דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי שִׂמְלַאי: לְעוֹלָם יְסַדֵּר אָדָם שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִתְפַּלֵּל.
מְנָלַן? — מִמֹּשֶׁה, דִּכְתִיב:
״וָאֶתְחַנַּן אֶל ה׳ בָּעֵת הַהִיא״. וּכְתִיב: ״ה׳ אֱלֹהִים אַתָּה הַחִלֹּתָ לְהַרְאוֹת אֶת עַבְדְּךָ אֶת גׇּדְלְךָ וְאֶת יָדְךָ הַחֲזָקָה אֲשֶׁר מִי אֵל בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה כְמַעֲשֶׂיךָ וְכִגְבוּרוֹתֶיךָ״.
וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ ״אֶעְבְּרָה נָּא וְאֶרְאֶה אֶת הָאָרֶץ הַטּוֹבָה וְגוֹ׳״.
Rabbi Simlai (3rd century, CE)
taught: One should always set forth praise of the Holy One, Blessed be He, and then pray for his own needs. From where do we derive that one should conduct himself in this manner? From Moses, as it is written in his prayer: “And I beseeched the Lord at that time” (Deuteronomy 3:23). And immediately afterward in his prayer, it is written: “Lord, God, You have begun to show Your servant Your greatness and Your strong hand, for what God is there in the heavens or on earth who can perform deeds such as Yours and Your might” (Deuteronomy 3:24)? Here, Moses began with praise of God, and it is only thereafter that it is written: “Please, let me pass over and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that good hill country and the Lebanon” (Deuteronomy 3:25). Only after his praise did Moses make his personal request. The Gemara prefaces the next discourse with a mnemonic symbol: Deeds, charity, offering, priest, fast, shoe, iron.
חֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ שׁוֹהִין שָׁעָה אַחַת: מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, אָמַר קְרָא: ״אַשְׁרֵי יוֹשְׁבֵי בֵיתֶךָ״. וְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל צָרִיךְ לִשְׁהוֹת שָׁעָה אַחַת אַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אַךְ צַדִּיקִים יוֹדוּ לִשְׁמֶךָ יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶת פָּנֶיךָ״.
תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּשְׁהֶא שָׁעָה אַחַת קוֹדֶם תְּפִלָּתוֹ, וְשָׁעָה אַחַת אַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ. קוֹדֶם תְּפִלָּתוֹ, מִנַּיִן? שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אַשְׁרֵי יוֹשְׁבֵי בֵיתֶךָ״. לְאַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ מִנַּיִן? — דִּכְתִיב: ״אַךְ צַדִּיקִים יוֹדוּ לִשְׁמֶךָ יֵשְׁבוּ יְשָׁרִים אֶת פָּנֶיךָ״.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: חֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הָיוּ שׁוֹהִין שָׁעָה אַחַת, וּמִתְפַּלְּלִין שָׁעָה אַחַת, וְחוֹזְרִין וְשׁוֹהִין שָׁעָה אַחַת. וְכִי מֵאַחַר שֶׁשּׁוֹהִין תֵּשַׁע שָׁעוֹת בַּיּוֹם בִּתְפִלָּה, תּוֹרָתָן הֵיאַךְ מִשְׁתַּמֶּרֶת, וּמְלַאכְתָּם הֵיאַךְ נַעֲשֵׂית? אֶלָּא מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁחֲסִידִים הֵם — תּוֹרָתָם מִשְׁתַּמֶּרֶת, וּמְלַאכְתָּן מִתְבָּרֶכֶת.
We learned in the mishna that the early generations of pious men would wait one hour in order to achieve the solemn frame of mind appropriate for prayer. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: This is alluded to when the verse states: “Happy are those who dwell in Your House” (Psalms 84:5), immediately after which it is said: “They will yet praise You, Selah.” And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: One who prays must also wait one hour after his prayer, as it is stated: “Surely the righteous will give thanks unto Your name, the upright will sit before You” (Psalms 140:14), meaning that after thanking God through prayer, one should stay and sit before Him. That opinion was also taught in a baraita: One who prays must wait one hour before his prayer and one hour after his prayer. From where is it derived that one must wait one hour before his prayer? As it is stated: “Happy are those who dwell in Your House.” And from where is it derived that one must stay one hour after his prayer? As it is written: “Surely the righteous will give thanks unto Your name, the upright will sit before You.” The Sages taught in a baraita with regard to waiting before and after prayer: The early generations of pious men would wait one hour, pray one hour, then wait one hour again. This raises the question: Since the early pious men would spend nine hours per day engaged either in prayer or the requisite waiting periods before and after prayer, three hours each for the morning, afternoon, and evening prayers, how is their Torah preserved? There was little time remaining to review their studies. And how was their work accomplished? The Gemara answers: Rather, because they were pious they merited that their Torah is preserved and their work is blessed.
FROM WHERE [IS IT DERIVED THAT ONE MUST WAIT ONE HOUR] BEFORE HIS PRAYER? AS IT IS STATED: “HAPPY ARE THOSE WHO DWELL IN YOUR HOUSE.” How do we know that one should spend some time preparing himself mentally for prayer before he prays, because it is written “Praiseworthy are the ones who sit in Your house, they will also praise you, seloh”. First they sit and only after spending some time in preparation for prayer do they sing your praises. And for this reason they instituted to say this verse before תהלה לדוד (T’hilim 145). This comes to reject the custom of those who say many verses of אשרי prior to Psalm 145.
(יב) וְשִׁבְּחוּ חֲכָמִים לְמִי שֶׁקּוֹרֵא זְמִירוֹת מִסֵּפֶר תְּהִלִּים בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם מִ(תהילים קמה א) ״תְּהִלָּה לְדָוִד״ עַד סוֹף הַסֵּפֶר.
וּכְבָר נָהֲגוּ לִקְרוֹת פְּסוּקִים לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם. וְתִקְּנוּ בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵי הַזְּמִירוֹת וְהִיא בָּרוּךְ שֶׁאָמַר, וּבְרָכָה לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם וְהִיא יִשְׁתַּבַּח. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרֵךְ עַל קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע וְקוֹרֵא קְרִיאַת שְׁמַע:
(12) The Sages praised those who recite songs from the Book of Psalms every day; from "A song of praise by David... (Tehillah l'David)" (Psalms 145) until the end of the Book [of Psalms]. It has become customary to read verses before and after them.
They instituted a blessing before the [recitation of the] songs, Baruch She'amar..., and a blessing after [concluding] them, Yishtabach. Afterwards, one recites the blessings for Kri'at Shema and recites the Shema.
(יג) יֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ בָּהֶן לִקְרוֹת בְּכָל יוֹם אַחַר שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין יִשְׁתַּבַּח (שמות טו א יט) ״שִׁירַת הַיָּם״ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מְבָרְכִין עַל שְׁמַע. וְיֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁקּוֹרִין (דברים לב א מג) ״שִׁירַת הַאֲזִינוּ״. וְיֵשׁ יְחִידִים שֶׁקּוֹרִין שְׁתֵּי הַשִּׁירוֹת הַכּל לְפִי הַמִּנְהָג:
(13) There are places where they are accustomed to recite the Song of the Sea (Exodus 14:30-15:26) each day after they recite Yishtabach. Afterwards, they recite the blessings for theShema.
There are places where they recite the song, Ha'azinu (Deuteronomy 32:1-43), and there are individuals who recite both of them. Everything is dependent on custom.
אַשְׁרֵי יוֹשְׁ֒בֵי בֵיתֶֽךָ עוֹד יְהַלְלֽוּךָ סֶּֽלָה:
אַשְׁרֵי הָעָם שֶׁכָּֽכָה לּוֹ אַשְׁרֵי הָעָם שֶׁיְהֹוָה אֱלֹהָיו:
(א) תְּהִלָּ֗ה לְדָ֫וִ֥ד
אֲרוֹמִמְךָ֣ אֱלוֹהַ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַאֲבָרְכָ֥ה שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃
(ב) בְּכׇל־י֥וֹם אֲבָֽרְכֶ֑ךָּ וַאֲהַֽלְלָ֥ה שִׁ֝מְךָ֗ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃
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(ג) גָּ֘ד֤וֹל יְהֹוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד וְ֝לִגְדֻלָּת֗וֹ אֵ֣ין חֵֽקֶר׃
(ד) דּ֣וֹר לְ֭דוֹר יְשַׁבַּ֣ח מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וּגְב֖וּרֹתֶ֣יךָ יַגִּֽידוּ׃
(ה) הֲ֭דַר כְּב֣וֹד הוֹדֶ֑ךָ וְדִבְרֵ֖י נִפְלְאֹתֶ֣יךָ אָשִֽׂיחָה׃
(ו) וֶעֱז֣וּז נֽוֹרְאֹתֶ֣יךָ יֹאמֵ֑רוּ (וגדלותיך) [וּגְדֻלָּתְךָ֥] אֲסַפְּרֶֽנָּה׃
(ז) זֵ֣כֶר רַב־טוּבְךָ֣ יַבִּ֑יעוּ וְצִדְקָתְךָ֥ יְרַנֵּֽנוּ׃
(ח) חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֣וּם יְהֹוָ֑ה אֶ֥רֶךְ אַ֝פַּ֗יִם וּגְדׇל־חָֽסֶד׃
(ט) טוֹב־יְהֹוָ֥ה לַכֹּ֑ל וְ֝רַחֲמָ֗יו עַל־כׇּל־מַעֲשָֽׂיו׃ (י) יוֹד֣וּךָ יְ֭הֹוָה כׇּל־מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וַ֝חֲסִידֶ֗יךָ יְבָרְכֽוּכָה׃
(יא) כְּב֣וֹד מַלְכוּתְךָ֣ יֹאמֵ֑רוּ וּגְבוּרָתְךָ֥ יְדַבֵּֽרוּ׃ (יב) לְהוֹדִ֤יעַ ׀ לִבְנֵ֣י הָ֭אָדָם גְּבוּרֹתָ֑יו וּ֝כְב֗וֹד הֲדַ֣ר מַלְכוּתֽוֹ׃
(יג) מַֽלְכוּתְךָ֗ מַלְכ֥וּת כׇּל־עֹלָמִ֑ים וּ֝מֶֽמְשַׁלְתְּךָ֗ בְּכׇל־דּ֥וֹר וָדֹֽר׃
(יד) סוֹמֵ֣ךְ יְ֭הֹוָה לְכׇל־הַנֹּפְלִ֑ים וְ֝זוֹקֵ֗ף לְכׇל־הַכְּפוּפִֽים׃
(טו) עֵֽינֵי־כֹ֭ל אֵלֶ֣יךָ יְשַׂבֵּ֑רוּ וְאַתָּ֤ה נֽוֹתֵן־לָהֶ֖ם אֶת־אׇכְלָ֣ם בְּעִתּֽוֹ׃
(טז) פּוֹתֵ֥חַ אֶת־יָדֶ֑ךָ וּמַשְׂבִּ֖יעַ לְכׇל־חַ֣י רָצֽוֹן׃ (יז) צַדִּ֣יק יְ֭הֹוָה בְּכׇל־דְּרָכָ֑יו וְ֝חָסִ֗יד בְּכׇל־מַעֲשָֽׂיו׃
(יח) קָר֣וֹב יְ֭הֹוָה לְכׇל־קֹרְאָ֑יו לְכֹ֤ל אֲשֶׁ֖ר יִקְרָאֻ֣הוּ בֶֽאֱמֶֽת׃
(יט) רְצוֹן־יְרֵאָ֥יו יַעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְֽאֶת־שַׁוְעָתָ֥ם יִ֝שְׁמַ֗ע וְיוֹשִׁיעֵֽם׃
(כ) שׁוֹמֵ֣ר יְ֭הֹוָה אֶת־כׇּל־אֹהֲבָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת כׇּל־הָרְשָׁעִ֣ים יַשְׁמִֽיד׃
(כא) תְּהִלַּ֥ת יְהֹוָ֗ה יְֽדַבֶּ֫ר־פִּ֥י וִיבָרֵ֣ךְ כׇּל־בָּ֭שָׂר שֵׁ֥ם קׇדְשׁ֗וֹ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ {פ}
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וַאֲנַֽחְנוּ נְבָרֵךְ יָהּ מֵעַתָּה וְעַד־עוֹלָם הַלְ֒לוּיָהּ:
Psalm 84:5 =
Psalm 144:15 (the last verse of 144) =
(1) A song of praise. Of David.
I will extol You, my God and king,
and bless Your name forever and ever.
(2) Every day will I bless You
and praise Your name forever and ever.
(3) Great is the LORD and much acclaimed;
His greatness cannot be fathomed.
(4) One generation shall laud Your works to another
and declare Your mighty acts.
(5) The glorious majesty of Your splendor
and Your wondrous acts-a will I recite.
(6) Men shall talk of the might of Your awesome deeds,
and I will recount Your greatness.
(7) They shall celebrate Your abundant goodness,
and sing joyously of Your beneficence.
(8) The LORD is gracious and compassionate,
slow to anger and abounding in kindness.
(9) The LORD is good to all,
and His mercy is upon all His works.
(10) All Your works shall praise You, O LORD,
and Your faithful ones shall bless You.
(11) They shall talk of the majesty of Your kingship,
and speak of Your might,
(12) to make His mighty acts known among men
and the majestic glory of His kingship.
(13) Your kingship is an eternal kingship;
Your dominion is for all generations.
(14) The LORD supports all who stumble,
and makes all who are bent stand straight. (15) The eyes of all look to You expectantly,
and You give them their food when it is due. (16) You give it openhandedly,
feeding every creature to its heart’s content. (17) The LORD is beneficent in all His ways
and faithful in all His works.
(18) The LORD is near to all who call Him,
to all who call Him with sincerity.
(19) He fulfills the wishes of those who fear Him;
He hears their cry and delivers them.
(20) The LORD watches over all who love Him, but all the wicked He will destroy.
(21) My mouth shall utter the praise of the LORD, and all creatures shall bless His holy name forever and ever.
REGARDING PSALM 145:
This is the only psalm with the header "Tehilah l'David"
It presents many synonymes for "praise".
Praise of God is often universal, not just from His faithful.
The word "kol" (all) appears 17 times
Praise is issued to God at all times.
Why missing verse for the letter "nun?" Rav Yohanan (Ber. 4b) mentions this. But most ancient translations have a verse with "ne'eman", as do the Dead Sea Scrolls. (But see Ps. 25 and 34.)