; This, in spite of the fact that she had personally overheard the angel warning Lot that no one was to turn around on pain of their becoming a victim of this destruction. Even though salt has not been mentioned as having been part of the lethal rain, the Torah speaking of sulfur and fire, it appears that the people themselves were turned into pillars composed partly of sulfur and partly of salt. We have proof of this in Deut. 29,22 when Moses describes the valley as it appeared in his time. The Israelites had not yet seen it, never having set foot in the land of Canaan as yet.
ותהי נציב מלח. שנתאחרה והדביקה הענן שהוא גפרית ומלח. והרמב"ן כתב כי הראות באויר בכל החליי' הנדבקים מזיק מאד ומדביקם וכן המחשבה בהם ולכן יסגר המצורע וישב בדד וכן נשוכי החיות השוטות כמו כלב שוטה וזולתם כאשר יראו המים וכל מראה יראו בהם דמות המזיק וימותו ולכן היתה אשתו של לוט נציב מלח כי באתה המכה במחשבה כאשר ראתה גפרית ומלח היורד מן השמים ודבקה בה המכה: הוקשה לא"א הרא"ש ז"ל בענין אשת לוט מתי היה דמפשט הפסוק נראה שלא התחילה המכ' עד שבא לוט לצוער כדכתיב כי לא אוכל לעשות דבר עד בואך שמה וע"כ לא היה עד לאחר שהתחילה המכה כדאיתא בפרקי ר"א ואם היה אחר שבא לצוער למה לקתה יותר מכל בני העיר. וכתב לו ר' ישראל כי ודאי אחר שבא לוט לצוער התחילה המכה ועדיין לא הגיעה אשתו והדביקה אותה המכה וספר הכתוב סבת עכובה כי היא היתה באה אחרי לוט וזהו מאחריו שכינוי מאחריו חוזר ללוט וכך הוא הצעת הפסוק ותבט אשתו והיא מאחריו ומפני כך נתעכבה בדרך כי ההבטה גרמה לה העכוב שהיתה מבטת שתבואנה בנותיה אחריה. וכן אני מפרש אל תביט אחריך לא הזהירו אלא על העכוב כי כן דרך ההולך בדרך ומביט אחריו שמתעכב וההולך בחפזה ובמרוצה מביט לעולם לפנים ואלו היה כפי' הרמב"ן אל תביט אחריך כי הראות באויר הדבר מזיק היה לו לומר אל תביט אחריך פן תנזק או תמות אלא לא בא אלא לזרזו למהר בהליכ' כמו שמפר' אחרי כן ואל תעמד בכל הככר והוא עשה כמו שנצטוה ולא הביט אחריו והגיע לצוער מהר והיא לא שמעה לציוויו והביטה ונתעכבה והדביקתה המכה ובא הכתוב להשמיענו מפני שהמרת' פי המלאך שאמר אל תביט אחריך מתה ושמא סיפר הכתוב זה המאורע שמיתת אשתו של לוט גרם אל בנותיו לשכב עמו כדי שיתקיים העולם שאלו היה אשתו קיימת לא היו עושות זה:
ותהי נציב מלח. “she turned into a pillar of salt.” Nachmanides (on verse 17) explains that mere looking at polluted air containing all kinds of harmful ingredients transfers such harmful images to the brain and thence to the rest of the body. The effect is liable to be lethal. [The Talmud claims that if one sees the reflection of a rabid dog in the surface of waters of, say a lake, the effect is also liable to be deadly. Ed.] Nachmanides speculates that the angel causing all this destruction had taken up position between the earth and the sky. An effective medication may be to isolate oneself so that one is no longer exposed to the harmful influences either visually or through inhaling them. This would explain what happened to the wife of Lot by attributing it to natural causes, rather than assuming that G’d performed a miracle in order to kill her. My sainted father, the רא'ש, was troubled about the timing of the death of Lot’s wife. From the plain meaning of the text it appears that the rain of fire and sulphur did not commence until Lot had safely reached the small town of Tzoar. This is also borne out by the description of the events in Pirkey de Rabbi Eliezer chapter 25. If the destruction did not commence until Lot was in Tzoar, why would his wife be punished more severely than the people in Sodom? Rabbi Ysrael answered my father by letter that there is no doubt that the destruction did not commence until Lot had reached Tzoar, and that his wife had lagged behind so that the sulphur and fire struck her. The Torah only revealed to us the reason why she had lagged behind; she was always trailing behind her husband, and the suffix מאחוריו describes that she was at all times behind him. The reason why she kept lagging behind was that she constantly looked backwards hoping that her daughters would join her. This also explains the angel saying: ”do not look behind you.” If correct, this means that he did not forbid her the looking behind per se, but warned her that her lagging behind due to her looking behind was liable to turn her into a victim of the destructive forces overtaking Sodom and that valley. If Nachmanides’ explanation were correct, i.e. that looking at the air behind her were to cause her lethal consequences, the angel should have said: “do not look behind you so that the harmful substances will not cling to you.” The fact that the angel added the words “do not stand still in the entire valley,” proves conclusively that time was of the essence, not what he or she would see when turning around. Lot followed the instructions of the angel, whereas his wife did not, with fatal results to her. The Torah reveals that Lot’s wife died as a result of disregarding the angel’s instructions. If not for this, she would have been saved, just as her unmarried daughters were saved. The whole story may have been related by the Torah to explain what prompted Lot’s daughters to sleep with him, i.e. the death of his wife.
וַתַּבֵּט אִשְׁתּוֹ מֵאַחֲרָיו (בראשית יט, כו), רַבִּי יִצְחָק אָמַר שֶׁחָטְאָה בְּמֶלַח בְּאוֹתוֹ הַלַּיְלָה שֶׁבָּאוּ הַמַּלְאָכִים אֶל לוֹט, מָה הִיא עוֹשָׂה הוֹלֶכֶת אֶל כָּל שְׁכֵנוֹתֶיהָ וְאוֹמֶרֶת לָהֶן תְּנוּ לִי מֶלַח שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָנוּ אוֹרְחִים, וְהִיא מְכַוֶּנֶת שֶׁיַּכִּירוּ בָּהֶן אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר, עַל כֵּן (בראשית יט, כו): וַתְּהִי נְצִיב מֶלַח.
His wife looked behind her - Rabbi Isaac said, for she sinned with salt. That night when the angels came to Lot, what was she doing? Going to all her neighbors and saying to them, give e salt, because we have guests. And her intention was that the men of the city would come to know of them. Therefore "she became a pillar of salt."
ותבט אשתו מאחריו. אחר שאמר לה המלאך אל תביט אחריך היתה נפשה הומה על בנותיה הנשארות בסדום:
"And his wife looked behind him" - After the angel said, "Do not look behind you" - Her soul was stirred regarding her daughters that remained in Sodom
ותהי נציב מלח. לפי שחטאה במלח, כיצד שבאותה הלילה שבאו המלאכים לביתו של לוט, הלכה היא אצל שכניה בעלילה לשאול מלח, אמרו לה שכניה ולמה את צריכה מלח, וכי אין יודעת שהיית חסה מלח לילך ליקח מלח מבעוד יום, אמרה להם אין אנו צריכין מלח, אלא שבאו לנו אורחים, ולכך ידעו אנשי סדום במלאכים שבאו בביתו של לוט:
"And she became a piller of salt" - Due to her having sinner with salt. How? In that on that night on which the angels came to Lot's house, she went to her neighbors' places with pretext to ask for salt. Her neighbors said to her, "And why do you need salt? Didn't you know that you were short on salt to got and take salt while it was still daytime?" She said to them, "We didn't need salt until guests came to us." And therefore, the people of Sodom knew about the angel that came to Lot's house.

מה עשו להם המלאכים הכו אותם בעורון עד שעלה עמוד השחר וכשם שהחזיק לוט בידיו של המלאכים והכניסם לתוך ביתו כך החזיקו בידו וביד אשתו וביד שתי בנותיו והוציאו אותם מחוץ לעיר שנאמר ויתמהמה ויחזיקו האנשים אמ' להם אל תביטו לאחוריכם שהרי ירדה שכינתו של הב"ה להמטיר על סדום ועל עמורה גפרית ואש עירית אשתו של לוט נכמרו רחמה על בנותיה הנשואות והביטה לאחריה לראות אם הולכות אחריה אם לא (וראת אחרי) [וראתה אחריה] השכינה ונעשית נציב מלח, שנאמר ותבט אשתו מאחריו ותהי נציב מלח:

All were treated with (measure for) measure. Just as he had taken them by the hand without their will and taken them into his house, so they took hold of his hand, and the hand of his wife, and the hand of his two daughters, and took them outside the city, as it is said, "But he lingered; and the men laid hold upon his hand" (Gen. 19:16). And they said to them: Do not look behind you, for verily the Shekhinah of the Holy One, blessed be He, has descended in order to rain upon Sodom and upon Gomorrah brimstone and fire. The pity of 'Edith the wife of Lot was stirred for her daughters, who were married in Sodom, and she looked back behind her to see if they were coming after her or not. And she saw behind the Shekhinah, and she became a pillar of salt, as it is said, "And his wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt" (Gen. 19:26).

ותבט עירית אשת לוט בהפיכת הערים לראות, כי נכמרו רחמיה אל בנותיה הנשארות בסדום כי לא יצאו עמה. ויהי כאשר הביטה אחריה, ותהי נציב ממלח. עודנו במקום ההוא עד היום הזה. וילכחו אותה על השוורים העוברים במקום ההוא יום יום עד אצבעות הרגלים ובבוקר יצמח אשר לחכו בה, עד היום הזה.

And Edah, the wife of Lot looked around to see the destruction of ‎the city, for her compassion was aroused for her daughters that did not go along with her but ‎had remained in Sodom. And as she turned backwards to see what hath occurred, she became ‎a pillar of salt. And that pillar is still standing in its place to this very day. And the oxen which ‎frequent that place daily, lick the salt pillar until they come to the toes of its feet, but until ‎morning all they licked off would grow again to be consumed again the coming day, even to ‎this day.

Is she a warning or a monument? (From Rabbi Marci Bellows piece " The Lessons of Lot's Wife)

We all waver in a delicate dance between past nostalgia and future potential. We all know what it feels like to get stuck somewhere, to look back longingly when we should be moving forward, to be turned into a pillar of the past.

Perhaps we do so in regret, mired in wishes that events had turned out differently or that we had acted differently. Perhaps we miss someone: a loved one no longer with us, or a relationship long over or an estranged family member. Perhaps we relive a former moment of glory, enjoying the memory of the moment, but no longer reaching for new accomplishments or achievements.

Perhaps we are scared, knowing that we must take a risk or a leap forward, or make a change in our lives, yet not sure how to proceed.

Rather than remaining there eternally merely as punishment, I think that Lot’s Wife, whatever we call her, stands as a signpost at the crossroads. She shows us what happens to us when we become stagnant or inert. We freeze there forever, unless we are able to look forward to take those first important steps. When remembering Lot’s Wife, let us look ahead, squinting our eyes into the bright future, pulling away the cobwebs that form, taking those tentative, anxious steps that eventually lead us to a new chapter of our own stories.

Anna Akhmatova - 1889-1966

And the just man trailed God's shining agent,

over a black mountain, in his giant track,

while a restless voice kept harrying his woman:

"It's not too late, you can still look back

at the red towers of your native Sodom,

the square where once you sang, the spinning-shed,

at the empty windows set in the tall house

where sons and daughters blessed your marriage-bed."

A single glance: a sudden dart of pain

stitching her eyes before she made a sound . . .

Her body flaked into transparent salt,

and her swift legs rooted to the ground.

Who will grieve for this woman?

Does she not seem too insignificant for our concern?

Yet in my heart I never will deny her,

who suffered death because she chose to turn.

Lot's Wife by Tani Arness

I needed to know the salt of myself.
I wanted clarity. I needed to know
why my husband was so quick
to give his daughters away —
to brag, soured sick with wine,
and tell men how creamy his daughters’ thighs —
I turned back to take another look at my life,

at myself, another woman, soft in my skin.
At dusk, I gathered the honey:
the bees gently brushing against my arms,
humming me a sweet song.

Still godlike-men came promising fire from heaven,
and so we ran.
I could not believe, then,
that events were unfolding as they should,
that all things would work together for good.

I am a woman, keeper of memory.
I wanted to know what happened to the children
who were playing just that morning outside my gate.
The little girl with chestnut eyes
had called loudly to me, waving me over to see
the grasshopper she’d scooped from the wildflowers.

I wanted to understand.
I wanted to ask my husband,
a man scared easily, by wind,
my husband, who believed nothing his fault:

Couldn’t you have held my hand as we rushed away from the burning city?
Couldn’t you have looked back to try and save me
as I disappeared from your grasp?
Was it so simple to let go,
eyes trained forward, ears pricked to the damnations of gods?

That is what dissolved me —
Not the burning sulfur,
not the looking back,
but the inability to see anything better in front of me.

I am the keeper of forgotten things.
I remember singing lullabies to the trees.
I had to turn
to discover the salt of this thing called living.
I had to turn and face his God and ask Him, “Can’t you see the good things?”

I am a woman who lived in a city sinning
and still sang down little bits of sweetness from the sky,
a woman who could not run from flames
without first gathering a handful of ash to remember us by.

Lot's Wife by Kirstine Bately

While Lot, the conscience of a nation,

struggles with the Lord,
she struggles with the housework.
The City of Sin is where
she raises the children.
Ba'al or Adonai--
Whoever is God--
the bread must still be made
and the doorsill swept.
The Lord may kill the children tomorrow,
but today they must be bathed and fed.
Well and good to condemn your neighbors' religion,
but weren't they there
when the baby was born,
and when the well collapsed?
While her husband communes with God,
she tucks the children into bed.
In the morning, when he tells her of God's decision to destroy the city]
she puts down the lamp she is cleaning
and calmly begins to pack.
In between bundling up the children
and deciding what will go,
she runs for a moment
to say goodbye to the herd,
gently patting each soft head
with tears in her eyes for the animals that will not understand.
She smiles blindly to the woman
who held her hand at childbed.
It is easy for eyes that have always turned to heaven
not to look back;
those who have been--by necessity--drawn to earth
cannot forget that life is lived from day to day.
Good, to a God, and good in human terms
are two different things.
On the breast of the hill, she chooses to be human,
and turns, in farewell--
and never regrets
the sacrifice.

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