The Shema: Listening Through our Hearts

Buck Moon - From the Field Guide to Insects

Eighty-eight thousand six-hundred
different species in North America. In the trees, the grasses
around us. Maybe more, maybe
several million on each acre of earth. This one
as well as any other. Where you are standing
at dusk. Where the moon
appears to be climbing the eastern sky. Where the wind
seems to be traveling through the trees, and the frogs
are content in their black ponds or else
why do they sing? Where you feel
a power that is not you but flows
into you like a river. Where you lie down and breathe
the sweet honey of the grass and count
the stars; where you fall asleep listening
to the simple chords repeated, repeated.
Where, resting, you feel
the perfection, the rising, the happiness
of their dark wings.

-Mary Oliver

The Shema comes in the 3rd ascending portion of the morning service (it also appears in the evening service)

It is a full section of the service, no only the words Shema/V'ahavta...

It follows the Psukey D'zimrah - opening to the wonder of creation, opening the heart/soul and consists of:

  • Barechu - Formal call to worship, we're now one community united for prayer
  • First blessing: The Yotzer blessing and the continuation of blessings on the theme of CREATION
  • Second blessing: The blessing of love/Torah - REVELATION
  • The Shema - Ve'ahavta, the Ve'haya (2nd paragraph), the Vayomer (3rd paragraph)
  • Blessing after Shema: Ge'ulah - blessing of liberation, REDEMPTION, freedom to be God's people

Psukey D'zimrah was about the heart, and now Shema is about the mind, the senses - what we know and how we can know it through seeing, listening, with all the senses that provide us information.

The Shema section suggests a spiritual evolution in history from the creation of the world, revealing of Torah to the people, and then ultimate redemption (Messiah, Messianic time) that mirrors the national liberation from Egypt.

Creation is the landscape of existence - where God interacts with us within history -- Revelation is where we reach 'up' to transcend ourselves through the gift and wisdom of Torah, and Redemption is the direction toward the future where our efforts to redeem the world through mitzvoth leads to.

(א) בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹקֵֽינוּ מֶֽלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם יוֹצֵר אוֹר וּבוֹרֵא חֽשֶׁךְ עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם וּבוֹרֵא אֶת־הַכֹּל:

(1) Blessed are You, Adonay our God, Sovereign of the Universe, Former of light, Creator of darkness, Maker of peace, Creator of all things.

The creation blessing does not only speak about literal light and darkness, but about the moral equivalents of 'light' and 'dark', that are 'good' and 'evil'

(ז) יוֹצֵ֥ר אוֹר֙ וּבוֹרֵ֣א חֹ֔שֶׁךְ עֹשֶׂ֥ה שָׁל֖וֹם וּב֣וֹרֵא רָ֑ע אֲנִ֥י ה' עֹשֶׂ֥ה כׇל־אֵֽלֶּה׃ {פ}

(7) I form light and create darkness,
I make health/prosperity and create woe—
I the LORD do all these things.

We should also remember the light God created prior to creating the sun, the source of light...Our ancestors also thought the moon produced its own light...

And God called the light day - Is it not day when there's light? This is surprising! It is taught: the light that was created in the six days of Creation cannot illuminate during the day because it dims the sun, and at night it cannot since it was only created to illuminate during the day. And where is it? It is hidden,and is prepared for the righteous for the Future, as it says "and the light of the moon will be like the light of the sun, and the light of the sun will be seven times like the light of the seven days" (Isaiah 30:26).

Braysheet Rabbah 3:6

(א) אַהֲבָה רַבָּה אֲהַבְתָּֽנוּ ה' אֱלֹקֵֽינוּ חֶמְלָה גְדוֹלָה וִיתֵרָה חָמַֽלְתָּ עָלֵֽינוּ: אָבִֽינוּ מַלְכֵּֽנוּ בַּעֲבוּר אֲבוֹתֵֽינוּ שֶׁבָּטְ֒חוּ בְךָ וַתְּ֒לַמְּ֒דֵם חֻקֵּי חַיִּים כֵּן תְּחָנֵּֽנוּ וּתְלַמְּ֒דֵֽנוּ: אָבִֽינוּ הָאָב הָרַחֲמָן הַמְ֒רַחֵם רַחֵם עָלֵֽינוּ וְתֵן בְּלִבֵּֽנוּ לְהָבִין וּלְהַשְׂכִּיל לִשְׁמֹֽעַ לִלְמֹד וּלְ֒לַמֵּד לִשְׁמֹר וְלַעֲשׂוֹת וּלְקַיֵּם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי תַלְמוּד תּוֹרָתֶֽךָ בְּאַהֲבָה:

(1) [With] everlasting love You have loved us Adonoy, our God; [With] great and abundant pity have You pitied us. Our Parent, Our Sovereign! for the sake of your great Name and for the sake of our forefathers who trusted in You, and whom You taught statutes of life, carry out Your will with a perfect heart, so too, be gracious to us and teach us. Our Parent, merciful Parent, Who acts with compassion, have compassion on us and put into our hearts [comprehension] to understand and to be intellectually creative, to listen, to learn, and to teach, to preserve, to practice, and to fulfill all the words of instruction in Your Torah with love.

We show our love to God through learning Torah -- We cannot offer sacrifices anymore, and many of us do not live in Israel - Torah united us across the world, everyone has the same Torah in the scroll - we study it and live by it differently.

We cannot go back to Sinai (don't even know where it is!), and it's not likely we will ever have a Temple again - and so the mitzvoth are the new basis of our relationship.

Our ability to think, reason, and apply the Torah to life is our way of being in relationship with God.

Each mitzvah, and each action, have the ability to raise up the shattered sparks of holiness throughout creation and move us toward redemption that is a higher version of creation, a re-creation of the world (completing the circle).

We must bear in mind that all the holy “sparks” are possessed ‎of an urge to serve their Creator, just as do the different ‎categories of angels all of whom vie to fulfill the wishes of their ‎Creator while being in awe of Him.

-Kedushat Levi (Genesis, Noah) - R. Levi Yitzhak of Berdichev

And one should intend while eating something or drinking something, that the flavor that one tastes in the mouth while chewing and swallowing, is the holy inner essence and holy sparks that dwell in this food or drink. And through eating, and grinding with teeth and digestion, the inner essence of the the food is purified, which is not unbound/permitted to influence the outer portion, and then one's soul will enjoy the inner essence, while the trash is unbound and and ejected to the outer portion.

-Noam Elimelech (Introduction, The Tzetel Katan 15)

(ג) שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל ה' אֱלֹקֵֽינוּ ה' אֶחָד:

(3) Hear, Israel: Adonoy is our God, Adonoy is One.

  • Ayin of Shema and Daled of Echad printed larger in Torah, Ayd = witness
  • What are the possible meanings of 'Echad'- God is One (undivided), God Alone (no others), God is the Universal One (everywhere, at all times)...
  • Covering our eyes - designating this reading of the verse from Torah as a mitzvah moment

(ו) וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה' אֱלֹקֶֽיךָ בְּכָל֯־לְ֯בָבְ֒ךָ וּבְכָל־נַפְשְׁ֒ךָ וּבְכָל־מְאֹדֶֽךָ: וְהָיוּ הַדְּ֒בָרִים הָאֵֽלֶּה אֲשֶׁר֯ אָ֯נֹכִי מְצַוְּ֒ךָ הַיּוֹם עַל֯־לְ֯בָבֶֽךָ: וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶֽיךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם בְּשִׁבְתְּ֒ךָ בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּ֒ךָ בַדֶּֽרֶךְ וּבְשָׁכְבְּ֒ךָ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ: וּקְשַׁרְתָּם לְאוֹת עַל֯־יָ֯דֶֽךָ וְהָיוּ לְטֹטָפֹת בֵּין עֵינֶֽיךָ: וּכְתַבְתָּם עַל־מְזֻזוֹת בֵּיתֶֽךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ:

(6) And you shall love Adonoy your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your possessions (might). And these words which I command you today, shall be upon your heart. And you shall teach them sharply to your children. And you shall discuss them when you sit in your house, and when you travel on the road, and when you lie down and when you rise. And you shall bind them for a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for totafos between your eyes. And you shall write them upon the doorposts of your house and upon your gateways.

  • Addressed to each of us as individuals
  • Heart, soul, and possessions (might?) - 'me'o'de'cha' - m'od is an adverb, with all your 'veryness' (your 'everything'), with all that makes you unique, with all our creativity, with all your energy-personality-experience-wisdom...
  • With all your heart - doubled vet, with both of our human inclinations, yetzer ha tov/yetzer ha'ra, inclination toward good and inclination toward wickedness (ambition, not necessarily bad...)
(כא) וְשֵׁ֥ם אָחִ֖יו יוּבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י כׇּל־תֹּפֵ֥שׂ כִּנּ֖וֹר וְעוּגָֽב׃ (כב) וְצִלָּ֣ה גַם־הִ֗וא יָֽלְדָה֙ אֶת־תּ֣וּבַל קַ֔יִן לֹטֵ֕שׁ כׇּל־חֹרֵ֥שׁ נְחֹ֖שֶׁת וּבַרְזֶ֑ל וַֽאֲח֥וֹת תּֽוּבַל־קַ֖יִן נַֽעֲמָֽה׃
(21) And the name of his brother was Jubal; he was the ancestor of all who play the lyre and the pipe. (22) As for Zillah, she bore Tubal-cain, who forged all implements of copper and iron. And the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
  • 2nd paragraph of Shema - is written about 'us', corporate/national responsibility
  • 3rd paragraph - The reminders of the covenant/mitzvot - tzitzit - we need regular reminders, we're human, we forget!
  • The word tzitzit in Gematria adds up to 600, we have 5 double knots on each tallit corner, and 8 strings on each corner = 613 -- 248 positive and 365 negative

(ו) מִי כָמֹֽכָה בָּאֵלִם ה' מִי כָּמֹֽכָה נֶאְדָּר בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ נוֹרָא תְהִלֹּת עֹֽשֵׂה פֶֽלֶא:

(6) Who is like You among the mighty, Adonoy! Who is like You— [You are] adorned in holiness, awesome in praise, performing wonders!

(א) באלם ה'. הם מלאכי מעלה הקדושים. ובני אלים הם הכוכבים. ועוד אפרש זה בפרשת כי תשא:
(1) WHO IS LIKE UNTO THEE, O LORD, AMONG THE MIGHTY. Elim (the mighty) refers to the holy angels in the celestial heights. The sons of the mighty (bene elim) refers to the stars. I will explain this further in the Torah portion Ki Tissa.

Canaanites had many gods -- the Egyptians had many gods too.

(ט) צוּר יִשְׂרָאֵל קֽוּמָה בְּעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל וּפְדֵה כִנְאֻמֶֽךָ יְהוּדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל, גֹּאֲלֵֽנוּ ה' צְבָאוֹת שְׁמוֹ קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל: בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' גָּאַל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

(9) Rock of Israel, arise to the aid of Israel, and liberate Judah and Israel as You promised. Our Redeemer— ‘Adonoy of hosts’ is God's Name, the Holy One of Israel Blessed are You, Adonoy, Who redeemed Israel.

Redemption - liberation, freedom...We go free, but not completely free - we have privileges and also obligations -- We stand with our ancestors, celebrating God's victory at the sea, and the new path laid out in front of us...but we're not ready yet to be on our own, we have to grow - learn to be independent, self-reliant, to evolve from the mindset of slaves...what is the mindset of slaves...

And it's only after we contemplate these questions that we can address God directly in the Amidah that comes afterwards -- first we have to feel unburdened of the weight of the past, so we can be fully present in the moment.