(א) וַתְּדַבֵּ֨ר מִרְיָ֤ם וְאַהֲרֹן֙ בְּמֹשֶׁ֔ה עַל־אֹד֛וֹת הָאִשָּׁ֥ה הַכֻּשִׁ֖ית אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָקָ֑ח כִּֽי־אִשָּׁ֥ה כֻשִׁ֖ית לָקָֽח׃ (ב) וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ הֲרַ֤ק אַךְ־בְּמֹשֶׁה֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר ה׳ הֲלֹ֖א גַּם־בָּ֣נוּ דִבֵּ֑ר וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע ה׳׃ (ג) וְהָאִ֥ישׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה עָנָ֣ו מְאֹ֑ד מִכֹּל֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃ {ס} (ד) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ה׳ פִּתְאֹ֗ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־מִרְיָ֔ם צְא֥וּ שְׁלׇשְׁתְּכֶ֖ם אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שְׁלׇשְׁתָּֽם׃ (ה) וַיֵּ֤רֶד ה׳ בְּעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֔ן וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖ד פֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֑הֶל וַיִּקְרָא֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וּמִרְיָ֔ם וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶֽם׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א דְבָרָ֑י אִם־יִֽהְיֶה֙ נְבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם ה׳ בַּמַּרְאָה֙ אֵלָ֣יו אֶתְוַדָּ֔ע בַּחֲל֖וֹם אֲדַבֶּר־בּֽוֹ׃ (ז) לֹא־כֵ֖ן עַבְדִּ֣י מֹשֶׁ֑ה בְּכׇל־בֵּיתִ֖י נֶאֱמָ֥ן הֽוּא׃ (ח) פֶּ֣ה אֶל־פֶּ֞ה אֲדַבֶּר־בּ֗וֹ וּמַרְאֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א בְחִידֹ֔ת וּתְמֻנַ֥ת ה׳ יַבִּ֑יט וּמַדּ֙וּעַ֙ לֹ֣א יְרֵאתֶ֔ם לְדַבֵּ֖ר בְּעַבְדִּ֥י בְמֹשֶֽׁה׃ (ט) וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֧ף ה׳ בָּ֖ם וַיֵּלַֽךְ׃ (י) וְהֶעָנָ֗ן סָ֚ר מֵעַ֣ל הָאֹ֔הֶל וְהִנֵּ֥ה מִרְיָ֖ם מְצֹרַ֣עַת כַּשָּׁ֑לֶג וַיִּ֧פֶן אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶל־מִרְיָ֖ם וְהִנֵּ֥ה מְצֹרָֽעַת׃ (יא) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י אַל־נָ֨א תָשֵׁ֤ת עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ חַטָּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֥ר נוֹאַ֖לְנוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָטָֽאנוּ׃ (יב) אַל־נָ֥א תְהִ֖י כַּמֵּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּצֵאתוֹ֙ מֵרֶ֣חֶם אִמּ֔וֹ וַיֵּאָכֵ֖ל חֲצִ֥י בְשָׂרֽוֹ׃ (יג) וַיִּצְעַ֣ק מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־ה׳ לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵ֕ל נָ֛א רְפָ֥א נָ֖א לָֽהּ׃ {פ}
(יד) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ה׳ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה וְאָבִ֙יהָ֙ יָרֹ֤ק יָרַק֙ בְּפָנֶ֔יהָ הֲלֹ֥א תִכָּלֵ֖ם שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים תִּסָּגֵ֞ר שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְאַחַ֖ר תֵּאָסֵֽף׃ (טו) וַתִּסָּגֵ֥ר מִרְיָ֛ם מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְהָעָם֙ לֹ֣א נָסַ֔ע עַד־הֵאָסֵ֖ף מִרְיָֽם׃ (טז) וְאַחַ֛ר נָסְע֥וּ הָעָ֖ם מֵחֲצֵר֑וֹת וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃ {פ}
(1) Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Cushite woman he had taken [as wife]: “He took a Cushite woman!” (2) They said, “Has ה׳ spoken only through Moses? Has [God] not spoken through us as well?” ה׳ heard it. (3) Now the man Moses was very humble, more so than any other human being on earth. (4) Suddenly ה׳ called to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “Come out, you three, to the Tent of Meeting.” So the three of them went out. (5) ה׳ came down in a pillar of cloud, stopped at the entrance of the Tent, and called out, “Aaron and Miriam!” The two of them came forward; (6) and [God] said, “Hear these My words: When prophets of ה׳ arise among you, I make Myself known to them in a vision, I speak with them in a dream. (7) Not so with My servant Moses; he is trusted throughout My household. (8) With him I speak mouth to mouth, plainly and not in riddles, and he beholds the likeness of ה׳. How then did you not shrink from speaking against My servant Moses!” (9) Still incensed with them, ה׳ departed. (10) As the cloud withdrew from the Tent, there was Miriam stricken with snow-white scales! When Aaron turned toward Miriam, he saw that she was stricken with scales! (11) And Aaron said to Moses, “O my lord, account not to us the sin which we committed in our folly. (12) Let her not be like a stillbirth which emerges from its mother’s womb with half its flesh eaten away!” (13) So Moses cried out to ה׳, saying, “O God, pray heal her!” (14) But ה׳ said to Moses, “If her father spat in her face, would she not bear her shame for seven days? Let her be shut out of camp for seven days, and then let her be readmitted.” (15) So Miriam was shut out of camp seven days; and the people did not march on until Miriam was readmitted. (16) After that the people set out from Hazeroth and encamped in the wilderness of Paran.
~ Why is the fact that Tzipporah (according to the rabbis) a Cushite something important in this exchange?
~ What are the dynamics between the three siblings that you can see?
~ What dynamics between the three siblings can you imagine?
~ How does God figure in these dynamics?
~ Is the insertion of Tzipporah in these dynamics a welcomed one? Is it possible to read the text both ways?
~ Why does not Aharon pray for Miriam?
~ Can you eek out a punishment for Aharon, in the text, given that he's a kohen - and actually the kohen gadol?
מִכָּאן אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַלֵּוִי בַּר רַבִּי שָׁלוֹם עַל אַחַד עָשָׂר דְבָרִים הַצָּרַעַת בָּאָה, עַל קִלְלַת הַשֵּׁם, וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת, וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, וְעַל הָאוֹמֵר עַל חֲבֵרוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ בּוֹ, וְעַל גַּסּוּת הָרוּחַ, וְעַל הַנִּכְנָס בִּתְחוּם שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְעַל לְשׁוֹן שֶׁקֶר, וְעַל הַגְּנֵבוֹת, וְעַל שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר, וְעַל הַמְחַלֵּל שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, וְעַל עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים. רַבִּי יִצְחָק אוֹמֵר עַל עַיִן רָעָה. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים עַל מִי שֶׁמְּנַאֵץ בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה. וְעַל דַּעְתַּיְהוּ דְּרַבָּנָן דְּאָמְרִין עַל מִי שֶׁמְּנַאֵץ בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ה, כד): לָכֵן כֶּאֱכֹל קַשׁ לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ וגו' וּפִרְחָם כָּאָבָק יַעֲלֶה, זֶה צָרָעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יג, יב): וְאִם פָּרוֹחַ תִּפְרַח הַצָּרַעַת, מַהוּ כָּאָבָק יַעֲלֶה, כְּאוֹתוֹ פִּיחַ כִּבְשָׁן שֶׁזָּרַק משֶׁה הַשָּׁמָיְמָה (שמות ט, ט): וְהָיָה לְאָבָק עַל כָּל אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם, וּמִמֶּנּוּ לָקוּ הַמִּצְרִים בִּשְׁחִין אֲבַעְבּוּעוֹת פּוֹרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יִצְחָק דְּאָמַר עַל עַיִן הָרָע, כְּשֶׁאָדָם צַר עַיִן וְאֵינוֹ מַשְׁאִיל אֶת כֵּלָיו הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשַׁלֵּחַ צָרַעַת בְּבֵיתוֹ וּמוֹצִיא כֵּלָיו לַחוּץ וְהַבְּרִיוֹת אוֹמְרִים פְּלוֹנִי שֶׁלֹא הָיָה מַשְׁאִיל כֵּלָיו וְאוֹמֵר שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ לוֹ כֵּלִים, הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ כֵּלִים, וְעָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (איוב כ, כח): יִגֶל יְבוּל בֵּיתוֹ. וְעַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הַלֵּוִי דְּאָמַר עַל קִלְלַת הַשֵּׁם, מַפִּיק לֵיהּ מִגָּלְיָת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א יז, לו): כִּי חֵרֵף מַעַרְכֹת אֱלֹקִים חַיִים, מַה כְּתִיב בּוֹ (שמואל א יז, מו): הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְסַגֶּרְךָ ה׳ בְּיָדִי, וְאֵין יְסַגֶּרְךָ אֶלָּא הַצָּרָעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יג, ה): וְהִסְגִּירוֹ הַכֹּהֵן. וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ג, יז): וְשִׂפַּח ה׳ קָדְקֹד בְּנוֹת צִיּוֹן, אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן פְּדָת אֵין וְסִפַּח אֶלָּא הַצָּרָעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יג, ב): שְׂאֵת אוֹ סַפַּחַת וגו'. וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים, מִקַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ד, טו): וַיָּשֶׂם ה׳ לְקַיִן אוֹת, אָמַר רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה זוֹ הַצָּרָעַת, נֶאֱמַר כָּאן אוֹת, וְנֶאֱמַר בְּחִזְקִיָּהוּ (מלכים ב כ, ח): אוֹת, מָה אוֹת הָאָמוּר בְּחִזְקִיָּהוּ שְׁחִין, אַף כָּאן שְׁחִין. וְאִם אֵין אַתְּ לָמֵד לְמַד מִיּוֹאָב שֶׁשָּׁפַךְ דָּמִים, מַה כְּתִיב בּוֹ (שמואל ב ג, כט): וְאַל יִכָּרֵת מִבֵּית יוֹאָב זָב וּמְצֹרָע. וְעַל הָאוֹמֵר דָּבָר לַחֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ בּוֹ, זֶה משֶׁה, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הָאֱלֹקִים שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ אֵצֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אָמַר לוֹ רִבּוֹנִי וַהֲרֵי אֵינָן מַאֲמִינִין אוֹתִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ד, א): וְהֵן לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לִי וגו', אָמַר לוֹ הָאֱלֹקִים הָא משֶׁה כְּבָר אַתְּ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאֵינָן מַאֲמִינִין אוֹתָךְ, מַאֲמִינִין בְּנֵי מַאֲמִינִין הֵם, אָמַרְתָּ לִי: וְהֵן לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לִי וגו' (שמות ד, ו): הָבֵא נָא יָדְךָ בְּחֵיקֵךָ וגו', מִיָּד (שמות ד, ו): וַיּוֹצִאָהּ וְהִנֵּה יָדוֹ מְצֹרַעַת כַּשָּׁלֶג. וְעַל גַּסּוּת הָרוּחַ זֶה נַעֲמָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ה, א): וְנַעֲמָן שַׂר צְבָא מֶלֶךְ אֲרָם הָיָה אִישׁ גָּדוֹל, מַהוּ גָּדוֹל, שֶׁהָיְתָה רוּחוֹ גַּסָּה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיָה גִּבּוֹר חַיִל, וְעַל יְדֵי כָךְ נִצְטָרַע. וְעַל הַנִּכְנָס בִּתְחוּם שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, זֶה עֻזִּיָהוּ, שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ לְהִכָּנֵס בִּתְחוּם הַכְּהֻנָּה, וּמַה כְּתִיב בּוֹ (דברי הימים ב כו, יט): וְהַצָּרַעַת זָרְחָה בְמִצְחוֹ. וְעַל לְשׁוֹן שֶׁקֶר, זוֹ מִרְיָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יב, יט): וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמשֶׁה, וּמַה כְּתִיב אַחֲרָיו (במדבר יב, י): וַיִּפֶן אַהֲרֹן אֶל מִרְיָם וְהִנֵּה מְצֹרָעַת. וְעַל הַגְּנֵבוֹת וְעַל שְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר, דִּכְתִיב (זכריה ה, ד): וּבָאָה אֶל בֵּית הַגַּנָּב וְאֶל בֵּית הַנִּשְׁבָּע בִּשְׁמִי לַשָּׁקֶר וגו', אֵיזוֹ הִיא מַכָּה שֶׁהִיא מְכַלָּה אֶת הָעֵצִים וְאֶת הָאֲבָנִים, הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זוֹ הַצָּרָעַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יד, מה): וְנָתַץ אֶת הַבַּיִת אֶת אֲבָנָיו וְאֶת עֵצָיו וגו'. וְעַל הַמְחַלֵּל שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, זֶה גֵּיחֲזִי שֶׁרָץ אַחַר נַעֲמָן לִטֹּל מִמֶּנּוּ מָמוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ה, כא): וַיִּרְדֹּף גֵּיחֲזִי אַחֲרֵי נַעֲמָן וגו'. אֱלִישָׁע קִדֵּשׁ שְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁלֹא רָצָה לִטֹּל מִנַּעֲמָן כְּלוּם, וְגֵיחֲזִי רָדַף אַחֲרָיו וְנִשְׁבַּע לוֹ לַשֶּׁקֶר שֶׁשָּׁלַח אֶצְלוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁלַח לוֹ מָמוֹן, נִמְצָא זֶה מְחַלֵּל שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם מַה שֶּׁקִּדֵּשׁ אֱלִישָׁע, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגֵיחֲזִי רָשָׁע אַתָּה אָמַרְתָּ (מלכים ב ה, כ): חַי ה׳ כִּי אִם רַצְתִּי אַחֲרָיו וְלָקַחְתִּי מֵאִתּוֹ מְאוּמָה, נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ בִּשְׁמִי כְּדֵי לְחַלְּלוֹ, חַיֶּיךָ מְאוּמָה אָמַרְתָּ וּמוּמוֹ אַתָּה נוֹטֵל, (מלכים ב ה, כז): וְצָרַעַת נַעֲמָן תִּדְבַּק בְּךָ. וְעַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, אֵלּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּשֶׁעָשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה נַעֲשׂוּ מְצֹרָעִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, כה): וַיַּרְא משֶׁה אֶת הָעָם כִּי פָרֻעַ הוּא, וְאוֹמֵר (ישעיה יז, יא): וּכְאֵב אָנוּשׁ, לְפִיכָךְ אָמַר אֱלֹקִים לְמשֶׁה הַפְרֵשׁ הַמְצֹרָעִים שֶׁבֵּינֵיכֶם מִמַּחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֵם עָשׂוּ אוֹתוֹ הַמַּעֲשֶׂה וִישַׁלְּחוּ מִן הַמַּחֲנֶה כָּל צָרוּעַ.
From here, Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi bar Rabbi Shalom said: Leprosy comes due to eleven matters: For cursing the name of God, for illicit sexual relations, for bloodshed, for saying regarding another a [negative] matter that is not accurate, for arrogance, for entering in an area that does not belong to the one entering, for false speech, for thefts, for a false oath, for profanation of the name of Heaven, and for idol worship. Rabbi Yitzḥak says: For miserliness. Our Rabbis say: For one who scorns matters of Torah.
According to the opinion of the Rabbis, who said: For one who scorns matters of Torah, it is as it is stated: “Therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes straw [and a flame destroys chaff]…their blossom [ufirḥam] will rise as dust; [for they spurned the Torah of the Lord of hosts and scorned the word of the Holy One of Israel]” (Isaiah 5:24). This is leprosy, as it is stated: “If the leprosy shall erupt [paro’aḥ tifraḥ]” (Leviticus 13:12). What is “will rise as dust”? It is like that furnace soot that Moses cast heavenward: “It will become dust over the entire land of Egypt” (Exodus 9:9) – from it the Egyptians were stricken with “a rash erupting in blisters on man and on animal” (Exodus 9:10).
According to the opinion of Rabbi Yitzḥak, who said: For miserliness, when a person is miserly and does not lend their utensils, the Holy One of Blessing will afflict that person's house with leprosy; that person needs to take their utensils outside, and the people say: So-and-so, who would not lend their utensils and would say that they did not have utensils, they did have utensils. In that person's regard the verse states: “The produce of his house will be exiled” (Job 20:28).
According to the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi, who said: For cursing the name of God, he derives it from Goliath, as it is stated: “For he blasphemed the armies of the living God” (I Samuel 17:36). What is written in his regard? “This day, the Lord will deliver you [yesagerkha] into my hand” (I Samuel 17:46). “Yesagerkha” is nothing other than leprosy, as it is stated: “The priest shall quarantine him [vehisgiro]” (Leviticus 13:5).
For illicit sexual relations, from where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “The Lord will afflict with scabs [vesipaḥ] the heads of the daughters of Zion” (Isaiah 3:17). Rabbi Elazar ben Pedat said: Vesipaḥ is nothing other than leprosy, as it is stated: “A spot or a scab [sapaḥat]…” (Leviticus 13:2).
For bloodshed, from Cain, as it is stated: “God placed a mark [ot] on Cain” (Genesis 4:15). Rabbi Neḥemya said: This is leprosy. “Ot” is stated here, and “ot” (II Kings 20:8) is stated regarding Hezekiah. Just as ot stated regarding Hezekiah was a rash, so, too, here, it is a rash. If you do not derive it, derive it from Yoav, who shed blood. What is written in his regard? “May there not be eliminated from the house of Yoav a zav or a leper” (II Samuel 3:29).
For saying regarding another a [negative] matter that is not accurate, this is [from] Moses, as when God said to him that he should go to Israel, he said to Him: ‘My Master, but they will not believe me,’ as it is stated: “But they will not believe me…” (Exodus 4:1). God said to him: ‘Moses, do you already know that they will not believe you? They are believers, descendants of believers, yet you say to Me, “but they will not believe me…”?’ “Bring your hand to your bosom…” (Exodus 4:6). Immediately, “he withdrew it, and behold, his hand was leprous like snow (Exodus 4:6).
For arrogance, this is Naaman, as it is stated: “Naaman, commander of the army of the king of Aram, was a great man […and the man…was leprous]” (II Kings 5:1). What is “great”? It is that he had an arrogance of spirit because he was a great warrior. It is due to this that he was afflicted with leprosy.
For one who enters an area that is not his, this is Uziyahu, who sought to enter the area of the priesthood. What is written in his regard? “The leprosy radiated on his forehead” (II Chronicles 26:19).
For false speech, this is Miriam, as it is stated: “Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses” (Numbers 12:1). What is written thereafter? “Aaron turned to Miriam, and behold, she was leprous” (Numbers 12:10).
For thefts and for a false oath, as it is written: “It will arrive at the house of the thief and at the house of one who takes an oath by My name falsely, […and it will eliminate it and its timber and its stones]” (Zechariah 5:4). What is a plague that destroys timber and stones? This is leprosy, as it is stated: “He shall demolish the house, its stones, and its timber…” (Leviticus 14:45).
For one who profanes the name of Heaven, this is Geḥazi, who pursued Naaman in order to take money from him, as it is stated: “Geḥazi pursued Naaman…” (II Kings 5:21). Elisha sanctified the name of the Holy One blessed be He, as he did not wish to take anything from Naaman, but Geḥazi pursued him and took a false oath to him [Naaman] that he [Elisha] had sent him [Geḥazi] to him [Naaman], so that he would send money to him [Elisha]. The result is this one profaned the name of Heaven, which Elisha had sanctified. The Holy One of Blessing said to Geḥazi: ‘Wicked one; you said: “As the Lord lives, I will run after him and take something [me’uma] from him” (II Kings 5:20). You took an oath in My name in order to profane it? You said me’uma; you will take his blemish [mum]’: “the leprosy of Naaman will cleave to you” (II Kings 5:27).
And for idol worship, this is Israel; when they performed that act they became lepers, as it is stated: “Moses saw the people, that it was wild [farua]” (Exodus 32:25). And it says: “And mortal pain” (Isaiah 17:11) – that is why God said to Moses: ‘Separate the lepers who are in your midst from the camp of Israel, as it is they who performed that act.’ “They shall send out from the camp every leper.”
~ How does this midrash explain tzara'at?
~ Why did Moshe get tzara'at? Why did Miriam?
~ Does this midrash help us understand why Moshe pleads for Miriam?
~ Does it shed light in the dynamics?
(Bamidbar 12:1) "And Miriam and Aaron spoke (vatedaber) against Moses": "dibbur" in all places connotes "harsh" speech, as in (Bereshit 42:30) "The man, the lord of the land, spoke ("dibber") roughly to us," (Bamidbar 21:5) "and the people spoke ("vayedaber") against God and against Moses." And "amirah" in all places connotes imploration as in (Bereshit 19:7) "And he said (vayomer): Do not, I pray you, my brothers, do ill," (Bamidbar 12:6) "And He said (vayomer): Hear, I pray you, My words." "And Miriam and Aharon spoke against Moses": We are hereby apprised that both spoke against him, but that Miriam spoke first. This was not her practice, but the occasion demanded it. Similarly (Jeremiah 36;6) "And you (Baruch) shall go and read from the scroll, on which you have written from my (Jeremiah's) mouth, the word of Ad-nai in the ears of the people" (Jeremiah 36:6) — not that it was Baruch's practice to speak before Jeremiah, but the occasion demanded it. "and Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses": How did Miriam know that Moses had ceased from marital relations (with his wife Tzipporah)? Seeing that Tzipporah did not adorn herself as other (married) women did, she asked her for the cause and was told: "Your brother is not 'particular' about this thing" (intercourse, [being constantly "on call" for the word of God]). Thus Miriam learned of the matter. She apprised Aaron of it and they both spoke of it (as being a troublesome precedent for others.) Now does this not follow a fortiori: If Miriam, whose intent was not to berate her brother, but to praise him, and not to diminish propagation (in Israel), but to increase it, and who spoke thus privately — if she was punished like that, then one who intends to speak against one's fellow, in defamation and not in praise, and to diminish and not to increase, and in public — how much more so! Similarly, a fortiori from the instance of Uzziah (see II Chronicles 16-19) If King Uzziah, whose intent (in offering the incense) was not self-aggrandizement or personal honor but the glory of his Master, was thus punished, how much more so one who intends the opposite! (Bamidbar, Ibid.) "… Because of the Cushite woman": Scripture hereby apprises us that whoever beheld her attested to her beauty. And thus is it written (Bereshit 11:29) "… the father of Milkah and the father of Yiskah": Yiskah is Sarah: Why was she called "Yiskah"? For all gazed upon ("sochim") her beauty, as it is written (Ibid. 12:15) "And Pharaoh's officers saw her and praised her to Pharaoh." R. Eliezer the son of R. Yossi Haglili said: "Tzipporah" (Moses' wife) — Why was she called "Tzipporah"? "Tzfu ur'uh" ("Look and see") how beautiful this woman is! "the Cushite (Ethiopian) woman": Now was she an Ethiopian? Wasn't she a Midianite, viz. (Shemot 2:16) "And the priest of Midian had seven daughters, etc." What is the intent of "Cushite"? Just as a Cushite is exceptional in his skin, so Tzipporah was exceptional in her beauty — more so than all the women. Similarly, (Psalms 7:1) "A Shiggayon of David, which he sang to Ad-nai concerning Cush (Saul), a Benjaminite." Now was he a Cushite? (The intent is:) Just as a Cushite is exceptional in his skin, so Saul was exceptional in his appearance, as it is written of him (I Samuel 9:2) "… from his shoulder and upwards, taller than all of the people." Similarly, (Amos 9:7) "Are you not like Cushites to Me, O children of Israel?" Now were they Cushites? (The intent is:) Just as a Cushite is exceptional in his skin, so, is an Israelite exceptional in mitzvot. Similarly, (Jeremiah 32:7) "And Eved-melech the Cushite heard": Now was he a Cushite? Was he not Baruch? But, just as a Cushite is exceptional in his skin, so, was Baruch ben Neriah exceptional in his deeds, more so than any of the others in the king's palace. "For he had taken a Cushite woman": Why is this written? Is it not written (immediately before) "about the Cushite woman that he had taken"? — There are those who are beautiful in appearance, but not in deed; in deed, but not in appearance, that is "Like a golden ring in the snout of a pig is a beautiful woman lacking in sense" (Proverbs 11:22). But Tzipporah was beautiful in both — wherefore it is written "about the Cushite woman that he had taken, for he had taken a Cushite woman."
~ Why did Miriam speak about Moshe, according to the midrash?
~ Is Cushite, in our Torah text, a racial epithet, according to the midrash?
~ How does the midrash build up Tzipporah?
~ How does the midrash defend Miriam?
~ Is that defense a screed against the punishment?
(ו) וכן מה שמסתכל בשאר גשמיות כגון בכלי. יחשוב מנין בא להכלי זה הנוי והצורה ע"כ החומר הוא פסולתו והנוי והצורה הוא הרוחני והחיוני מזה הכלי והוא ג"כ חלק אלוקי ממעל.
(ז) וכן כשאוכל יחשוב שהטעם והמתיקות של דבר המאכל הוא בא מכח החיוני והמתיקות של מעלה שהוא חיותו. ובדומם יש ג"כ חיות שאנו רואים שיש לדומם ההוא קיום ועמידה נמצא בכל מקום חיות אלוקי ממעל.
(ח) ואם תסתכל כך נמצא מסתכל במחשבה ואין ההסתכלות שלו אלא בעבודתו א"ס ב"ה וזהו טוב לבטל ההרהור.
(ט) ואז אם יחשוב כך כל היום וזה הוא כלל גדול דמה שחושבין ביום האי מחשבה סליק אל רעיונים בשינה וחלום ובזה יזכה לראות בחלום החיונו של הגשמי ההוא גופא שביום אינו רואה אלא הגשמי ובמחשבתו חושבת הרוחני מלובש בגשמי אבל בחלום רואה הרוחני ערום מבלי לבוש.
(י) והטעם כי החלום הוא מלשון עתים חלים והוא לשון חוזק והענין כי ביום החיוני שבאדם הוא חלש שהוא מקושר בגוף ולכך אינו רואה החיוני של הדברים הגשמי' אבל בליל' החיוני שבאדם מתפשט מתוך הגוף אז החיוני הוא חזק לכן יכול לראו' החיוני גופא.
(יא) מזה יכול האדם לבא למדריג' הנבואה ולכן כתיב בכל הנביאים בחלום אדבר בו אבל מרע"ה הי' רואה בהקיץ חיוני של הגשמי.
(6) The same applies to seeing any beautiful object. Contemplate to yourself, “Where does the beautiful form of this thing come from? Certainly, its substance (Chomer) is dross, and its beautiful form (Tzurah) comes from the spiritual vitality invested in it, which is, ‘a Godly portion from Above’” (Job 31:2). Because, in reality, the vitality of all physical things is the “Godly portion from Above.”
(7) Likewise, when you eat, you should contemplate that, “The flavor and sweetness of this food comes from the power of vitality and Sweetness Above, that vitalizes it. Even an inanimate object has vitality, as is clear that even inanimate objects are sustained in their existence.” We thus find that every place and every thing contains Godly vitality from Above.
(8) If you observe the world in this way, you will notice that, by doing so, you actually are seeing with your intellect, and that whatever you see is in order to serve the Infinite Blessed One through the contemplation of this sight. This then, is a beneficial way to nullify the power of extraneous thoughts.
(9) If you think in this manner throughout the day, then, “What one thinks during the day will ascend into one's thoughts while sleeping and dreaming” (Brachot 55b). Thus, through doing so, you will merit to behold the actual vitality of the physical things you saw, while you dream. For during the day, even though you contemplate the spiritual aspect of what you see, nonetheless you only see the physical. However, in a dream, you see the spiritual aspect itself, divested of its external garb.
(10) The reason is because the term for dreaming chalom חלום is of the same root as the phrase, “At times strong Eeteem Chalim-עתים חלים,” and is a term of strength. This is because during the day, the Godly vitality vested in you is weak, for it is bound to the physicality of the body. Therefore, you cannot see the spiritual vitality of physical things. At night, however, the spiritual vitality spreads from its limitation in the body and the vitality is strong. You can then see the vitality itself.
(11) Thus, through training oneself to think in this way, a person can even attain a level of prophecy, as it states regarding all prophets other than our teacher Moshe, “I speak with him in a dream” (Numbers 12:6). In contrast, Moshe was able to see the vitality invested in the physical even in a waking state.
~ How is appreciating beauty like a dream?
~ How does the Ba'al Shem Tov use beauty, flavors and sensual things in general to cling to God?
~ How can we use family dynamics in the same way?