[If] he [the Judge] erred in weighing of opinions, e.g., [in] a case regarding which there is a dispute among Tannaim or Amoraim and the Halachah was not decided in accordance with [the views of] either of them explicitly and he acted in accordance with [the view of] one of them and he knew not that the general practice had already spread throughout the world in accordance with [the views of] the other [authority], — [then] if this Judge was an expert [Mumḥeh] and obtained authorization from the Resh Galutha or [even] if he obtained no authorization but the litigants accepted him, — [the law is that] since he is an expert, the verdict is reversed. If, however, it is impossible to reverse [the verdict], he is absolved from making compensation. Gloss: [The decision of] three laymen is regarded as [that of] an individual expert. , supra § 3 in what manner obtaining authorization from the ruler is effective. One should not say 'I will render a decision in agreement with whomever I desire' pertaining to a matter wherein there is a difference of opinion [among the authorities]; and if one acts thus it is regarded as a false verdict unless if he is a distinguished scholar and knows [how] to harmonize [the conflicting views] by [well-grounded] proofs, he has the authority [to act thus]; but if he is incapable for this, he should not exact money [as a result] of uncertainty, for wherever there exists a doubt regarding the [accepted] law, we do not exact money from the possessor. And if it is concerning ritual law and it is a matter involving a Biblical prohibition, one should adopt the restrictive view; and if it involves a Rabbinical matter, one should adopt the lenient view and [provided] only if the two dissenting [authorities] are equals; but one should not rely on the statements of a minor [authority] as opposed to the statements of one superior to him in wisdom and in numbers [of disciples or followers] even in a time of emergency unless it also involved a serious loss. Likewise, if it was a case of an individual authority as opposed to a majority, — [then] we follow the majority everywhere. And even if the majority [of authorities] agree, not because of the same reason, only each one [of them] has his own individual argument, — [then the law is that] since they concur regarding the law — they are regarded as a majority and we adopt their opinion. If the prevailing custom in town is to adopt a lenient view [in a certain matter] because one Sage had [once] ruled for them thus, we follow his opinion, and if [subsequently] another Sage arrived and prohibits what they [the townspeople] permit [in accordance with the lenient view of the former Sage], one must act in accordance with the prohibition [of the latter Sage]. Wherever the statements of the former [authorities] are recorded in writing and are well-known, and the later Codifiers differ with the former as [we find] that at times the Codifiers oppose the [views] of the Geonim, we follow the [views of the] later [authorities], for the Halachah rests with the later authorities beginning with Abaye and Raba onwards. However, if at times we find a Geonic Responsum which was not recorded in writing and [the opinions of] other [authorities] are found to conflict with it, it is not required to render a decision in accordance with the views of the later authorities, for it is possible that they were unaware of the opinions of the Gaon, and had they heard of them, they would retract.