A people that dwells apart—blessing or curse? Balak—July 20, 2024
(ט) כִּֽי־מֵרֹ֤אשׁ צֻרִים֙ אֶרְאֶ֔נּוּ וּמִגְּבָע֖וֹת אֲשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ הֶן־עָם֙ לְבָדָ֣ד יִשְׁכֹּ֔ן וּבַגּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א יִתְחַשָּֽׁב׃
(9) As I see them from the mountain tops,
Gaze on them from the heights,
There is a people that dwells apart,
Not reckoned among the nations,
(ב) הן עם לבדד ישכן. הוּא אֲשֶׁר זָכוּ לוֹ אֲבוֹתָיו — לִשְׁכֹּן בָּדָד, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:
(2) הן עם לבדד ישכן LO, THE PEOPLE SHALL DWELL ALONE — This it is what their ancestors have given them as a prerogative: to dwell in the world alone — as is the sense given to the passage by the Targum (“Lo, this people is alone destined to inherit the world").
ובגוים לא יתחשב. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, לֹא יִהְיוּ נַעֲשִׂין כָּלָה עִם שְׁאָר הָאֻמּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו ל') "כִּי אֶעֱשֶׂה כָלָה בְּכָל הַגּוֹיִם" וְגוֹ', אֵינָן נִמְנִין עִם הַשְּׁאָר. דָּ"אַ — כְּשֶׁהֵן שְׂמֵחִין אֵין אֻמָּה שְׂמֵחָה עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "ה' בָּדָד יַנְחֶנּוּ" (דברים ל"ב), וּכְשֶׁהָאֻמּוֹת בְּטוֹבָה הֵן אוֹכְלִין עִם כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד וְאֵין עוֹלֶה לָהֶם מִן הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְזֶהוּ ובגוים לא יתחשב (תנחומא):
ובגוים לא יתחשב AND SHALL NOT RECKON ITSELF AMONG THE NATIONS — Understand this as the Targum does — They will not be exterminated with the other nations, as it is said, ( 30:11) “For I will make a full end of all the nations [… but I will not make a full end of thee]”. The words therefore mean: They do not come under the same reckoning (לא יתחשב) with other nations. — Another explanation is: When they rejoice, no other nation rejoices with them, as it is said, (Deuteronomy 32:12) “The Lord will lead him alone to future bliss”, and when the nations are in prosperity they (the Israelites) eat with each one of them and yet it is not taken into account or them thereby to diminish their reward in the future life; and this is the meaning of ובגוים לא יתחשב (“and when they enjoy with the nations it is not taken into account) (Midrash Tanchuma, Balak 12).

(א) אֵיכָ֣ה ׀ יָשְׁבָ֣ה בָדָ֗ד הָעִיר֙ רַבָּ֣תִי עָ֔ם הָיְתָ֖ה כְּאַלְמָנָ֑ה רַבָּ֣תִי בַגּוֹיִ֗ם שָׂרָ֙תִי֙ בַּמְּדִינ֔וֹת הָיְתָ֖ה לָמַֽס׃ {ס}

(1) Alas!
Lonely sits the city
Once great with people!
She that was great among nations
Is become like a widow;
The princess among states
Is become a thrall.

(מו) כׇּל־יְמֵ֞י אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַנֶּ֥גַע בּ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א טָמֵ֣א ה֑וּא בָּדָ֣ד יֵשֵׁ֔ב מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה מוֹשָׁבֽוֹ׃ {ס}

(46) The person shall be impure as long as the disease is present. Being impure, that person shall dwell apart—in a dwelling outside the camp.

(יח) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ה' אֱלֹקִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּ֥וֹ עֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃

(18) God ה' said, “It is not good for the Human to be alone; I will make a fitting counterpart for him.”
אמר רבי אבא בר כהנא כולם חזרו לקללה חוץ מבתי כנסיות ומבתי מדרשות שנאמר (דברים כג, ו) ויהפוך ה' אלהיך לך את הקללה לברכה כי אהבך ה' אלהיך קללה ולא קללות
Rabbi Abba bar Kahana says: All of the blessings ultimately reverted to be fulfilled as the curse that he originally intended, as all of those circumstances befell the Jewish people, except for the destruction of synagogues and study halls, as it is stated: “And the Lord your God transformed the curse into a blessing for you, because the Lord your God loved you” (Deuteronomy 23:6). A curse in the singular, not curses in the plural, was transformed permanently.

הן עם לבדד ישכון. לא כדרך כל אומה ולשון כשהולכים בגולה ומתערבים עם המגלים אותם משיגים בזה אהבה וחשיבות כל אחד בעיניהם יותר משהיו נפרדים מהם. אבל לא כן עם ישראל כשהוא לבדד. ואינו מתערב עמהם ישכון במנוחה ובכבוד. וראו כל עמי הארץ כי שם ה׳ נקרא עליו ואין איש מתחרה עמו:

For every other nation, when its people went into exile and assimilated into the dominant culture, they found acceptance and respect. With Jews, the opposite was the case. In exile, when they remained true to their faith and way of life, they found themselves able to live at peace with their gentile neighbors. When they tried to assimilate, they found themselves despised and reviled. (Translation by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Judaism's Life-Changing Ideas, p. 224-225.)

For some early Zionists, Zeev Jabotinsky and his Revisionist party in particular... argued that Jews could not rely on non-Jews for their physical and economic wellbeing. We will always be alone, they claimed, and the only way for us to survive is with our own state and enough power to defend ourselves, because we cannot rely on anyone else...

However, it’s important to remember that other early Zionists, including Theodor Herzl, Ahad Ha’am, and Martin Buber, saw the establishment of the state as an opportunity to enter into the family of nations. By agreeing to be held to the universalist standards of nationhood, they claimed, we would gain respect and also make friends, so that we would never again be alone in our struggles...

127 years after the 1st Zionist Congress, 76 years after the establishment of the democratic State of Israel, we are no longer a nation set apart. We have friends, allies, and defenders. That acceptance isn’t free; those friends also push us to live up to the other half of the bargain that is joining the family of nations: When we decide not to be alone, when we decide to be in community, that means that others will make demands of us, both in order to maintain the community itself and in order to strengthen its foundations. We must hold ourselves to moral standards, and make decisions that lead our society, our dependents, and the region as a whole toward equality, stability, and prosperity.

Rabbi Shoshana Cohen, Hartman Institute (https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/a-people-dwelling-apart-no-longer/)

To be different is not necessarily to be alone. Indeed, it is only by being what we uniquely are that we contribute to humankind what we alone can give. Singular, distinctive, countercultural – yes: these are part of the Jewish condition. But alone? No. That is not a blessing but a curse.

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks