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Based on the Mussar Torah Commentary
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Parashat Yitro and Emet (Truth) Based on the Mussar Torah Commentary

Morinis, Alan. Everyday Holiness: The Jewish Spiritual Path of Mussar

“Truth is not something we discover at one time. That is how things are for God, but not for us. For Judaism, truth—as understood and internalized by humanity—is a developmental process. That is why so much of the Bible is narrative and so many of its books are works of history.”

וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: ״תָּיו״ — סוֹף חוֹתָמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: חוֹתָמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא ״אֱמֶת״. (אָמַר) רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי [אָמַר]: אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁקִּיְּמוּ אֶת הַתּוֹרָה כֻּלָּהּ מֵאָלֶף וְעַד תָּיו.
And Reish Lakish said: The letter tav is the last letter of the seal of the Holy One, Blessed be He, as Rabbi Ḥanina said: The seal of the Holy One, Blessed be He, is truth [emet], which ends with the letter tav. Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: The letter tav teaches that these are people who observed the entire Torah from alef through tav.

Rabbi Carol Glass "Truth: Emet as a Way of Being" In The Mussar Torah Commentary: A Spiritual Path to Living a Meaningful and Ethical Life

emet, most often translated as “truth,” is not primarily about the correctness of one’s vision of the world; nor is it the opposite of falsehood, nor that which can be substantiated with facts. Emet is a way of being in the world. It is as much an exercise of the heart as it is an exercise of the mind. Pure or absolute emet, however, is not humanly attainable; it is, as Rabbi Kushner puts it: “God’s way of seeing the world.” Based on such teachings, emet became one of the Jewish names for God. Within the world of Mussar, there is more than one approach to the middah of emet. Some teachers favor what I’d call a classical definition of emet, teaching that the middah focuses on honesty and reliability. Other teachers understand emet to be the middah of inclusive, respectful regard both for what is apparent and for what remains undetected—for what is obvious, as well as that which may elude us or be hidden from us.

(א) וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוֹצִ֧יא יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (ב) וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־צִפֹּרָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת מֹשֶׁ֑ה אַחַ֖ר שִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ׃ (ג) וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נׇכְרִיָּֽה׃ (ד) וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר כִּֽי־אֱלֹהֵ֤י אָבִי֙ בְּעֶזְרִ֔י וַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִי מֵחֶ֥רֶב פַּרְעֹֽה׃
(1) Jethro priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people, how the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt. (2) So Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after she had been sent home, (3) and her two sons—of whom one was named Gershom, that is to say, “I have been a stranger in a foreign land”; (4) and the other was named Eliezer, meaning, “The God of my father was my help, and He delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh.”

Rabbi Carol Glass "Truth: Emet as a Way of Being" In The Mussar Torah Commentary: A Spiritual Path to Living a Meaningful and Ethical Life

The choice of the names Gershom (meaning “I have been a stranger in a foreign land”) and Eliezer (meaning “My ancestors’ God was my help, delivering me from the sword of Pharoah”) reveals Moses’s ability to accept and embrace his life in its entirety and to derive meaning not only from the grand highpoints but also from the risky challenges. His children’s names reflect an honest appraisal of a life that includes separation, alienation, and danger, as well as spiritual intimacy, significant familial relationships, and gratitude.

Batya Gallant, Darchei Binah Seminary in Jerusalem:

Middas ha’emes, truth-perception requires the ability to perceive reality as it really is, and to live one’s life based on that reality. . . ." Growth in middas ha’emes requires recognizing the illusions we may be holding onto, and discarding them. . . . The shedding of illusions is a lifelong struggle that, like all spiritual growth, requires one’s courage to move beyond one’s natural inclinations... and ultimately, to perceive the finite as thoroughly informed by the Infinite.

(ז) וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק־ל֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃ (ח) וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֤ת כׇּל־הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם יְהֹוָֽה׃ (ט) וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כׇּל־הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִצִּיל֖וֹ מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (י) וַיֹּ֘אמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרַ֖יִם וּמִיַּ֣ד פַּרְעֹ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִצִּיל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד־מִצְרָֽיִם׃
(7) Moses went out to meet his father-in-law; he bowed low and kissed him; each asked after the other’s welfare, and they went into the tent. (8) Moses then recounted to his father-in-law everything that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardships that had befallen them on the way, and how the LORD had delivered them. (9) And Jethro rejoiced over all the kindness that the LORD had shown Israel when He delivered them from the Egyptians. (10) “Blessed be the LORD,” Jethro said, “who delivered you from the Egyptians and from Pharaoh, and who delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians.

Rabbi Carol Glass "Truth: Emet as a Way of Being" In The Mussar Torah Commentary: A Spiritual Path to Living a Meaningful and Ethical Life

Moses again applies emet—“whole-picture awareness”—as he reports to Jethro regarding all God has done for the Israelites in Egypt, during the Exodus itself, at the Reed Sea, and during the journey so far. Moses could have focused only on God’s miraculous, redemptive actions, as Jethro did when he noted “all the kindness [tovah] that the Eternal had shown Israel when delivering them from the Egyptians” (Exodus 18:9). But Moses does not whitewash the history or describe only what is exciting or beneficial or safe to say. Instead, Moses mentions “all the hardships” (Exodus 18:8) before sharing the story of deliverance. In this way, Moses is teaching us that when we benefit, it behooves us to take note and acknowledge the possible losses that occur as a result of our gains. This type of mindfulness can be applied to numerous other trade-offs in life—for example, when we are given an honor, others who were passed over may have lost an opportunity that could have changed their lives; or when our clothing is inexpensive, it might be because the people who are making it are not paid fairly.

Morinis, Alan. Everyday Holiness: The Jewish Spiritual Path of Mussar

Truth is delicate. Its fabric is so easily stretched and torn. Truth is versatile—look at how many causes will readily sacrifice truth to some other goal. Truth can be simple, but more often it is deceptively complex, and not always singular. And as the Alter of Novarodok teaches, we are easily confused about truth, because truth can appear before us in the guise of falsehood, just as falsehood can show up in the trappings of truth.

Aaron Philmus "What Really Happened at Sinai" https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/25573.6?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en

Two men came to the Rabbi's study to settle an argument. The Rabbi's wife was also seated in the room. One man explained his complaint to the Rabbi: "The story is such and so, and he has to do this and he has to do that." He gives a fine account and argues his case clearly. The Rabbi declares, "You're right!" Next, the other man presents his side. He speaks with such passion and persuasion that the Rabbi also says to him, "You're right!"

After they leave, the Rabbi's wife is distraught and says to her husband, "How can you say that both of them are right?" The Rabbi strokes his beard and thinks long and hard and finally says to his wife, "You know, you're right."

Eruvin 13b:10-14

R. Abba stated in the name of Samuel: For three years there was a dispute between Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel, the former asserting, ‘The halachah is in agreement with our views’ and the latter contending, ‘The halachah is in agreement with our views’. Then a bath kol issued announcing, ‘[The utterances of] both are the words of the living God...

(טז) וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כׇּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃ (יז) וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃ (יח) וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהֹוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כׇּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃ (יט) וַיְהִי֙ ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר הוֹלֵ֖ךְ וְחָזֵ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד מֹשֶׁ֣ה יְדַבֵּ֔ר וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יַעֲנֶ֥נּוּ בְקֽוֹל׃ (כ) וַיֵּ֧רֶד יְהֹוָ֛ה עַל־הַ֥ר סִינַ֖י אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהֹוָ֧ה לְמֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָהָ֖ר וַיַּ֥עַל מֹשֶֽׁה׃
(16) On the third day, as morning dawned, there was thunder, and lightning, and a dense cloud upon the mountain, and a very loud blast of the horn; and all the people who were in the camp trembled. (17) Moses led the people out of the camp toward God, and they took their places at the foot of the mountain. (18) Now Mount Sinai was all in smoke, for the LORD had come down upon it in fire; the smoke rose like the smoke of a kiln, and the whole mountain trembled violently. (19) The blare of the horn grew louder and louder. As Moses spoke, God answered him in thunder. (20) The LORD came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top of the mountain, and the LORD called Moses to the top of the mountain and Moses went up.

Midrash Shemot Rabbah 5:9

"Rabbi Yochanan said: When God’s voice came forth at Mt. Sinai, it divided itself into 70 human languages so that the whole world might understand it. All at Mt. Sinai, young and old, women, children, and infants according to their ability to understand. Moses too, understood only according to his capacity, as it is said (Ex. 19:19), ‘Moses spoke and God answered him with a voice.’ With a voice that Moses could hear.”

Sefat Emet

Every person has his or her own piece of Torah. The complete Torah was given to the Jewish people as a whole. However, each person has a personal teaching, his or her own Torah, inside them. This is hidden within the soul. There is a piece of Torah that can be learned from every person.

Truth Is by Adyashanti

Truth is only discovered in the moment.

There is no truth that can be carried over

to the next moment, the next day, the next year.

Truth comes into the non-seeking mind fresh and alive.

It is not something you can carry with you, accumulate, or hold onto.

Truth leaps into view when the mind is quiet, not asserting itself.

You cannot contain or domesticate truth, for if you do, it dies instantly.

Truth prowls the unknown waiting for a gap in the mind’s activity.

When that gap is there, the truth leaps out of the unknown into the known.

Instantly you comprehend it and sense its sacredness.

The timeless has broken through like a flash of lightning

and illuminated the moment with its presence.

Truth comes to an innocent mind as a blessing.

Truth is a holy thing because it liberates thought from itself

and illumines the human heart from the inside out.

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