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How Many Are the Days of Your Life?
(ח) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֖ה אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹ֑ב כַּמָּ֕ה יְמֵ֖י שְׁנֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃ (ט) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יַעֲקֹב֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י מְגוּרַ֔י שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה מְעַ֣ט וְרָעִ֗ים הָיוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵ֣י חַיַּ֔י וְלֹ֣א הִשִּׂ֗יגוּ אֶת־יְמֵי֙ שְׁנֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י אֲבֹתַ֔י בִּימֵ֖י מְגוּרֵיהֶֽם׃

(8) Pharaoh asked Jacob, “How many are the days; years of your life?” (9) And Jacob answered Pharaoh, “The years of my sojourn [on earth] are one hundred and thirty. Few and hard have been the years of my life, nor do they come up to the life spans of my fathers during their sojourns.”

1. Why does Pharaoh ask Jacob about the days and years of his life; why not just one?

2. Why do you think Jacob answers oddly, talking about his sojourn on earth and not his time on earth?

(א) שני מגורי. יְמֵי גֵרוּתִי; כָּל יָמַי הָיִיתִי גֵּר בָּאָרֶץ:
(1) שני מגורי — means the days of my being a stranger. All my days I have been a stranger in other peoples’ lands.
(ב) ולא השיגו. בְּטוֹבָה:
(2) ולא השיגו AND THEY HAVE NOT ATTAINED so far as happiness is concerned.

What does Rashi add to our understanding of Jacob's description?

ימי שני מגורי, הימים ושנים השגרתי הנה והנה עד כה היו שלשים ומאת שנה והיו מעט ורעים, כי בצרה הייתי כל הימים שחייתי עד הנה, זהו שאמר רעים, אבל מעט היאך ידע עדיין כמה יחיה אלא מפני הצרות שמצאוהו הרגיש בעצמו חולשו וידע כי לא יוכל לחיות עוד אלא מעט.

ימי שני מגורי, the days and years which I have lived so far amount to 130 years. They are few and distressing/bad. The latter is what he meant by the word bad/hard. However, how did Yaakov know that his (total) years would be short? He must have assumed that due to the troubles he had already experienced and the effect on his general well being he could not look forward to live to the same age as had his father and grandfather before him.

מעט ורעים - לפי שנראה יעקב בעיניו זקן יותר מדאי, ששאל לו: כמה ימי שני חייך? השיב לו יעקב: מעט הם, אבל רעים הם ולכך אני נראה בעיניך זקן יותר מדאי.
מעט ורעים, seeing that Pharaoh’s question of how old he was appeared to Yaakov as being motivated by his extremely old appearance, he told him that he was not nearly as old as he might look, but that the various troubles in his life he had endured had left their mark on his appearance.

Radak suggests that Jacob isn't actually that old. What makes him appear old? Why is that?

מעט ורעים היו ימי שני חיי על מה שאמרת כמה ימי שני חייך אני אומר כי שני חיי היו מעט ורעים ברב טרדת מזונות ודאגות הקורות כי הימים אשר בהם יהיה האדם בצרה לא יקראו ימי שני חיים אבל ימי שני מגורי היו בין הכל מאה ושלשים שנה:
מעט ורעים היו ימי שני חיי, concerning your question how many years I am old, I must confess that actually I am relatively young in years, and I have certainly not benefited from any life-extending drugs or herbs, on the contrary, I have experienced enough troubles to hasten my old age and my death. Years during which a person is beset with major problems do not even count as “years of his life.” But if you want to know how many years I have been sojourning on this planet, I am 130 years old.

Sforno helps us better understand why Jacob uses the word sojourn. What does that mean in your own words?

What experiences in your own life might feel like a sojourn to you?

כמה ימי שני חייך. פשט לפי שראהו זקן מאד ושערות ראשו וזקנו לבנות מרוב הזקנה שאל כן והוא ענהו ימי מגורי שלשים ומאת שנה מעט ורעים כלומר מעטים הם שנותי אלא מתוך רעות שהיה לי קפצה עלי זקנה. מדרש בשעה שאמר יעקב מעט ורעים היו אמר לו הקב"ה אני מלטתיך מעשו ומלבן והחזרתי לך דינה גם יוסף ואתה מתרעם על חייך שהם מעט ורעים חייך שמנין התיבות שיש מן ויאמר עד בימי מגורי כך יחסרו משנותיך שלא תחיה כחיי יצחק אביך והם ל"ג תיבות ובמנין זה נחסרו מחייו שהרי יצחק חי ק"פ שנה ויעקב לא חי אלא קמ"ז:

כמה ימי שני חייך,

"How many are the years of your life?"

Simple meaning (p'shat): Because Pharaoh saw that Jacob looked very old, and the hair of his head and his beard were white from an abundance of old age, Pharaoh asked this. Jacob answered him, "the years of my sojourn [on earth] are one hundred and thirty. Few and hard have been the years of my life," meaning, my years may have been few, but because of hard things that happened to me, old age has come upon me.

Life-lesson meaning (midrash): At the time that Jacob said, "Few and hard have been the years of my life," the Holy Blessed One said to him, "I rescued you from Esau and Laban, I returned to you Dinah and Joseph, yet you are discontented with your life, saying that [your years] were few and hard! By your life, the number of words that are from "Pharaoh asked" until "years of my sojourn," such shall be missing from your years, so that you will not live as long as your father Isaac!" These were 33 words, and this number of years were missing from his life, as Isaac lived 180 years, but Jacob only lived 147.

What does this commentary add to our understanding of the idea of length of life?

Baboon Life Span

Previous research [about baboons] has shown that early life adversity – such as being orphaned or simply having a low-ranking mother – can shorten the lifespan of female baboons even if they make it to adulthood.

What can you do to lengthen your life; not necessarily the number of days or years, but the experience of life?

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