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Tzara'at: A Plague of Arrogance

וְהַצָּר֜וּעַ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֣וֹ הַנֶּ֗גַע בְּגָדָ֞יו יִהְי֤וּ פְרֻמִים֙ וְרֹאשׁוֹ֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה פָר֔וּעַ וְעַל־שָׂפָ֖ם יַעְטֶ֑ה וְטָמֵ֥א ׀ טָמֵ֖א יִקְרָֽא׃ כׇּל־יְמֵ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַנֶּ֥גַע בּ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא בָּדָ֣ד יֵשֵׁ֔ב מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה מוֹשָׁבֽוֹ׃ {ס}

As for the person with an eruption of leprosy: his clothes shall be torn, his head shall be left bare, and his upper lip shall be covered over. He shall call out, “Impure! Impure!” and he shall be impure as long as the disease is present. Being impure, he shall dwell apart, in a dwelling outside the camp.

עַל עֲשָׂרָה דְבָרִים נְגָעִים בָּאִים, עַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, וְעַל חִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם, וְעַל בִּרְכַּת הַשֵּׁם, וְעַל הַגּוֹזֵל אֶת הָרַבִּים, וְעַל גּוֹזֵל אֶת שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְעַל גַּסֵּי הָרוּחַ, וְעַל לָשׁוֹן הָרָע, וְעַל עַיִן רָע.

For ten reasons does leprosy enter the world: for idol-worship, sexual immorality, bloodshed, the profanation of the Name, blasphemy of the Name, robbing the community, usurping dignity to which one has no right, excessive pride, evil speech, and stinginess.

(לד) כִּ֤י תָבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם לַאֲחֻזָּ֑ה וְנָתַתִּי֙ נֶ֣גַע צָרַ֔עַת בְּבֵ֖ית אֶ֥רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶֽם...

When you enter the land of Canaan that I give you as a possession, and I inflict a plague of leprosy upon a house in the land you possess...

בְּבֵית אֶרֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶם, זֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כד, כא): הִנְנִי מְחַלֵּל אֶת מִקְדָּשִׁי גְּאוֹן עֻזְכֶם...

The word “house” here refers to the great Temple, as it is written: “The word of Adonai has come to me: Tell the House of Israel: Thus said Adonai God: ‘I am going to desecrate My Sanctuary, your pride and glory, the delight of your eyes and the desire of your heart…’” (Ezekiel 24:20-21)

(א) וַיִּקְח֞וּ כׇּל־עַ֤ם יְהוּדָה֙ אֶת־עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וְה֕וּא בֶּן־שֵׁ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֣יכוּ אֹת֔וֹ תַּ֖חַת אָבִ֥יו אֲמַצְיָֽהוּ׃ ... וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הַיָּשָׁ֖ר בְּעֵינֵ֣י יי כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה אֲמַצְיָ֥הוּ אָבִֽיו׃ (ה) וַֽיְהִי֙ לִדְרֹ֣שׁ אֱלֹקִ֔ים בִּימֵ֣י זְכַרְיָ֔הוּ... הִצְלִיח֖וֹ הָאֱלֹקִֽים׃ (ו) וַיֵּצֵא֙ וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְרֹ֞ץ אֶת־ח֣וֹמַת גַּ֗ת וְאֵת֙ חוֹמַ֣ת יַבְנֵ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת חוֹמַ֣ת אַשְׁדּ֑וֹד וַיִּבְנֶ֣ה עָרִ֔ים בְּאַשְׁדּ֖וֹד וּבַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ (ז) וַיַּעְזְרֵ֨הוּ הָאֱלֹקִ֜ים עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֧ים וְעַל־[הָעַרְבִ֛ים] (הערביים) הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בְּגוּר־בָּ֖עַל וְהַמְּעוּנִֽים׃ (ח) וַיִּתְּנ֧וּ הָעַמּוֹנִ֛ים מִנְחָ֖ה לְעֻזִּיָּ֑הוּ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ שְׁמוֹ֙ עַד־לְב֣וֹא מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י הֶחֱזִ֖יק עַד־לְמָֽעְלָה׃ (ט) וַיִּ֨בֶן עֻזִּיָּ֤הוּ מִגְדָּלִים֙ בִּיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔͏ִם עַל־שַׁ֧עַר הַפִּנָּ֛ה וְעַל־שַׁ֥עַר הַגַּ֖יְא וְעַל־הַמִּקְצ֑וֹעַ וַֽיְחַזְּקֵֽם׃ (י) וַיִּ֨בֶן מִגְדָּלִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיַּחְצֹב֙ בֹּר֣וֹת רַבִּ֔ים כִּ֤י מִקְנֶה־רַּב֙ הָ֣יָה ל֔וֹ וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּבַמִּישׁ֑וֹר אִכָּרִ֣ים וְכֹרְמִ֗ים בֶּהָרִים֙ וּבַכַּרְמֶ֔ל כִּי־אֹהֵ֥ב אֲדָמָ֖ה הָיָֽה׃ ... (יד) וַיָּ֩כֶן֩ לָהֶ֨ם עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ לְכׇל־הַצָּבָ֗א מָגִנִּ֤ים וּרְמָחִים֙ וְכ֣וֹבָעִ֔ים וְשִׁרְיֹנ֖וֹת וּקְשָׁת֑וֹת וּלְאַבְנֵ֖י קְלָעִֽים׃ (טו) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ ׀ בִּירוּשָׁלַ֨͏ִם חִשְּׁבֹנ֜וֹת מַחֲשֶׁ֣בֶת חוֹשֵׁ֗ב לִהְי֤וֹת עַל־הַמִּגְדָּלִים֙ וְעַל־הַפִּנּ֔וֹת לִירוֹא֙ בַּחִצִּ֔ים וּבָאֲבָנִ֖ים גְּדֹל֑וֹת וַיֵּצֵ֤א שְׁמוֹ֙ עַד־לְמֵ֣רָח֔וֹק כִּֽי־הִפְלִ֥יא לְהֵעָזֵ֖ר עַ֥ד כִּֽי־חָזָֽק׃ (טז) וּכְחֶזְקָת֗וֹ גָּבַ֤הּ לִבּוֹ֙ עַד־לְהַשְׁחִ֔ית וַיִּמְעַ֖ל בַּיי אֱלֹקָ֑יו וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־הֵיכַ֣ל יי לְהַקְטִ֖יר עַל־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ (יז) וַיָּבֹ֥א אַחֲרָ֖יו עֲזַרְיָ֣הוּ הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְעִמּ֞וֹ כֹּהֲנִ֧ים ׀ לַיי שְׁמוֹנִ֖ים בְּנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ (יח) וַיַּעַמְד֞וּ עַל־עֻזִּיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־לְךָ֣ עֻזִּיָּ֗הוּ לְהַקְטִיר֙ לַיי כִּ֣י לַכֹּהֲנִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹ֛ן הַמְקֻדָּשִׁ֖ים לְהַקְטִ֑יר צֵ֤א מִן־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ֙ כִּ֣י מָעַ֔לְתָּ וְלֹֽא־לְךָ֥ לְכָב֖וֹד מֵיי אֱלֹקִֽים׃ (יט) וַיִּזְעַף֙ עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וּבְיָד֥וֹ מִקְטֶ֖רֶת לְהַקְטִ֑יר וּבְזַעְפּ֣וֹ עִם־הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וְ֠הַצָּרַ֠עַת זָרְחָ֨ה בְמִצְח֜וֹ לִפְנֵ֤י הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית יי מֵעַ֖ל לְמִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת׃ (כ) וַיִּ֣פֶן אֵלָ֡יו עֲזַרְיָ֩הוּ֩ כֹהֵ֨ן הָרֹ֜אשׁ וְכׇל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וְהִנֵּה־ה֤וּא מְצֹרָע֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיַּבְהִל֖וּהוּ מִשָּׁ֑ם וְגַם־הוּא֙ נִדְחַ֣ף לָצֵ֔את כִּ֥י נִגְּע֖וֹ יי׃ (כא) וַיְהִי֩ עֻזִּיָּ֨הוּ הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ מְצֹרָ֣ע ׀ עַד־י֣וֹם מוֹת֗וֹ וַיֵּ֜שֶׁב בֵּ֤ית (החפשות) [הַֽחׇפְשִׁית֙] מְצֹרָ֔ע כִּ֥י נִגְזַ֖ר מִבֵּ֣ית יי וְיוֹתָ֤ם בְּנוֹ֙ עַל־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שׁוֹפֵ֖ט אֶת־עַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ... (כג) וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ב עֻזִּיָּ֜הוּ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֗יו וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֹת֤וֹ עִם־אֲבֹתָיו֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֤ה הַקְּבוּרָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמְּלָכִ֔ים כִּ֥י אָמְר֖וּ מְצוֹרָ֣ע ה֑וּא וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ יוֹתָ֥ם בְּנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ {פ}

(1) Then all the people of Judah took Uzziah, who was sixteen years old, and proclaimed him king to succeed his father Amaziah. ... (4) He did what was pleasing to Adonai just as his father Amaziah had done. (5) He applied himself to the worship of God during the time of Zechariah... and God made him prosper. (6) He went forth to fight the Philistines, and breached the wall of Gat and the wall of Yavneh and the wall of Ashdod; he built towns in [the region of] Ashdod and among the Philistines. (7) God helped him against the Philistines, against the Arabs who lived in Gur-baal, and the Meunites. (8) The Ammonites paid tribute to Uzziah, and his fame spread to the steppes of Egypt, for he grew exceedingly strong. (9) Uzziah built towers in Jerusalem on the Corner Gate and the Valley Gate and on the Angle, and fortified them. (10) He built towers in the wilderness and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle, and farmers in the foothills and on the plain, and vine dressers in the mountains and on the fertile lands, for he loved the soil. ... (14) Uzziah provided them—the whole army—with shields and spears, and helmets and mail, and bows and slingstones. (15) He made clever devices in Jerusalem, set on the towers and the corners, for shooting arrows and large stones. His fame spread far, for he was helped wonderfully, and he became strong. (16) When he was strong, he grew so arrogant he acted corruptly: he trespassed against his God by entering the Temple of Adonai to offer incense on the incense altar. (17) The priest Azariah, with eighty other brave priests of Adonai, followed him in (18) and, confronting King Uzziah, said to him, “It is not for you, Uzziah, to offer incense to Adonai, but for the Aaronide priests, who have been consecrated, to offer incense. Get out of the Sanctuary, for you have trespassed; there will be no glory in it for you from Adonai our God.” (19) Uzziah, holding the censer and ready to burn incense, got angry; but as he got angry with the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead in front of the priests in the House of Adonai beside the incense altar. (20) When the chief priest Azariah and all the other priests looked at him, his forehead was leprous, so they rushed him out; he too made haste, for Adonai had struck him with a plague. (21) King Uzziah was a leper until the day of his death. He lived in isolated quarters as a leper, for he was cut off from the House of Adonai — while Yotam his son was in charge of the king’s house and governed the people of the land. ... (23) Uzziah slept with his fathers in the burial field of the kings, because, they said, he was a leper; his son Yotam succeeded him as king.

(ג) וְיָצָא֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וְרָאָה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְהִנֵּ֛ה נִרְפָּ֥א נֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֖עַת מִן־הַצָּרֽוּעַ׃ (ד) וְצִוָּה֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלָקַ֧ח לַמִּטַּהֵ֛ר שְׁתֵּֽי־צִפֳּרִ֥ים חַיּ֖וֹת טְהֹר֑וֹת וְעֵ֣ץ אֶ֔רֶז וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת וְאֵזֹֽב׃

(3) When the priest sees that the leper has been healed of his affliction, (4) the priest shall order two live pure birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop to be brought for the one to be purified.

"The cedar tree is a symbol of pride and might; the hyssop is a lowly bush. The reason for combining the two is that one of the causes of leprosy is haughtiness."

Rashi on Lev. 14:3-4

ואמר רב חסדא אמר מר עוקבא: אמר הקב"ה... "גבה עינים ורחב לבב אותו לא אוכל." אל תיקרי 'אותו' לא אוכל, אלא 'אתו' לא אוכל.

Rav Ḥisda says in the name of Mar Ukva: The Holy One of Blessing says..."Whoever is haughty of eye and proud of heart, I will not suffer him" (Ps. 101:5). Do not read the phrase as: “I will not suffer him [oto],” but as: With him [ito] I cannot bear to dwell.

(א) בִּשְׁנַת־מוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ עֻזִּיָּ֔הוּ וָאֶרְאֶ֧ה אֶת־אדושם יֹשֵׁ֥ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֖א רָ֣ם וְנִשָּׂ֑א וְשׁוּלָ֖יו מְלֵאִ֥ים אֶת־הַהֵיכָֽל׃ (ב) שְׂרָפִ֨ים עֹמְדִ֤ים ׀ מִמַּ֙עַל֙ ל֔וֹ שֵׁ֧שׁ כְּנָפַ֛יִם שֵׁ֥שׁ כְּנָפַ֖יִם לְאֶחָ֑ד בִּשְׁתַּ֣יִם ׀ יְכַסֶּ֣ה פָנָ֗יו וּבִשְׁתַּ֛יִם יְכַסֶּ֥ה רַגְלָ֖יו וּבִשְׁתַּ֥יִם יְעוֹפֵֽף׃ (ג) וְקָרָ֨א זֶ֤ה אֶל־זֶה֙ וְאָמַ֔ר קָד֧וֹשׁ ׀ קָד֛וֹשׁ קָד֖וֹשׁ יי צְבָא֑וֹת מְלֹ֥א כׇל־הָאָ֖רֶץ כְּבוֹדֽוֹ׃ (ד) וַיָּנֻ֙עוּ֙ אַמּ֣וֹת הַסִּפִּ֔ים מִקּ֖וֹל הַקּוֹרֵ֑א וְהַבַּ֖יִת יִמָּלֵ֥א עָשָֽׁן׃ (ה) וָאֹמַ֞ר אֽוֹי־לִ֣י כִֽי־נִדְמֵ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אִ֤ישׁ טְמֵֽא־שְׂפָתַ֙יִם֙ אָנֹ֔כִי וּבְתוֹךְ֙ עַם־טְמֵ֣א שְׂפָתַ֔יִם אָנֹכִ֖י יוֹשֵׁ֑ב כִּ֗י אֶת־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ יי צְבָא֖וֹת רָא֥וּ עֵינָֽי׃ (ו) וַיָּ֣עׇף אֵלַ֗י אֶחָד֙ מִן־הַשְּׂרָפִ֔ים וּבְיָד֖וֹ רִצְפָּ֑ה בְּמֶ֨לְקַחַ֔יִם לָקַ֖ח מֵעַ֥ל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ (ז) וַיַּגַּ֣ע עַל־פִּ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּ֛ה נָגַ֥ע זֶ֖ה עַל־שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ וְסָ֣ר עֲוֺנֶ֔ךָ וְחַטָּאתְךָ֖ תְּכֻפָּֽר׃ (ח) וָאֶשְׁמַ֞ע אֶת־ק֤וֹל אדושם אֹמֵ֔ר אֶת־מִ֥י אֶשְׁלַ֖ח וּמִ֣י יֵֽלֶךְ־לָ֑נוּ וָאֹמַ֖ר הִנְנִ֥י שְׁלָחֵֽנִי׃

(1) In the year that King Uzziah died, I beheld Adonai seated on a high and lofty throne; and the skirts of God's robe filled the Temple. (2) Seraphs stood in attendance; each of them had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his legs, and with two he would fly. (3) And one would call to the other, “Holy, holy, holy! / The Eternal God of Hosts! / God's presence fills all the earth!” (4) The doorposts would shake at the sound of the one who called, and the House kept filling with smoke. (5) I cried, “Woe is me; I am lost! /For I am a man of unclean lips / And I live among a people / Of unclean lips; / Yet my own eyes have beheld the Sovereign God of Hosts.”
(6) Then one of the seraphs flew over to me with a live coal, which he had taken from the altar with a pair of tongs. (7) He touched it to my lips and declared, “Now that this has touched your lips, your guilt shall depart and your sin be purged away.” (8) Then I heard the voice of Adonai saying, “Whom shall I send? Who will go for us?” And I said, “Here am I; send me.”

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