בִּפְרִיכָה דָּרֵשׁ רַב עַוִּירָא בִּשְׂכַר נָשִׁים צִדְקָנִיּוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר נִגְאֲלוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם
Rav Avira taught: In the merit of the righteous women that were in that generation, the Jewish people were redeemed from Egypt.
(18) Moses went back to his father-in-law Yeter and said to him, “Let me go back to my kinsmen in Egypt and see how they are faring.” And Yitro said to Moses, “Go in peace.” (19) Ad-nai said to Moses in Midian, “Go back to Egypt, for all the men who sought to kill you are dead.” (20) So Moses took his wife and sons, mounted them on a donkey, and went back to the land of Egypt; and Moses took the rod of God with him. (21) And Ad-nai said to Moses, “When you return to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the marvels that I have put within your power. I, however, will stiffen his heart so that he will not let the people go. (22) Then you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus said Ad-nai: Israel is My first-born son. (23) I say to you, “Let My son go, that he may worship Me,” yet you refuse to let him go. Now I will slay your first-born son.’” (24) And it was, on the way to the inn, Ad-nai encountered him and sought to kill him. (25) So Tzipporah took a flint and cut off her son’s foreskin, and touched his legs with it, saying, “You are truly a bridegroom of blood to me!” (26) And he withdrew from him, she added, “A bridegroom of blood because of the circumcision.” (27) Ad-nai said to Aaron, “Go to meet Moshe in the wilderness.” He went and met him at the mountain of God, and he kissed him. (28) Moshe told Aaron all the words of Ad-nai, that He had sent him, and all the signs about which He had instructed him.
And Zipporah walked in the way of the women of Jacob; she never failed in the least from the righteousness of Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel and Leah. And Zipporah conceived and bare a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said: I have been a stranger in a strange land. But Moses did not circumcise him, at the command of Reuel, his father-in-law. And she conceived again and bare a son, whom he did circumcise, and he called his name Eliezer, saying: The God of my father was my helper, and he delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh. And Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, continued to increase the labor of the children of Israel, and to make his yoke heavier upon them in those days, and he ordered it to be proclaimed throughout all Egypt, saying: Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as hereto fore; let them go and gather straw for themselves. And the tale of bricks which they did make heretofore, ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish aught thereof, for they are negligent in their work. And when the children of Israel heard this, they mourned and sighed, and they cried unto the Lord in the bitterness of their souls. And the Lord became jealous of his people and of his inheritance, and he heard their voice, and he decided to bring them forth from the affliction of Egypt, and to give unto them the land of Canaan for a possession. And in those days Moses was feeding the sheep of his father-in-law, Reuel, the Midianite, beyond the wilder ness of Zin, and the rod which he took from his father in-law he had with him. And one day a kid of the goats ran astray from the flock, and Moses searched for it and pursued it, until he came to the mountain of God, to Horeb. And when he came to Horeb the Lord appeared unto him in the bush, and he saw the bush burning with fire, but the fire could not prevail over the bush to consume it. And Moses was greatly astonished at the sight, and he wondered why the bush was not consumed; and he drew nigh to examine that awful thing. And the Lord called unto Moses from the midst of the fire, and he commanded him to go down to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to release the children of Israel from bondage. And the Lord said unto Moses: Go thou and return to Egypt, for all those men are dead who sought thy life, and speak unto Pharaoh, that he send forth the children of Israel from his land. And the Lord showed unto him how to perform signs and wonders in Egypt before the eyes of Pharaoh and his servants, so that they might believe that the Lord had sent him; and Moses hearkened to all that the Lord commanded unto him, and Moses returned to his father in-law and informed him of this thing, and Yitro said: Go in peace.
(1) Jethro priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people, how the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt. (2) So Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after she had been sent home, (3) and her two sons—of whom one was named Gershom, that is to say, “I have been a stranger in a foreign land”; (4) and the other was named Eliezer, meaning, “The God of my father was my help, and He delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh.” (5) Jethro, Moshe's father-in-law, brought his sons and his wife to Moshe in the wilderness, where he was encamped at the mountain of God. (6) He sent word to Moses, “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you, with your wife and her two sons.” (7) Moses went out to meet his father-in-law; he bowed low and kissed him; each asked after the other’s welfare, and they went into the tent. (8) Moses then recounted to his father-in-law everything that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the hardships that had befallen them on the way, and how the LORD had delivered them.
אחר שלוחיה אחר ששלחה אליו לדעת איזה מקום מנוחתו, והודיע שלא ינוח עד הר האלקים ששם יעבדוהו, כמו שיעד באמרו תעבדון את האלקים על ההר הזה...
אחר שלוחיה. After she (Tzipporah) had sent a message to him to find out where they were encamped. Moses had informed her that the Israelites would not stop anywhere for any length of time until they would reach the mountain of God, Mount Chorev, where they would serve the Lord. She must have known about this as Moses must have told her of God’s prediction (in Exodus 3:12) that once out of Egypt the Jewish people would serve the Lord there at that mountain...
(ג) ואת שני בניה וגו' נכריה, ר' יהושע אומר, ארץ נכריה היתה לו ודאי. ר' אלעזר המודעי אומר, בארץ נכריה [נכר יה]. אמר משה, הואיל וכל העולם עובדי עבודה זרה, אני אעבוד למי שאמר והיה העולם. שבשעה שאמר משה ליתרו, תן לי צפורה בתך לאשה, אמר לו יתרו, קבל עליך דבר זה שאומר לך ואני נותנה לך לאשה, אמר לו מהו, אמר לו בן שיהיה לך תחלה יהיה לעבודה זרה, מכאן ואילך לשם שמים, וקבל עליו. אמר לו השבע לי, וישבע לו, שנ' (שם ב) ויואל משה. אין אלה אלא לשון שבועה שנ' (שמו"א יד) ויואל שאול את העם לאמר, וכתיב (מל"ב ה כג) ויאמר נעמן הואל וקח ככרים. לפיכך הקדים המלאך להרוג את משה, מיד ותקח צפורה צר ותכרות את ערלת בנה וגו' וירף וגו'. ר' אלעזר בן עזריה אומר, מאוסה ערלה שנתגנו בה רשעים, שנ' (ירמיה ט) כי כל הגוים ערלים וכל בית ישראל ערלי לב. ר' ישמעאל אומר, גדולה מילה ששלש עשרה בריתות נכרתו עליה. ר' יוסי הגלילי אומר, גדולה מילה שדוחה את השבת החמורה שחייבין עליה כרת. ר' יהושע בן קרחא אומר, גדולה מילה שלא נתלה למשה עליה מלא שעה. ר' נחמיה אומר, גדולה מילה שדוחה את הנגעים. רבי אומר, גדולה מילה שכל זכיותיו של משה לא עמדו לו בשעת דחקו, כשאמר לו המקום לך הוצא את עמי בני ישראל ממצרים, ועל שנתעצל במילה שעה אחת, בקש המלאך להרגו, שנ' ויהי בדרך במלון. ר' יוסי אומר, חס ושלום לאותו צדיק שנתעצל במילה שעה אחת, אלא אמר, ימול ויצא הרי סכנת נפשות, ישהה וימול, המקום אמר לו לך והוציא את עמי ישראל ממצרים; אלא על שנתרשל בלינה קודם המילה, לכך בקש המקום להרגו, שנ' ויהי בדרך במלון וגו'. ר' שמעון בן גמליאל אומר, לא בקש המלאך להרוג את משה אלא לתינוק, שנאמר כי חתן דמים אתה לי, אמרת צא וראה מי קרוי חתן, תינוק או משה, הוי אומר תינוק.
(3) (Exodus 18:3) "and her two sons … in a foreign land": R. Yehoshua says "foreign": as stated (i.e., literally). R. Elazar Hamoda'i says: in a land of foreign (gods, i.e., idolatry); Moses said: Since the whole world serves idolatry, I will serve Him who spoke and brought the (whole) world into being. But when Moses said to Yitro: 'Give me your daughter Tzipporah as a wife' Yitro answered: 'If you do what I ask of you, I will give her to you as a wife'. Moses: 'What do you ask?' Yitro: 'Your first son must serve idolatry. All others will be for (G-d) in heaven.' Moses accepted. Yitro: Swear. And he swore, as it is written (Exodus 2:21) "Vayoel Moses, etc.", this being an expression for swearing, as in (I Samuel 14:24) "Vayoel Saul the people" (in context: "And Saul beswore the people.") And it is written (II Kings 5:3) "Hoel (in context: "Swear") and take two talents, etc." Therefore, the angel came forward to kill Moses (viz. Exodus 4:24), whereupon (Ibid. 25) "Tzipporah took a flint and cut off the foreskin of her son … (26) "And he (the angel) let go of him." R. Elazar b. Azaryah says: Repulsive is the foreskin, by which the wicked are demeaned, viz. (Jeremiah 9:25) "for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel is uncircumcised of heart." R. Yishmael says: Great is circumcision over which thirteen covenants was made. R. Yossi Haglili says: Great is circumcision, which overrides the Sabbath, which is liable to kareth (cutting-off). R. Yehoshua b. Korcha says: Great is circumcision, laxity in which did not permit all of Moses' merits to protect him for even a short time. R. Nechemiah says: Great is circumcision, which overrides plague-spots (viz. Devarim 24:8). Rabbi [Yehudah Hanasi] says: Great is circumcision, all of Moses' merits not standing for him in his duress. When the L-rd told him "Take out My people, the children of Israel from the land of Egypt," because he was lax for a short time in (the) circumcision (of his son), the angel sought to kill him, viz. (Exodus 4:24) "and he was on the way in the lodging, etc." R. Yossi says: G-d forbid that that tzadik should be lax in circumcision for even a short while, but Moses thought: Circumcising him (his son) and journey (to Egypt) — that would involve a risk of life (for the child.) Shall he wait and circumcise — the L-rd has said to him: "Go and take My people Israel out of Egypt." But (his lapse was that) he preoccupied himself with his lodging before circumcising, wherefore the L-rd sought to kill him, viz.: "And he was on the way in the lodging, etc." R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: The angel did not seek to kill Moses, but the child, viz. (Ibid. 25) "for you are a groom of blood to me." Who is called a "groom" (in this context), the child or Moses? The child.