Shemini - Elisheva & Shoa

(א) וַיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י קָרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו וּלְזִקְנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

(1) On the eighth day Moses called Aaron and his sons, and the elders of Israel.

(א) ויהי ביום השמיני. לַמִּלּוּאִים; הוּא רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן שֶׁהוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן בּוֹ בַיּוֹם וְנָטַל עֶשֶׂר עֲטָרוֹת הַשְּׁנוּיוֹת בְּסֵדֶר עוֹלָם:

Rashi on Leviticus 9:1:1

(1) ויהי ביום השמיני AND IT CAME TO PASS ON THE EIGHTH DAY of the installation of the priests into their sacred office (cf. Sifra); this was the New Moon of Nisan on which the Tabernacle was finally erected (cf. Rashi on Exodus 40:29) and it (that day) received ten crowns (it was distinguished in ten different ways) which are enumerated in Seder Olam 7 (Sifra, Shemini, Mechilta d'Miluim 2 1; Shabbat 87b).

שבת פ״ז ב:ו׳

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב חֲבִיבִי מָחוֹזְנָאָה לְרַב אָשֵׁי, תָּא שְׁמַע: ״וַיְהִי בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן״ — תָּנָא, אוֹתוֹ יוֹם נָטַל עֶשֶׂר עֲטָרוֹת: רִאשׁוֹן לְמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית; רִאשׁוֹן לַנְּשִׂיאִים; רִאשׁוֹן לַכְּהוּנָּה; רִאשׁוֹן לָעֲבוֹדָה; רִאשׁוֹן לִירִידַת הָאֵשׁ; רִאשׁוֹן לַאֲכִילַת קָדָשִׁים; רִאשׁוֹן לִשְׁכּוֹן שְׁכִינָה; רִאשׁוֹן לְבָרֵךְ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל; רִאשׁוֹן לְאִיסּוּר הַבָּמוֹת; רִאשׁוֹן לֶחֳדָשִׁים. וּמִדְּרֵישׁ יַרְחָא דְנִיסָן דְּהָא שַׁתָּא חַד בְּשַׁבָּא — דְּאֶשְׁתָּקַד בְּאַרְבְּעָה.

Shabbat 87b:6

Rav Ḥavivi from Ḥozena’a said to Rav Ashi: Come and hear a different proof from the following verse: “And it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was erected” (Exodus 40:17). It was taught: That day took ten crowns. It was the first day of Creation, meaning Sunday, the first day of the offerings brought by the princes, the first day of the priesthood, the first day of service in the Temple, the first time for the descent of fire onto the altar, the first time that consecrated foods were eaten, the first day of the resting of the Divine Presence upon the Jewish people, the first day that the Jewish people were blessed by the priests, and the first day of the prohibition to bring offerings on improvised altars. Once the Tabernacle was erected, it was prohibited to offer sacrifices elsewhere. And it was the first of the months. And from the fact that the New Moon of Nisan of that year was on the first day of the week, in the previous year, it was on the fourth day of the week.

זבחים ק״ב א:ד׳

מיתיבי חמש שמחות היתה אלישבע יתירה על בנות ישראל יבמה מלך אישה כהן גדול בנה סגן בן בנה משוח מלחמה ואחיה נשיא שבט ואבילה על שני בניה

Zevachim 102a:4

The Gemara raises an objection to Rav’s statement from a baraita: Elisheva, the daughter of Amminadav and the wife of Aaron, had five more reasons for joy than the other daughters of Israel on the day the Tabernacle was dedicated: Her brother-in-law, Moses, was a king; her husband, Aaron, was the High Priest; her son, Elazar, was the deputy High Priest; her son’s son, Pinehas, was the priest anointed for war, who would lead the army out to battle; and her brother, Nahshon, son of Amminadav, was the prince of the tribe of Judah, who brought his offering on that day, as the first of all the princes. But on that same day of joy she was in mourning for her two sons, Nadav and Avihu, who died on that day.

קוהלת רבה ב׳:ב׳:ב׳

(ב) דָּבָר אַחֵר, לִשְׂחוֹק אָמַרְתִּי מְהוֹלָל, מַה מְּעֻרְבָּב הַשְֹּׂחוֹק שֶׁשָֹּׂחֲקָה מִדַּת הַדִּין עַל אֱלִישֶׁבַע בַּת עַמִּינָדָב, אֱלִישֶׁבַע בַּת עַמִּינָדָב רָאֲתָה אַרְבַּע שְׂמָחוֹת בְּיוֹם אֶחָד, משֶׁה יְבָמָהּ, מֶלֶךְ. נַחְשׁוֹן אָחִיהָ, נָשִׂיא רֹאשׁ כָּל הַנְּשִׂיאִים. אַהֲרֹן בַּעֲלָהּ, כֹּהֵן מְלֻבָּשׁ אַבְנֵי אֵפוֹד. שְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ, סְגָנֵי כְּהֻנָּה. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְהַקְטִיר שֶׁלֹא בִרְשׁוּת נִשְׂרְפוּ וְנֶהֶפְכָה שִֹּׂמְחָתָהּ לְאֵבֶל, הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר וּלְשִׂמְחָה מַה זֹּה עוֹשָׂה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז, א): אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן וגו'.

Kohelet Rabbah 2:2:2

(2) Another matter: “Of laughter, I said it is confounded” – how confounded is the laughter that the attribute of justice laughed at Elisheva bat Aminadav. Elisheva bat Aminadav experienced four celebrations on one day: Moses, her brother-in-law, was king; Naḥshon, her brother, was the prince who was head of all the princes; Aaron, her husband, was the [High] Priest wearing the ephod stones; and her two sons were deputy High Priests. But when they entered [the Tabernacle] to burn incense without permission, they were burned and her celebration was transformed to mourning. That is, “and of joy, what does it accomplish,” as it is stated: “After the death of the two sons of Aaron…” (Leviticus 16:1).