A Map of the Journey (pp. 3-4; pp.113-4)
You are walking through the world half asleep. It isn't just that you don't know how or why you got here. It's worse than that; these questions never even arise. It is as if you are in a dream...
A great horn sounds, calling you to remembrance, but all you can remember is how much you have forgotten. Every day for a month, you sit and try to remember who you are and where you are going. By the last week of this month, your need to know these things weighs upon you. Your prayers become urgent.
Then the great horn sounds in earnest one hundred times. The time of transformation is upon you. The world is once again cracking through the shell of its egg to be born... (pp.3-4)
...When the shofar blows one hundred times, it blows open the gates of heaven. When the shofar blows one hundred times, it forms a bridge between heaven and earth, and we enter heaven on that bridge. When the shofar blows one hundred times, it cracks the shell of our awareness wide open, and suddenly we find ourselves in heaven. When the shofar blows one hundred times, we hear the voice of heaven in it. We experience Revelation. God's voice comes down to earth on the same bridge we used...
...
Rosh HaShanah is Yom Harat ha'Olam - the Day the World Is Born; the day heaven gives birth to the earth.
Rosh HaShanah is Yom Ha'Zikaron - the Day of Remembrance; the day we remember that our roots are in heaven, the day heaven remembers us. (pp.113-4)
Rosh HaShanah as preparation for the central experience - Yom Kippur
(כג) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (כד) דַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ שַׁבָּת֔וֹן זִכְר֥וֹן תְּרוּעָ֖ה מִקְרָא־קֹֽדֶשׁ׃ (כה) כׇּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַה'׃ {ס} (כו) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר ה' אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (כז) אַ֡ךְ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹ֩דֶשׁ֩ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֨י הַזֶּ֜ה י֧וֹם הַכִּפֻּרִ֣ים ה֗וּא מִֽקְרָא־קֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַה'׃ (כח) וְכׇל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ בְּעֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י י֤וֹם כִּפֻּרִים֙ ה֔וּא לְכַפֵּ֣ר עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶֽם׃
(23) ה' spoke to Moses, saying: (24) Speak to the Israelite people thus: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe complete rest, a sacred occasion commemorated with loud blasts. (25) You shall not work at your occupations; and you shall bring an offering by fire to ה'. (26) ה spoke to Moses, saying: (27) Mark, the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall bring an offering by fire to ה'; (28) you shall do no work throughout that day. For it is a Day of Atonement, on which expiation is made on your behalf before your God ה'.
A Day for Remembering (pp.10-11)
While there is no mention of Rosh HaShanah in these calendars [of the holidays mentioned in the Torah], there is a special day mentioned ten days before Yom Kippur, on the first day of the seventh month, precisely the day that would later become Rosh HaShanah. In biblical times, however, this day was called Yom HaZikaron, the Day of Remembrance...
But who was to remember what? Was it a day when God was supposed to remember us? Were we supposed to remember God? Or was it a day when we were to begin to become mindful of our moral circumstances in preparation for the Day of Atonement that would soon be upon us?
Was the sound of the ram's horn (the shofar) a mystical nexus between heaven and earth or, as suggested by the Rambam (Maimonides, a medieval philosopher and legal authority and a towering figure in the world of Jewish thought), was it a wake-up call for us... crying out to us,
"Awake, awake, you sleepers from your sleep... return in repentance, remember your Creator... look to your souls"?
Rosh Hashanah as Preparatory for Yom Kippur (pp.11-12)
...What seems to have been most clearly true of this Day of Blowing of the Horn for Remembrance is that it was both connected with and preparatory for Yom HaKippurim, the Day of Atonement.
...In order for Yom Kippur to effect atonement for us, we have to find a way from unconsciousness to consciousness; we have to become aware of our spiritual condition… Moreover, we have to become aware of the precise nature of our blunders.
The Day of Remembrance, or the Day of the Blowing of the Horn for Remembrance (or the Day of Mindfulness, for the Hebrew root zakar, as in Yom HaZikaron, suggests both remembrance and mindfulness), was the day when we began to cultivate such an awareness. So it was that by talmudic times, Rosh Hashanah had become, above all, Yom HaDin, the Day of Judgment, the day when we begin to see ourselves through the eyes of a consciousness beyond us. But it was not a final judgment. This judgment always stood in relation to Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; [this initial judgment] could always be atoned for. "All are judged on Rosh Hashanah and the verdict is sealed on Yom Kippur," says the Tosefta, an early compendium of Talmudic teachings.
(מב) וּנְתַנֶּה תֹּקֶף קְדֻשַּׁת הַיּוֹם. כִּי הוּא נוֹרָא וְאָיוֹם. וּבוֹ תִנָּשֵׂא מַלְכוּתֶֽךָ. וְיִכּוֹן בְּחֶֽסֶד כִּסְאֶֽךָ. וְתֵשֵׁב עָלָיו בֶּאֱמֶת. אֱמֶת כִּי אַתָּה הוּא דַיָּן וּמוֹכִֽיחַ וְיוֹדֵֽעַ וָעֵד. וְכוֹתֵב וְחוֹתֵם וְסוֹפֵר וּמוֹנֶה. וְתִזְכֹּר כָּל הַנִּשְׁכָּחוֹת. וְתִפְתַּח אֶת סֵֽפֶר הַזִּכְרוֹנוֹת. וּמֵאֵלָיו יִקָּרֵא. וְחוֹתָם יַד כָּל אָדָם בּוֹ. וּבְשׁוֹפָר גָּדוֹל יִתָּקַע. וְקוֹל דְּמָמָה דַקָּה יִשָּׁמַע. וּמַלְאָכִים יֵחָפֵזוּן. וְחִיל וּרְעָדָה יֹאחֵזוּן. וְיֹאמְרוּ הִנֵּה יוֹם הַדִּין. לִפְקֹד עַל צְבָא מָרוֹם בַּדִּין. כִּי לֹא יִזְכּוּ בְעֵינֶֽיךָ בַדִּין. וְכָל בָּאֵי עוֹלָם יַעַבְרוּן לְפָנֶֽיךָ כִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן. כְּבַקָּרַת רוֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ. מַעֲבִיר צֹאנוֹ תַּֽחַת שִׁבְטוֹ. כֵּן תַּעֲבִיר וְתִסְפֹּר וְתִמְנֶה. וְתִפְקֹד נֶֽפֶשׁ כָּל חָי. וְתַחְתֹּךְ קִצְבָה לְכָל בְּרִיּוֹתֶֽיךָ. וְתִכְתֹּב אֶת גְּזַר דִּינָם:
(מג) בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה יִכָּתֵבוּן וּבְיוֹם צוֹם כִּפּוּר יֵחָתֵמוּן. כַּמָּה יַעַבְרוּן. וְכַמָּה יִבָּרֵאוּן. מִי יִחְיֶה. וּמִי יָמוּת. מִי בְקִצּוֹ. וּמִי לֹא בְקִצּוֹ. מִי בַמַּֽיִם. וּמִי בָאֵשׁ. מִי בַחֶֽרֶב. וּמִי בַחַיָּה. מִי בָרָעָב. וּמִי בַצָּמָא. מִי בָרַֽעַשׁ. וּמִי בַמַּגֵּפָה. מִי בַחֲנִיקָה וּמִי בַסְּקִילָה. מִי יָנוּחַ. וּמִי יָנֽוּעַ. מִי יִשָּׁקֵט. וּמִי יִטָּרֵף. מִי יִשָּׁלֵו. וּמִי יִתְיַסָּר. מִי יֵעָנִי. וּמִי יֵעָשֵׁר. מִי יִשָּׁפֵל. וּמִי יָרוּם:
(42) Let us describe the intensity of the holiness of this day, for it is awesome and frightening. On this day, Your Kingship is uplifted, and Your throne is established with kindness, and You sit upon it in truth. True that You are judge, admonisher, knower and witness; and You inscribe, seal, record and count, and recall all forgotten things. You open the book of records and it reads of itself; and the signature of every man is in it. A great shofar is sounded, and a silent, gentle voice is heard; and the angels are alarmed, pangs of fear and trembling seize them, and they declare, “behold the Day of Judgment.” The heavenly host is arraigned in judgment, for they are not guiltless in Your eyes in judgment. All mankind pass before You like young sheep. As a shepherd inspects his flock, making his sheep pass under his rod, so do You cause to pass, count, number, and review the soul of every living being, determining the life-span of every creature; and You record the decree of their judgment.
(43) On Rosh Hashana their decree is inscribed, and on Yom Kippur it is sealed, how many will pass away and how many will be created, who will live and who will die; who will come to his timely end, and who to an untimely end; who will perish by fire and who by water; who by the sword and who by beast; who by hunger and who by thirst; who by earthquake and who by the plague; who by strangling and who by stoning; who will be at rest and who will wander about; who will have serenity and who will be confused; who will be tranquil and who will be tormented; who will become poor and who will become wealthy; who will be brought to a low state and who will be uplifted.
Rosh HaShanah as Birth, Yom Kippur as Death
Life From the Void (p.116)
Life bursts into being out of nothing, out of the void the Torah had fallen into after the death of Moses...[when] the round of weekly Torah readings halts and remains suspended for several weeks until the long round of [fall Jewish] holidays is completed.
There is something of this feeling about Rosh HaShanah as well. Rosh HaShanah is, among other things, Yom Harat Ha'Olam - the Day the World Is Born. Rosh HaShanah is also the day that the world burst into being out of nothing, falls away, and then rises up again.
The Whole Life-Cycle in Brief (p.214)
The High Holidays are also a bridge, a compressed journey - k'fitzat ha'derech - the journey from birth to death in ten days' time. Rosh HaShanah is all about birth, and Yom Kippur is about death. Rosh HaShanah is Yom Harat ha'Olam, the Day the World Is Born, and Yom Kippur is the day we rehearse for our death by wearing a shroud and by abstaining from life-giving activities, like eating and sexuality.
Grace and Change
Rosh HaShanah: New Possibilities (p.125; p.123)
On Rosh HaShanah, the gates between heaven and earth are opened, and things that were beyond us suddenly become possible. The deepest questions of our hearts begin to find answers. Our deepest fear, the gaping emptiness up ahead of us and back behind us as well, suddenly becomes our ally. Heaven now begins to help us. (p.125)
Without this connection to heaven, we can't make Teshuvah. We can't forgive others or ourselves without it. We can't know ourselves. These things are simply too difficult to do. Our capacities, our vision, our powers, our tolerance for pain, are too limited; our capacity for self-deception and rationalization too persistent. (p.123)
Holiness (p.127)
The Days of Awe ... convey a quality of holiness we can all feel, even if we feel it only dimly. It is precisely this holiness that helps us forgive ourselves.
These days create a context of holiness, and if we pay close attention, we begin to notice that everything in our lives is suffused with holiness, even those 'faults' we thought we had to forgive ourselves for. Even that behavior we took to be wrongful, we now realize, has a holy spark at its center waiting to be released. This is the essence of self-forgiveness.
The Record
Seeing Ourselves (excerpts from Chapter 6)
We keep trying to pose for the snapshot of our life, but at Rosh HaShanah our deepest need is to see the tape. (p.140)
...
What would we read about ourselves if our children wrote a book about who we were? How does our family see us? What would the tape reveal when our guard was down? (p.145)
...
We are sentimental about the heart, but the truth is, most of us spend a good deal of time and energy avoiding the heart at all costs. Really, we are afraid of what we might find there... The heart holds our suffering... [and] we are inclined not to look at it. We live in a culture that conditions us to avoid suffering, and the consequence is that we live at some distance from our heart. We are not in the habit of looking at it, but of distracting ourselves from its content. As we begin the process of Teshuvah, we need to make a conscious effort to overcome the momentum of this denial and avoidance. That pain, that afflictive energy that rests on the surface of our hearts and just below it as well, will be the catalyst for our transformation.
(pp.158-9)
...
We are terrified of the truth. But this is a needless terror.
What is there is already so. It's on the tape. Owning up to it doesn't make it worse. Not being open about it doesn't make it go away. And we know we can stand the truth. It is already here and we are already enduring it.
And the tape is rolling. The hand is writing. Someone is watching us endure it, waiting to heal us the moment we awake and watch along... Watching with unbearable compassion. (p.150)
Forgiveness and Self-Forgiveness
Self-forgiveness is the essential act of the High Holiday season. That's why we need heaven. That's why we need God. We can forgive others on our own. But we turn to God, Rabbi Eli Spitz reminds us, because we cannot forgive ourselves. We need to feel judged and accepted by a Power who transcends our limited years and who embodies our highest values. When we wish to wipe the slate clean, to finalize self-forgiveness, we need heaven - a sense of something or someone larger and beyond our self.
Though self-forgiveness may end with God, it begins with us. Self-forgiveness is difficult largely because we hold ourselves to such high standards, higher than it is possible to live up to. And it is precisely when we are hardest on ourselves that we are most tempted to bury our misdeeds - to hide from our reality, to deny weakness, to deny that we've done anything wrong. (pp.126-7)
...
To forgive ourselves, we must be willing to give up our ideas about how we might be better.
We need to give up one of our most cherished beliefs - that there is something wrong with us, that we are bad, inadequate, somehow defective and lacking in goodness. Disciplining ourselves, rejecting ourselves, beating ourselves, leads us farther away from this goodness, not closer to it. (p.130)
Rebbe Nachman (p.128)
Inner healing requires self-acceptance. Rebbe Nachman of Bratslav offered the following strategy: When all we see and feel is negativity, we must search within ourselves for an aspect of goodness, what he called a white dot within the black, and then find another and another until these dots form musical notes. Our task, he said, is to find enough white notes to form a melody - a melody that will define our core and affirm our fundamental goodness.
Change
Choice (p.160)
We are responsible for the state of our own consciousness.
The great drama of this season is the drama of choice. The power of choice is immense. We can choose to let go of anger, boredom, fear, guilt, impatience, grief, disappointment, dejection, anxiety, and despair, and we can make this choice moment by moment, and we can make this choice in a broader way as well. We can let go of each constituent feeling as we become aware of it, and we can form a clear and conscious intention to let these feelings go.
Changing Circumstances (pp.164-5)
What can we do when we find ourselves spiritually dead while still breathing? How can we transform this curse into its corresponding blessing?
Our first inclination is often to change the external circumstances of our life - to change our physical environment. Don't just stand there, we tell ourselves. Do something. Do anything. This is actually a solution Jewish tradition sometimes suggests as well. "Change your place, change your luck," the Talmud tells us. Perhaps if we make a major life change, if we actually move to another city or another state, our luck will change as well.
The conventional wisdom these days is that you can change your situation but your problems will continue to pursue you. And while this is often true, sometimes the situation is the problem, Sometimes we just have the wrong job [or] stuck in a bad relationship...
Most of the time, however, the conventional wisdom is correct...
As the writer and meditation teacher Jon Kabat-Zinn reminds us, wherever we go, there we are.
וְאָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: אַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים מְקָרְעִין גְּזַר דִּינוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם, אֵלּוּ הֵן: צְדָקָה, צְעָקָה, שִׁינּוּי הַשֵּׁם, וְשִׁינּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה.
צְדָקָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״וּצְדָקָה תַּצִּיל מִמָּוֶת״.
צְעָקָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּצְעֲקוּ אֶל ה׳ בַּצַּר לָהֶם וּמִמְּצוּקוֹתֵיהֶם יוֹצִיאֵם״.
שִׁינּוּי הַשֵּׁם, דִּכְתִיב: ״שָׂרַי אִשְׁתְּךָ לֹא תִקְרָא אֶת שְׁמָהּ שָׂרָי כִּי שָׂרָה שְׁמָהּ״, וּכְתִיב: ״וּבֵרַכְתִּי אוֹתָהּ וְגַם נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנָּה לְךָ בֵּן״.
שִׁינּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיַּרְא הָאֱלֹקִים אֶת מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּנָּחֶם הָאֱלֹקִים עַל הָרָעָה אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לַעֲשׂוֹת לָהֶם וְלֹא עָשָׂה״.
וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: אַף שִׁינּוּי מָקוֹם, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֶל אַבְרָם לֶךְ לְךָ מֵאַרְצְךָ״, וַהֲדַר: ״וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל״.
אַהֲרֹן מוּזְהָרִין, בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵין מוּזְהָרִין.
...
And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: A person’s sentence is torn up on account of four types of actions. These are: Giving charity, crying out in prayer, a change of one’s name, and a change of one’s deeds for the better.
An allusion may be found in Scripture for all of them:
Giving charity, as it is written: “And charity delivers from death” (Proverbs 10:2);
crying out in prayer, as it is written: “Then they cry to the Lord in their trouble, and He brings them out of their distresses” (Psalms 107:28);
a change of one’s name, as it is written: “As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall her name be” (Genesis 17:15), and it is written there: “And I will bless her, and I will also give you a son from her” (Genesis 17:16);
a change of one’s deeds for the better, as it is written: “And God saw their deeds” (Jonah 3:10), and it is written there: “And God repented of the evil, which He had said He would do to them, and He did not do it” (Jonah 3:10).
And some say: Also, a change of one’s place of residence cancels an evil judgment, as it is written: “And the Lord said to Abram: Go you out of your county” (Genesis 12:1), and afterward it is written: “And I will make of you a great nation” (Genesis 12: 2). ...
Changing Habits (pp. 165-6)
Sometimes... a simple change in routine might really suffice to set off the kind of inner change the problem demands... Moshe Cordovero, the great medieval Kabalist, recommends a kind of intentional maladjustment as a strategy for returning to God. "It is a good idea to make some sort of alteration in your food and drink and in your clothing," he writes. "For example, one week do not eat fruit; another week, do not eat meat or drink wine, or do not eat hot food."
Clear Out the Old (p.173)
When we feel dead inside, it is often because there are old ideas we no longer believe in or haven't challenged in far too long, old feelings we really don't feel anymore but cling to desperately, afraid of what might happen if we admit we don't feel them. Without realizing it, these things have suffocated us, crowding the life out of our soul. Sometimes they can be reinvigorated, refreshed or reimagined. But sometimes they must be removed. We must simply let go of them...
Shunryu Suzuki writes:
"If your mind is empty, it is always ready for anything; it is open to everything. In the beginner's mind there are many possibilities; in the expert's mind there are few..."
Releasing Old Hurts (p.235)
Anger can never produce love. Only love can produce love. Only compassion can free us from the prison of our own anger: the compassion we feel for others, and the compassion we feel from them, and the compassion we feel for ourselves...
Letting go of our anger and the leverage we imagine it gives us against others is one of the hardest things a human being can do.
Intention
Persistence / Beginning Again (pp. 173-5)
Rebbe Nachman's chronicler and close disciple Natan tells the following story [about Rebbe Nachman]:
"... He fell a thousand times, but each time he picked himself up and served God anew.
The most difficult thing was to begin serving God and accept the yoke of true devotion. Each time he would begin, he would find himself failing...
Whenever he fell from his particular level, he did not give up. He would simply say, "I will begin anew. I will act as if I am just beginning to devote myself to God and this is the very first time."
This happened time and again, and each time, he would start all over again. He would often begin anew many times in a single day."
An Inner Turning (p.167-9)
"You should turn your mind toward God before you pray, before you study Torah and before you eat," says Rabbi Moshe Teitlebaum. Turn your mind toward God; this sounds like a simple, even a self-evident proposition, but it is an essential first step in the process of spiritual renewal.
The first thing we should do when we feel we have lost all our passion is to try to find it. This involves a kind of inner turning, an expression of will, an expression of faith, the belief that like God, this passion exists even though we neither feel it nor see it at the moment.
...In my own religious life... there are long dry spells... and I begin to doubt myself and wonder if [the strong and immediate sense of the presence of God] ever happened, or if I simply imagined it. What usually brings me out of such a dry spell is a simple inner turn. I simply turn towards that inner place, that radiant nexus of mind, heart and soul, where I used to feel the presence of God, and lo and behold, God is still there waiting for me. Renewal often begins when we turn toward this place even when it seems utterly distant.
[As Herman Hesse writes at the culmination of Siddhartha:]
"Everything needs only my agreement, my assent, my loving understanding, my turning toward."
Create a pure heart in me, Great Spirit;
and renew a true soul within me.
ראש השנה ט׳׳ז ב – י׳׳ז א
אָמַר רַבִּי כְּרוּסְפָּדַאי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שְׁלֹשָׁה סְפָרִים נִפְתָּחִין בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, אֶחָד שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים גְּמוּרִין, וְאֶחָד שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים גְּמוּרִין, וְאֶחָד שֶׁל בֵּינוֹנִיִּים. צַדִּיקִים גְּמוּרִין — נִכְתָּבִין וְנֶחְתָּמִין לְאַלְתַּר לְחַיִּים, רְשָׁעִים גְּמוּרִין — נִכְתָּבִין וְנֶחְתָּמִין לְאַלְתַּר לְמִיתָה, בֵּינוֹנִיִּים — תְּלוּיִין וְעוֹמְדִין מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְעַד יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, זָכוּ — נִכְתָּבִין לְחַיִּים, לֹא זָכוּ — נִכְתָּבִין לְמִיתָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין, מַאי קְרָא: ״יִמָּחוּ מִסֵּפֶר חַיִּים וְעִם צַדִּיקִים אַל יִכָּתֵבוּ״. ״יִמָּחוּ מִסֵּפֶר״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים גְּמוּרִין, ״חַיִּים״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים, ״וְעִם צַדִּיקִים אַל יִכָּתֵבוּ״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל בֵּינוֹנִיִּים. רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר, מֵהָכָא: ״וְאִם אַיִן מְחֵנִי נָא מִסִּפְרְךָ אֲשֶׁר כָּתָבְתָּ״, ״מְחֵנִי נָא״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים, ״מִסִּפְרְךָ״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים, ״אֲשֶׁר כָּתָבְתָּ״ — זֶה סִפְרָן שֶׁל בֵּינוֹנִיִּים.
תַּנְיָא, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: שָׁלֹשׁ כִּתּוֹת הֵן לְיוֹם הַדִּין: אַחַת שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים גְּמוּרִין, וְאַחַת שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים גְּמוּרִין, וְאַחַת שֶׁל בֵּינוֹנִיִּים. צַדִּיקִים גְּמוּרִין — נִכְתָּבִין וְנֶחְתָּמִין לְאַלְתַּר לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם, רְשָׁעִים גְּמוּרִין — נִכְתָּבִין וְנֶחְתָּמִין לְאַלְתַּר לְגֵיהִנָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְרַבִּים מִיְּשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת עָפָר יָקִיצוּ אֵלֶּה לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם וְאֵלֶּה לַחֲרָפוֹת לְדִרְאוֹן עוֹלָם״, בֵּינוֹנִיִּים — יוֹרְדִין לְגֵיהִנָּם,
י׳׳ז א
וּמְצַפְצְפִין וְעוֹלִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶת הַשְּׁלִישִׁית בָּאֵשׁ וּצְרַפְתִּים כִּצְרוֹף אֶת הַכֶּסֶף וּבְחַנְתִּים כִּבְחוֹן אֶת הַזָּהָב הוּא יִקְרָא בִשְׁמִי וַאֲנִי אֶעֱנֶה אוֹתוֹ״, וַעֲלֵיהֶם אָמְרָה חַנָּה: ״ה׳ מֵמִית וּמְחַיֶּה מוֹרִיד שְׁאוֹל וַיָּעַל״. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: ״וְרַב חֶסֶד״ — מַטֶּה כְּלַפֵּי חֶסֶד. וַעֲלֵיהֶם אָמַר דָּוִד: ״אָהַבְתִּי כִּי יִשְׁמַע ה׳ אֶת קוֹלִי״, וַעֲלֵיהֶם אָמַר דָּוִד כׇּל הַפָּרָשָׁה כּוּלָּהּ — ״דַּלּוֹתִי וְלִי יְהוֹשִׁיעַ״.
Talmud Bavli, Rosh Hashanah 16b-17a
The Gemara goes back to discuss the Day of Judgment. Rabbi Kruspedai said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said:
Three books are opened on Rosh HaShana before the Holy One, Blessed be He:
One of wholly wicked people, and one of wholly righteous people, and one of middling people whose good and bad deeds are equally balanced.
Wholly righteous people are immediately written and sealed for life; wholly wicked people are immediately written and sealed for death; and middling people are left with their judgment suspended from Rosh HaShana until Yom Kippur, their fate remaining undecided.
If they merit, through the good deeds and mitzvot that they perform during this period, they are written for life; if they do not so merit, they are written for death.
Rabbi Avin said: What is the verse that alludes to this? “Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, but not be written with the righteous” (Psalms 69:29). “Let them be blotted out of the book”; this is the book of wholly wicked people, who are blotted out from the world. “Of the living”; this is the book of wholly righteous people. “But not be written with the righteous”; this is the book of middling people, who are written in a separate book, not with the righteous. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: This matter is derived from here: “And if not, blot me, I pray You, out of Your book which you have written” (Exodus 32:32). “Blot me, I pray You”; this is the book of wholly wicked people, who are blotted out from the world. “Out of Your book”; this is the book of wholly righteous people, which is special and attributed to God Himself. “Which You have written”; this is the book of middling people.
It is taught in a baraita: Beit Shammai say: There will be three groups of people on the great Day of Judgment at the end of days: One of wholly righteous people, one of wholly wicked people, and one of middling people. Wholly righteous people will immediately be written and sealed for eternal life. Wholly wicked people will immediately be written and sealed for Gehenna, as it is stated: “And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall wake, some to eternal life and some to shame and everlasting contempt” (Daniel 12:2). Middling people will descend to Gehenna to be cleansed and to achieve atonement for their sins,
[17a]
and they will cry out in their pain and eventually ascend from there, as it is stated: “And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried; they shall call on My name, and I will answer them” (Zechariah 13:9). This is referring to the members of the third group, who require refinement and cleansing. And about them, Hannah said: “The Lord kills, and gives life; he brings down to the grave, and brings up” (I Samuel 2:6). Beit Hillel say: He Who is “and abundant in kindness” (Exodus 34:6) tilts the scales in favor of kindness, so that middling people should not have to pass through Gehenna. And about them, David said: “I love the Lord, Who hears my voice and my supplications” (Psalms 116:1). And about them, David said the entire passage: “I was brought low [daloti] and He saved me” (Psalms 116:6). Although they are poor [dalim] in mitzvot, God saves them.
Additional Supports for Teshuvah
Reviewing the Year
-
Divide the past year into fall, winter, spring, summer. What were the highlights, achievements and themes of each quarter?
-
What unfinished business remains from this past year?
-
'Four Worlds' check-in: what is going well, and where is there room for improvement in each of the following realms?
-
Physical health, fitness and wellbeing
-
Emotional wellbeing, intimacy, connection with others
-
Intellectual stimulation and growth
-
Spiritual connection and spiritual practice
-
Practices suggested by Melinda Ribner, Kabbalah Month by Month
Some Jewish Meditation Resources
Or haLev
https://www.orhalev.net/
Retreats online and in person - Classes and practice groups - Podcast, articles and more.
Institute for Jewish Spirituality, IJS
https://www.jewishspirituality.org/
Including Awaken, a 4 week online intro to Jewish mindfulness program, starts September 4 2022.
Also podcast, weekly Torah study, yoga and more.
Awakened Heart Project
https://awakenedheartproject.org/
Retreats online and in person.
Podcasts, practice instructions, videos of talks and more.
Vidui: Creating a Spiritual Action Plan - Rabbi David Jaffe
The word vidui comes from the Hebrew word for “acknowledge.” To make a personal vidui is to acknowledge clearly the reality of your life.
The first step is to take a good look at your life in the past year, and acknowledge one or two things that went very well, and one or two things you need to change.
Then create a concrete, visual image in your mind of a goal for how things would look in each case if you could, indeed, change what needed to change.
For something that went well, imagine what your life would look like if you could employ that strength on a more regular basis; for something that needs to change, imagine what it would look like if you made that change.
1. Do this visualization for each item.
2. Write a few words that capture the changed, new reality.
3. Then identify one or two soul traits that go along with each item.
For example, if you acknowledge that you speak disrespectfully to your adolescent children and your goal is to speak with them like you would speak with an adult, the soul trait might be patience (savlanut) or respect (kavod).
4. Then think of one concrete action you could take on a regular basis to strengthen your patience or respect.
Continue this with all the items you acknowledged.
You now have a personal vidui and a spiritual action plan for the year!
I write all this down on an index card and bring it with me to Yom Kippur prayers. After reciting the set vidui in the prayer book, I take out my index card and say my own, personal vidui.
I pray to God for forgiveness where I missed the mark, and for help in growing the middot, soul qualities, I need in order to make my vision a reality in the next year.
After saying this vidui five times on Yom Kippur, I revisit it every Rosh Chodesh (new moon), noticing progress and renewing my commitment to keep growing.
This passage comes from the companion to the High Holidays published by Hebrew College in 2017.