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Shavuos - Rus "אין אומתנו אומה, אלא בתורותיה"
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Rus

  1. And it happened in the days when the Judges judged, that there was a famine in the land, and a man of Bethlehem in Judah went to sojourn in the fields of Moab; he with his wife and two sons.
  2. The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, the name[s] of his two sons, were Machlon and Kilyon, Ephrathites from Bethlehem in Judah; they came to the Moabite country and remained there.
  3. Elimelech, Naomi’s husband died, and she was left with her two sons.
  4. They married Maobite women, one of whom was named Orpah, and the name of the second Rus, and they lived there about ten years.
  5. They both died; Machlon and Kilyon, the woman was bereft of her two sons and of her husband.
  6. She then arose with her daughters-in-law, in order to return from the fields of Moab for she had heard in the fields of Moab that Hashem had cared for His people to give them food.
  7. She left the place where she had been, accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, and they took the road to return to the land of Judah.
  8. Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go, return, each of you to her mother’s home; may Hashem deal kindly with you as you have dealt with the dead and with me.
  9. May Hashem grant you that you may find [security] rest each in the home of her [new] husband”; she kissed them and they wept aloud.
  10. And they said to her, “We will return with you to your people.”
  11. And Naomi said, “Turn back my daughters, why should you come with me? Am I likely to have more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?
  12. “Turn back, my daughters, go [your way], for I am too old to have a husband. Even if I could say: ‘I have yet hope,’ even if I were to have a husband tonight—and even if I were to bear sons—
  13. Would you wait for them until they were grown to manhood? Would you shut yourselves in for them, denying yourselves to marry another?—No, my daughters, my distress is great on your account, for against me is directed the hand of Hashem.”
  14. They wept loudly again, Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Rus did cling to her.
  15. And she [Naomi] said to her, “See, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her god; return along with your sister-in-law.”
  16. But Rus said, “Do not urge me to desert you, to turn away from you. For wherever you go, I shall go, where you lodge, I will lodge, your people are my people, and your God, is my God.
  17. Where you die, I will die and there I shall be buried; so may Hashem do to me—and even more—if anything but death separate me from you.”
  18. [And when] she saw that she was determined to go with her, she refrained from further discussion with her.

רבי סעדיה גאון
"אין אומתנו אומה, אלא בתורותיה"

Rabbi Saadia Gaon: “The Jewish nation is a nation only by virtue of the Torah”

כִּי אֶל אֲשֶׁר תֵּלְכִי אֵלֵךְ. מִכַּאן אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה, גֵּר שֶׁבָּא לְהִתְגַּיֵּר מוֹדִיעִין לוֹ מִקְצַת עֳנָשִׁים, שֶׁאִם בָּא לַחֲזֹר בּוֹ יַחֲזֹר, שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ דְּבָרֶיהָ שֶׁל רוּת אַתָּה לָמֵד מַה שֶּׁאָמְרָה לָהּ נָעֳמִי. "אָסוּר לָנוּ לָצֵאת חוּץ לַתְּחוּם בַּשַּׁבָּת". אָמְרָה לָהּ, "בַּאֲשֶׁר תֵּלְכִי אֵלֵךְ". "אָסוּר לָנוּ לְהִתְיַחֵד נְקֵבָה עִם זָכָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אִישָׁהּ". אָמְרָה לָהּ, "בַּאֲשֶׁר תָּלִינִי אָלִין". "עַמֵּנוּ מֻבְדָּלִים מִשְּׁאָר עַמִּים בְּתַרְיַ"ג מִצְוֹת", "עַמֵּךְ עַמִּי". "אָסוּר לָנוּ עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, "אֱלֹהַיִךְ אֱלֹהָי". "אַרְבַּע מִיתוֹת נִמְסְרוּ לְבֵית דִּין, "בַּאֲשֶׁר תָּמוּתִי אָמוּת". "שְׁנֵי קְבָרִים נִמְסְרוּ לְבֵית דִּין, אֶחָד לְנִסְקָלִין וְנִשְׂרָפִין וְאֶחָד לְנֶהֱרָגִין וְנֶחְנָקִין". אָמְרָה לָהּ, "וְשָׁם אֶקָּבֵר":

For wherever you go, I shall go. From here our Rabbis of blessed memory derived that if a [prospective] proselyte comes to convert, we inform him of some of the punishments [for violating the commandments] so that is he decides to renege [from his intention to convert], he can renege; for out of the words of Rus, you can learn what Naomi said to her.

[Naomi said.] “We may not venture outside the boundary [of 2000 cubits beyond city limits] on Shabbos.”

She [Rus] replied to her, “For wherever you go I shall go.”

[Naomi then said,] “We are prohibited to allow a woman to be secluded with a man who is not her husband.”

She [Rus] replied, “Where you lodge, I will lodge.”

[Naomi said,] “Our nation is separated from other nations by 613 commandments,”

[and Rus replied,] “Your people are my people.”

[Naomi said,] “Idolatry is forbidden to us,”

[to which Rus replied,] “Your God is my God.”

[Naomi then said,] “Four [types of] death penalties were delegated to Beis Din [to punish transgressors],”

[and Rus replied,] “Where you die, I will die.”

Parshas Va'era

וְגַ֣ם ׀ אֲנִ֣י שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶֽת־נַאֲקַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִצְרַ֖יִם מַעֲבִדִ֣ים אֹתָ֑ם וָאֶזְכֹּ֖ר אֶת־בְּרִיתִֽי׃

And also I have heard the groaning of the B’nei Yisrael, that the Egyptians are enslaving them, and I have remembered My covenant.

לָכֵ֞ן אֱמֹ֥ר לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָה֒ וְהוֹצֵאתִ֣י אֶתְכֶ֗ם מִתַּ֙חַת֙ סִבְלֹ֣ת מִצְרַ֔יִם וְהִצַּלְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵעֲבֹדָתָ֑ם וְגָאַלְתִּ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבִשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים׃

Therefore say to the B’nei Yisrael, ‘I am Hashem. I will bring you out from under the burdens of Egypt, and I will save you from their slavery. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm, and with acts of great judgments.

וְלָקַחְתִּ֨י אֶתְכֶ֥ם לִי֙ לְעָ֔ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וִֽידַעְתֶּ֗ם כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אֶתְכֶ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת סִבְל֥וֹת מִצְרָֽיִם׃

I will take you to Myself as a people, and I will be to you Elokim. You will know that I am Hashem, your God Who is bringing you out from under the burdens of Egypt.

וְהֵבֵאתִ֤י אֶתְכֶם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֣ת אֹתָ֔הּ לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֹתָ֥הּ לָכֶ֛ם מוֹרָשָׁ֖ה אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃

I will bring you to the land regarding which I raised My hand [in oath] that I would give it to Avraham, Yitzchok and Yaakov, and I will give it to you as an inheritance. I am Hashem.’”

ולקחתי. כאשר תקבלו את התורה על הר סיני:

AND I WILL TAKE YOU TO ME. When you receive the Torah on Mount Sinai.

ולקחתי אתכם לי לעם. במעמד הר סיני:

ולקחתי אתכם לי לעם, this will occur at the revelation at Mount Sinai.

In the wilderness it received the Torah, and thus in the wilderness, without land or soil, it became a nation. It became a body, whose soul was the Torah

וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים הַלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶ֥ל כׇּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַסְכֵּ֤ת ׀ וּשְׁמַע֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ נִהְיֵ֣יתָֽ לְעָ֔ם לַיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃

Moshe and the kohanim-Levi’im addressed all of Yisroel, to say, ‘‘Take heed and accept, Yisroel! [On] this day you have become a people to Hashem, your God.

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