Va'etchanan is the portion that begins talking in earnest about Moshe's death.
~ What are the differences between the first and second pieces in our portion?
~ What do you think Moshe is feeling?
(1) Moses went up from the steppes of Moab to Mount Nebo, to the summit of Pisgah, opposite Jericho, and ה׳ showed him the whole land: Gilead as far as Dan; (2) all Naphtali; the land of Ephraim and Manasseh; the whole land of Judah as far as the Western Sea; (3) the Negeb; and the Plain—the Valley of Jericho, the city of palm trees—as far as Zoar. (4) And ה׳ said to him, “This is the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, ‘I will assign it to your offspring.’ I have let you see it with your own eyes, but you shall not cross there.” (5) So Moses the servant of ה׳ died there, in the land of Moab, at the command of ה׳. (6) [God] buried him in the valley in the land of Moab, near Beth-peor; and no one knows his burial place to this day. (7) Moses was a hundred and twenty years old when he died; his eyes were undimmed and his vigor unabated. (8) And the Israelites bewailed Moses in the steppes of Moab for thirty days. The period of wailing and mourning for Moses came to an end.
~ The last three portions are fairly short, and in them Moshe's death is highlighted a few more times.
~ Is there a difference between how the beginning of the book and the end deal with his death, in your opinion?
~ What could Moshe be feeling at those passages, that is different from the pieces of our portion?
Five stages, according to Elizabeth Kluber-Ross:
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
These stages are not supposed to be seen as a prescriptive positive development, meaning, it is not supposed to be a clear cut staircase. We are not supposed to move through this timetable - this is what is available if the patient has enough time to deal with her or his death. The same 5 stages are seen as applicable to deal with loss in general.
Note that EKR herself had a very hard time with her own impending death, and was stuck in anger. (see Radiolab's podcast "The Queen of Dying" - https://radiolab.org/podcast/queen-dying/transcript
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, עֶשֶׂר מִיתוֹת כְּתוּבוֹת עָלָיו עַל משֶׁה, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: הֵן קָרְבוּ יָמֶיךָ לָמוּת: (דברים לב, נ): וּמֻת בָּהָר: (דברים ד, כב): כִּי אָנֹכִי מֵת: (דברים לא, כט): כִּי יָדַעְתִּי אַחֲרֵי מוֹתִי: (דברים ד, כז): וְאַף כִּי אַחֲרֵי מוֹתִי: (דברים לג, א): לִפְנֵי מוֹתוֹ, (דברים לד, ז): בֶּן מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה בְּמֹתוֹ: (דברים לד, ה): וַיָּמָת שָׁם משֶׁה עֶבֶד ה׳: (יהושע א, א): וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי מוֹת משֶׁה: (יהושע א, ב): משֶׁה עַבְדִּי מֵת. מְלַמֵּד שֶׁעַד עֲשָׂרָה פְּעָמִים נִגְזַר עָלָיו שֶׁלֹא יִכָּנֵס לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲדַיִן לֹא נִתְחַתֵּם גְּזַר הַדִּין הַקָּשֶׁה עַד שֶׁנִּגְלָה עָלָיו בֵּית דִּין הַגָּדוֹל, אָמַר לוֹ, גְּזֵרָה הִיא מִלְּפָנַי שֶׁלֹא תַעֲבֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ג, כז): כִּי לֹא תַעֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְדָבָר זֶה הָיָה קַל בְּעֵינָיו שֶׁל משֶׁה, שֶׁאָמַר, יִשְׂרָאֵל חָטְאוּ חֲטָאוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת כַּמָּה פְּעָמִים, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁבִּקַּשְׁתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם רַחֲמִים מִיָּד קִבֵּל מִמֶּנִּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ט, יד): הֶרֶף מִמֶּנִי וְאַשְׁמִידֵם, מַה כְּתִיב תַּמָּן (שמות לב, יד): וַיִּנָּחֶם ה׳ עַל הָרָעָה. (במדבר יד, יב): אַכֶּנּוּ בַדֶּבֶר וְאוֹרִשֶׁנוּ, מַה כְּתִיב תַּמָּן (במדבר יד, כ): וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ סָלַחְתִּי וגו', אֲנִי שֶׁלֹא חָטָאתִי מִנְּעוּרַי לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן כְּשֶׁאֶתְפַּלֵּל עַל עַצְמִי שֶׁיְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנִּי,
וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁקַּל הַדָּבָר בְּעֵינָיו שֶׁל משֶׁה וְאֵינוֹ עוֹמֵד בִּתְפִלָּה, מִיָּד קָפַץ עָלָיו וְנִשְׁבַּע בִּשְׁמוֹ הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁלֹא יִכָּנֵס לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כ, יב): לָכֵן לֹא תָבִיאוּ אֶת הַקָּהָל הַזֶּה, אֵין לָכֵן אֶלָּא שְׁבוּעָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א ג, יד): וְלָכֵן נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְבֵית עֵלִי. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה משֶׁה שֶׁנֶּחְתַּם עָלָיו גְּזַר דִּין, גָּזַר עָלָיו תַּעֲנִית וְעָג עוּגָה קְטַנָּה וְעָמַד בְּתוֹכָהּ, וְאָמַר, אֵינִי זָז מִכָּאן עַד שֶׁתְּבַטֵּל אוֹתָהּ גְּזֵרָה. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה מֶה עָשָׂה משֶׁה, לָבַשׁ שַׂק וְנִתְעַטֵּף שַׂק וְנִתְפַּלֵּשׁ בָּאֵפֶר וְעָמַד בִּתְפִלָּה וּבְתַחֲנוּנִים לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, עַד שֶׁנִּזְדַּעְזְעוּ שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ וְסִדְּרֵי בְּרֵאשִׁית, וְאָמְרוּ שֶׁמָּא הִגִּיעַ צִבְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְחַדֵּשׁ אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה, עֲדַיִן לֹא הִגִּיעַ צִבְיוֹנוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְחַדֵּשׁ אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, אֶלָּא (איוב יב, י): אֲשֶׁר בְּיָדוֹ נֶפֶשׁ כָּל חָי וְרוּחַ כָּל בְּשַׂר אִישׁ, וְאֵין אִישׁ אֶלָּא משֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יב, ג): וְהָאִישׁ משֶׁה עָנָו מְאֹד מִכָּל הָאָדָם אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה.
מֶה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה, הִכְרִיז בְּכָל שַׁעַר וְשַׁעַר שֶׁל רָקִיעַ וְרָקִיעַ בְּכָל בֵּית דִּין וּבֵין דִּין שֶׁלֹא יְקַבְּלוּ תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה וְלֹא יַעֲלוּ אוֹתָהּ לְפָנָיו, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנֶּחְתַּם עָלָיו גְּזַר דִּין, אוֹתוֹ מַלְאָךְ שֶׁמְמֻנֶּה עַל הַכְרָזָה אכזריאל שְׁמוֹ, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה קָרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּבֶהָלָה וְאָמַר לָהֶם לְמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת רְדוּ בְּבֶהָלָה וְנַעֲלוּ כָּל שַׁעֲרֵי רָקִיעַ וְרָקִיעַ, שֶׁגָּבַר קוֹל הַתְּפִלָּה כְּלַפֵּי מַעְלָה וּבִקְּשׁוּ לַעֲלוֹת הָרָקִיעַ מִפְּנֵי קוֹל תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, שֶׁהָיְתָה תְּפִלָּתוֹ דּוֹמָה לְחֶרֶב שֶׁהוּא קוֹרֵעַ וְחוֹתֵךְ וְאֵינוֹ מְעַכֵּב, שֶׁהָיְתָה תְּפִלָּתוֹ מֵעֵין שֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ שֶׁלָּמַד מִן זגזגאל רַב סוֹפֵר שֶׁל בְּנֵי מָרוֹם, עַל אוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה הוּא אוֹמֵר (יחזקאל ג, יב): וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה׳ מִמְקוֹמוֹ. וְאֵין רַעַשׁ אֶלָּא זִיעַ, וְאֵין גָּדוֹל אֶלָּא משֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יא, ג): גַּם הָאִישׁ משֶׁה גָּדוֹל מְאֹד בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּעֵינֵי עַבְדֵּי פַרְעֹה וּבְעֵינֵי הָעָם, מַהוּ בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה׳ מִמְקוֹמוֹ, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁרָאוּ גַּלְגַּלֵּי מֶרְכָּבָה וְשַׂרְפֵי לֶהָבָה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא תְּקַבְּלוּ תְּפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וְלֹא נָשָׂא לוֹ פָּנִים וְלֹא נָתַן לוֹ חַיִּים, וְלֹא הִכְנִיסוֹ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אָמְרוּ בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד ה׳ מִמְקוֹמוֹ, שֶׁאֵין לְפָנָיו מַשֹּׂוֹא פָנִים לֹא לְקָטָן וְלֹא לְגָדוֹל. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁהִתְפַּלֵּל משֶׁה בְּאוֹתוֹ הַפֶּרֶק חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר פְּעָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ג, כג): וָאֶתְחַנַּן אֶל ה׳ בָּעֵת הַהִוא לֵאמֹר, וָאֶתְחַנַּן בְּגִימַטְרִיָּא הָכֵי הֲוֵי. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר משֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, גָּלוּי וְיָדוּעַ לְפָנֶיךָ יְגִיעִי וְצַעֲרִי שֶׁנִּצְטַעַרְתִּי עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מַאֲמִינִים לִשְׁמֶךָ, כַּמָּה צַעַר נִצְטַעַרְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם בַּמִּצְוֹת עַד שֶׁקָּבַעְתִּי לָהֶן תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת, אָמַרְתִּי כְּשֶׁרָאִיתִי בְּצָרָתָן כָּךְ אֶרְאֶה בְּטוֹבָתָן, וְעַכְשָׁו שֶׁהִגִּיעַ טוֹבָתָן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, אַתָּה אוֹמֵר לִי לֹא תַעֲבֹר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן הַזֶּה, הֲרֵי אַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה תּוֹרָתְךָ פְּלַסְתֵּר, דִּכְתִיב (דברים כד, טו): בְּיוֹמוֹ תִּתֵּן שְׂכָרוֹ וְלֹא תָבוֹא עָלָיו הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ כִּי עָנִי הוּא וְאֵלָיו הוּא נוֹשֵׂא אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ וְלֹא יִקְרָא עָלֶיךָ אֶל ה׳ וְהָיָה בְךָ חֵטְא, זוֹ הִיא שִׁלּוּם עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה שֶׁעָמַלְתִּי עַד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ עַם קָדוֹשׁ וְנֶאֱמָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (הושע יב, א): וִיהוּדָה עֹד רָד עִם אֵל וְעִם קְדוֹשִׁים נֶאֱמָן.
מַלְאָךְ סמא''ל הָרָשָׁע רֹאשׁ כָּל הַשְֹּׂטָנִים הוּא, בְּכָל שָׁעָה הָיָה מְסַפֵּר מִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וְאוֹמֵר מָתַי יַגִּיעַ הַקֵּץ אוֹ הָרֶגַע שֶׁבּוֹ יָמוּת משֶׁה שֶׁאֵרֵד וֶאֱטֹל נִשְׁמָתוֹ הֵימֶנּוּ, וְעָלָיו אָמַר דָּוִד (תהלים לז, לב): צוֹפֶה רָשָׁע לַצַּדִּיק וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לַהֲמִיתוֹ, אֵין לְךָ רָשָׁע בְּכָל הַשְֹּׂטָנִים כֻּלָּן כְּסמא''ל, וְאֵין לְךָ צַדִּיק בְּכָל הַנְּבִיאִים כְּמשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לד, י): וְלֹא קָם נָבִיא עוֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמשֶׁה אֲשֶׁר יְדָעוֹ ה׳ פָּנִים אֶל פָּנִים, מָשָׁל לְמָה הַדָּבָר דּוֹמֶה לְאָדָם שֶׁנִּזְדַּמֵּן לִסְעוּדַת חָתָן וְכַלָּה, וְהָיָה אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ מְצַפֶּה וְאוֹמֵר מָתַי יַגִּיעַ שִׂמְחָתָם וְאֶשְׂמְחָה בָהּ, כָּךְ הָיָה סמא''ל הָרָשָׁע מְצַפֶּה נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה וְאוֹמֵר מָתַי יִהְיֶה מִיכָאֵל בּוֹכֶה וַאֲנִי מְמַלֵּא פִּי שְׂחוֹק, עַד שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ מִיכָאֵל מָה רָשָׁע אֲנִי בּוֹכֶה וְאַתָּה מְשַׂחֵק (מיכה ז, ח): אַל תִּשְׂמְחִי אֹיַבְתִּי לִי כִּי נָפַלְתִּי קַמְתִּי כִּי אֵשֵׁב בַּחשֶׁךְ ה׳ אוֹר לִי, כִּי נָפַלְתִּי מִפְּטִירָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה קַמְתִּי מִפַּרְנָסָתוֹ שֶׁל יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִפִּיל ל''א מְלָכִים. כִּי אֵשֵׁב בַּחשֶׁךְ בְּחֻרְבַּן בַּיִת רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחֲרוֹן, ה׳ אוֹר לִי לִימוֹת הַמָּשִׁיחַ,
עַד כָּאן עָלְתָה לְמשֶׁה שָׁעָה אֶחָת, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר משֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, אִם אֵין אַתָּה מַכְנִיס אוֹתִי לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, הַנִּיחַ אוֹתִי בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְאֶחְיֶה וְלֹא אָמוּת. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה, אִם לֹא אֲמִיתְךָ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הֵיאַךְ אֲחַיְךָ לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה תּוֹרָתִי פְּלַסְתֵּר, שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּתוֹרָתִי עַל יָדֶךָ (דברים לב, לט): וְאֵין מִיָּדִי מַצִּיל. אָמַר משֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, אִם אֵין אַתָּה מַכְנִיס אוֹתִי לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הַנִּיחַ אוֹתִי כְּחַיּוֹת הַשָֹּׂדֶה שֶׁהֵן אוֹכְלִין עֲשָׂבִים וְשׁוֹתִין מַיִם וְחַיִּין וְרוֹאִין אֶת הָעוֹלָם, כָּךְ תְּהֵא נַפְשִׁי כְּאַחַת מֵהֶן. אָמַר לוֹ (דברים ג, כו): רַב לָךְ. אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם וְאִם לָאו, הַנִּיחַ אוֹתִי בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה כָּעוֹף הַזֶּה שֶׁהוּא פּוֹרֵחַ בְּכָל אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הָעוֹלָם וּמְלַקֵּט מְזוֹנוֹ בְּכָל יוֹם, וּלְעֵת הָעֶרֶב חוֹזֵר לְקִנּוֹ, כָּךְ תְּהֵא נַפְשִׁי כְּאַחַת מֵהֶן. אָמַר לוֹ, רַב לָךְ, מַהוּ רַב לָךְ, אָמַר לוֹ רַב לָךְ אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתָּ. כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה משֶׁה שֶׁאֵין בְּרִיָה יְכוֹלָה לְהַצִּילוֹ מִדֶּרֶךְ הַמָּוֶת, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר (דברים לב, ד): הַצּוּר תָּמִים פָּעֳלוֹ כִּי כָל דְּרָכָיו מִשְׁפָּט אֵל אֱמוּנָה וְאֵין עָוֶל צַדִּיק וְיָשָׁר הוּא. מֶה עָשָׂה משֶׁה נָטַל אֶת הַמְגִלָּה וְכָתַב עָלֶיהָ שֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ, וְסֵפֶר הַשִּׁיר עֲדַיִן לֹא מִלֵּא לִכְתֹּב עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ הָרֶגַע שֶׁבּוֹ יָמוּת משֶׁה, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְגַבְרִיאֵל, גַּבְרִיאֵל, צֵא וְהָבֵא נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, מִי שֶׁהוּא שָׁקוּל כְּנֶגֶד שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא אֵיךְ אֲנִי יָכוֹל לִרְאוֹת בְּמוֹתוֹ, וּמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ אֵיךְ אֲנִי יָכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ קֶצֶף. וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמַר לוֹ לְמִיכָאֵל, צֵא וְהָבֵא נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, אָמַר לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, אֲנִי הָיִיתִי לוֹ רַב וְהוּא הָיָה לִי לְתַלְמִיד, וְלֹא יָכוֹל אֲנִי לִרְאוֹת בְּמוֹתוֹ. וְאַחַר כָּךְ אָמַר לְסמא''ל הָרָשָׁע, צֵא וְהָבֵא נְשָׁמָה שֶׁל משֶׁה, מִיָּד לָבַשׁ כַּעַס וְחָגַר חַרְבּוֹ וְנִתְעַטֵּף אַכְזָרִיּוּת וְהָלַךְ לִקְרָאתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה אוֹתוֹ שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב וְכוֹתֵב שֵׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ, וְזֹהַר מַרְאֵהוּ דּוֹמֶה לַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְהוּא דּוֹמֶה לְמַלְאַךְ ה׳ צְבָאוֹת, הָיָה מִתְיָרֵא סמא''ל מִן משֶׁה, אָמַר וַדַּאי שֶׁאֵין הַמַּלְאָכִים יְכוֹלִין לִטֹּל נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וְטֶרֶם שֶׁהֶרְאָה סמא''ל אֶת עַצְמוֹ לְמשֶׁה, הָיָה משֶׁה יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁבָּא סמא''ל, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאָה סמא''ל אֶת משֶׁה אֲחָזַתּוּ רְעָדָה וְחִיל כַּיּוֹלֵדָה, וְלֹא מָצָא פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה לְדַבֵּר עִם משֶׁה, עַד שֶׁאָמַר משֶׁה לְסמא''ל (ישעיה מח, כב): אֵין שָׁלוֹם אָמַר ה׳ לָרְשָׁעִים, מַה תַּעֲשֶׂה בְּכָאן, אָמַר לוֹ לִטֹּל נִשְׁמָתְךָ בָּאתִי, אָמַר לוֹ מִי שִׁגְרְךָ, אָמַר לוֹ מִי שֶׁבָּרָא אֶת כָּל הַבְּרִיּוֹת. אָמַר לוֹ, אֵין אַתָּה נוֹטֵל נִשְׁמָתִי. אָמַר לוֹ כָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם נִשְׁמָתָן מְסוּרִין לְיָדִי, אָמַר לוֹ, יֵשׁ בִּי כֹּחַ מִכָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם. אָמַר לוֹ, מַה כֹּחֲךָ, אָמַר לוֹ אֲנִי בֶּן עַמְרָם שֶׁיָּצָאתִי מִמְּעֵי אִמִּי מָהוּל, וְלֹא נִצְרַכְתִּי לְמָהֳלֵנִי, וּבוֹ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנּוֹלַדְתִּי מָצָאתִי פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה, וְהָלַכְתִּי בְרַגְלַי, וְדִבַּרְתִּי עִם אָבִי וְאִמִּי, וַאֲפִלּוּ חָלָב לֹא יָנַקְתִּי, וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי בֶּן שְׁלשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים הִתְנַבֵּאתִי וְאָמַרְתִּי שֶׁעָתִיד אֲנִי לְקַבֵּל תּוֹרָה מִתּוֹךְ לַהֲבֵי אֵשׁ. וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי מְהַלֵּךְ בַּחוּץ נִכְנַסְתִּי לְפַלְטְרִין שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ וְנָטַלְתִּי כֶּתֶר מֵעַל רֹאשׁוֹ, וּכְשֶׁהָיִיתִי בֶּן שְׁמוֹנִים שָׁנָה עָשִׂיתִי אוֹתוֹת וּמוֹפְתִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְהוֹצֵאתִי שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא לְעֵינֵי כָּל מִצְרַיִם, וְקָרַעְתִּי אֶת הַיָּם לִשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר קְרָעִים, וְהָפַכְתִּי מֵי מָרָה לְמָתוֹק, וְעָלִיתִי וְדָרַכְתִּי דֶּרֶךְ בַּשָּׁמַיִם, וְהָיִיתִי תּוֹפֵס בְּמִלְחַמְתָּן שֶׁל מַלְאָכִים, וְקִבַּלְתִּי תּוֹרָה שֶׁל אֵשׁ, וְדַרְתִּי תַּחַת כִּסֵּא אֵשׁ, וְסֻכָּתִי תַּחַת עַמּוּד אֵשׁ, וְדִבַּרְתִּי עִמּוֹ פָּנִים בְּפָנִים, וְנָצַחְתִּי בְּפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַעְלָה, וְגִלִּיתִי רָזֵיהֶם לִבְנֵי אָדָם, וְקִבַּלְתִּי תּוֹרָה מִימִינוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְלִמַּדְתִּי אוֹתָהּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְעָשִׂיתִי מִלְחָמָה עִם סִיחוֹן וְעִם עוֹג שְׁנֵי גִּבּוֹרֵי עוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת הַמַּבּוּל לֹא הִגִּיעוּ מַיִם לְקַרְסֻלֵּיהֶן מִפְּנֵי גָּבְהָן, וְהֶעֱמַדְתִּי חַמָּה וּלְבָנָה בְּרוּם עוֹלָם, וְהִכִּיתִים בַּמַּטֶּה שֶׁבְּיָדִי וַהֲרַגְתִּים. מִי יֵשׁ בְּבָאֵי עוֹלָם שֶׁיָּכוֹל לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן, לֵךְ רָשָׁע מִכָּאן אֵין לְךָ לוֹמַר כֵּן, לֵךְ בְּרַח מִלְּפָנַי, אֵינִי נוֹתֵן נִשְׁמָתִי לְךָ. מִיָּד חָזַר סמא''ל וְהֵשִׁיב דָּבָר לִפְנֵי הַגְּבוּרָה. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ לִסמא''ל, בּוֹא וְהָבֵא נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, מִיָּד שָׁלַף חַרְבּוֹ מִתַּעֲרוֹ וְעָמַד עַל משֶׁה, מִיָּד קָצַף עָלָיו משֶׁה וְנָטַל אֶת הַמַּטֶּה בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁחָקוּק בּוֹ שֵׁם הַמְּפֹרָשׁ וּפָגַע בּוֹ בִּסמא''ל בְּכָל כֹּחוֹ, עַד שֶׁנָּס מִלְּפָנָיו, וְרָץ אַחֲרָיו בַּשֵּׁם הַמְפֹרָשׁ וְנָטַל קֶרֶן הוֹדוֹ מִבֵּין עֵינָיו וְעִוֵּר אֶת עֵינָיו, עַד כָּאן עָלְתָה לְמשֶׁה. סוֹף רֶגַע יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה, הִגִּיעַ סוֹף מִיתָתֶךָ. אָמַר משֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם זְכֹר אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שֶׁנִּגְלֵיתָ עָלַי בַּסְנֶה וְאָמַרְתָּ לִי (שמות ג, י): לְכָה וְאֶשְׁלָחֲךָ אֶל פַּרְעֹה וְהוֹצֵא אֶת עַמִּי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָיִם, זְכֹר אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שֶׁהָיִיתִי עוֹמֵד עַל הַר סִינַי אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וְאַרְבָּעִים לַיְלָה, בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִמְּךָ אַל תִּמְסְרֵנִי בְּיַד מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת. יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה לוֹ אַל תִּתְיָרֵא, אֲנִי בְּעַצְמִי מְטַפֵּל בְּךָ וּבִקְבוּרָתֶךָ. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה עָמַד משֶׁה וְקִדֵּשׁ עַצְמוֹ כַּשְֹּׂרָפִים וְיָרַד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מִשְּׁמֵי שָׁמַיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים לִטֹּל נִשְׁמָתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וּשְׁלשָׁה מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת עִמּוֹ, מִיכָאֵל וְגַבְרִיאֵל וְזגזגאל, מִיכָאֵל הִצִּיעַ מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, וְגַבְרִיאֵל פֵּרַס בֶּגֶד שֶׁל בּוּץ מְרַאֲשׁוֹתָיו, וְזגזגאל מַרְגְּלוֹתָיו, מִיכָאֵל מִצַּד אֶחָד וְגַבְרִיאֵל מִצַּד אֶחָד, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה, משֶׁה הַשְׁקֵף עֵינֶיךָ זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, וְהִשְׁקִיף עֵינָיו זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, אָמַר לוֹ הַנַּח יָדְךָ עַל הֶחָזֶה, וְהִנִּיחַ יָדוֹ עַל הֶחָזֶה, אָמַר לוֹ הַקֵּף רַגְלֶיךָ זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, הִקִּיף רַגְלָיו זֶה עַל גַּב זֶה, בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה קָרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַנְּשָׁמָה מִתּוֹךְ גּוּפוֹ, אָמַר לָהּ בִּתִּי מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה קְצַבְתִּיךְ הֱיוֹתֵךְ בְּגוּפוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, עַכְשָׁו הִגִּיעַ קִצֵּךְ לָצֵאת, צְאִי אַל תְּאַחֲרִי. אָמְרָה לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, יוֹדַעַת אֲנִי שֶׁאַתָּה אֱלֹהַּ כָּל הָרוּחוֹת וְכָל הַנְּפָשׁוֹת, נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיִּים וְהַמֵּתִים מְסוּרִין בְּיָדֶךָ, וְאַתָּה בְּרָאתַנִי וְאַתָּה יְצַרְתַּנִי וְאַתָּה נְתַתַּנִי בְּגוּפוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה, וְעַכְשָׁו יֵשׁ גּוּף טָהוֹר בָּעוֹלָם יוֹתֵר מִגּוּפוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה, שֶׁלֹא נִרְאָה בּוֹ רוּחַ סְרוּחָה מֵעוֹלָם, וְלֹא רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה, לָכֵן אֲנִי אוֹהֶבֶת אוֹתוֹ וְאֵינִי רוֹצָה לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ. אָמַר לָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, נְשָׁמָה, צְאִי אַל תְּאַחֲרִי וַאֲנִי מַעֲלֶה אוֹתָךְ לִשְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, וַאֲנִי מוֹשִׁיבֵךְ תַּחַת כִּסֵּא כְבוֹדִי אֵצֶל כְּרוּבִים וּשְׂרָפִים וּגְדוּדִים. אָמְרָה לְפָנָיו, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, מֵאֵצֶל שְׁכִינָתְךָ מִמָּרוֹם יָרְדוּ שְׁנֵי מַלְאָכִים עֻזָּה וַעֻזָּאֵל וְחָמְדוּ בְּנוֹת אֲרָצוֹת וְהִשְׁחִיתוּ דַּרְכָּם עַל הָאָרֶץ עַד שֶׁתָּלִיתָ אוֹתָם בֵּין הָאָרֶץ לָרָקִיעַ, אֲבָל בֶּן עַמְרָם מִיּוֹם שֶׁנִּגְלֵיתָ אֵלָיו בַּסְּנֶה לֹא בָּא לְאִשְׁתּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יב, א): וַתְּדַבֵּר מִרְיָם וְאַהֲרֹן בְּמשֶׁה עַל אֹדוֹת הָאִשָּׁה הַכֻּשִּׁית אֲשֶׁר לָקָח כִּי אִשָּׁה כֻשִּׁית לָקָח, בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִמְּךָ תַּנִּיחֵנִי בְּגוּפוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה נְשָׁקוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְנָטַל נִשְׁמָתוֹ בִּנְשִׁיקַת פֶּה, וְהָיָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בּוֹכֶה (תהלים צד, טז): מִי יָקוּם לִי עִם מְרֵעִים מִי יִתְיַצֵּב לִי עִם פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן, וְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ אוֹמֵר (דברים לד, י): וְלֹא קָם נָבִיא עוֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל כְּמשֶׁה. שָׁמַיִם בּוֹכִין וְאוֹמְרִים (מיכה ז, ב): אָבַד חָסִיד מִן הָאָרֶץ. אֶרֶץ בּוֹכָה וְאוֹמֶרֶת (מיכה ז, ב): וְיָשָׁר בָּאָדָם אָיִן. וּכְשֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ רַבּוֹ וְלֹא מְצָאוֹ הָיָה בּוֹכֶה וְאוֹמֵר (תהלים יב, ב): הוֹשִׁיעָה ה׳ כִּי גָּמַר חָסִיד כִּי פַסּוּ אֱמוּנִים מִבְּנֵי אָדָם, וּמַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת אוֹמְרִים (דברים לג, כא): צִדְקַת ה׳ עָשָׂה, וְיִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (דברים לג, כא): וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (ישעיה נז, ב): יָבוֹא שָׁלוֹם יָנוּחוּ עַל מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם הֹלֵךְ נְכֹחוֹ, (משלי י, ז): זֵכֶר צַדִּיק לִבְרָכָה וְנִשְׁמָתוֹ לְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם הַבָּא. אָמֵן כֵּן יְהִי רָצוֹן, (תהלים פט, נג): בָּרוּךְ ה׳ לְעוֹלָם אָמֵן וְאָמֵן.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Ten “deaths” are written in Moses’s regard, and these are: “Behold, your time to die is approaching” (Deuteronomy 31:14); “die on the mountain” (Deuteronomy 32:50); “for I will die ” (Deuteronomy 4:22); “for I know, after my death” (Deuteronomy 31:29); “and so, too, after my death” (Deuteronomy 31:27); “before his death” (Deuteronomy 33:1); “one hundred and tweny years old upon his death” (Deuteronomy 34:7); “Moses, the servant of God, died there” (Deuteronomy 34:5); “it was after Moses’s death” (Joshua 1:1); “Moses My servant died” (Joshua 1:2). It teaches that as many as ten times it was decreed against him that he would not enter the Land of Israel, but his harsh sentence was not sealed until the High Court revealed itself to him. He [God] said to him: ‘It is a decree from before Me that you will not cross,’ as it is stated: “For you will not cross the Jordan” (Deuteronomy 3:27). This matter was not consequential in Moses’s eyes, as he said: ‘Israel performed great sins several times, and when I asked for mercy, He immediately accepted it from Me, as it is stated: “Let Me be, and I will destroy them” (Deuteronomy 9:14). What is written there? “The Lord reconsidered the evil” (Exodus 32:14). “I will smite them with the pestilence, and I will destroy them” (Numbers 14:12). What is written there? “The Lord said: “I have pardoned…” (Numbers 14:20); I, who have not sinned since my youth, all the more so that when I pray for myself, He will accept it from me.’
When the Holy One blessed be He saw that the matter was inconsequential in Moses’s eyes, and that he was not standing in prayer, He immediately seized the opportunity and took an oath in His great Name that he [Moses] would not enter the Land of Israel, as it is stated: “Therefore [lakhen], you will not bring this assembly [into the land that I have given them]” (Numbers 20:12), and lakhen is nothing other than an oath, as it is stated: “Therefore, I have taken an oath to the house of Eli” (I Samuel 3:14).
When Moses saw that his sentence had been sealed, he decreed a fast upon himself, drew a small circle, stood within it, and said: ‘I am not moving from here until You void this decree.’ At that moment, what did Moses do? He donned sackcloth, wrapped himself in sackcloth, covered himself with ashes, and stood in prayer and supplication before the Holy One blessed be He, until the heavens, the earth, and the order of Creation shook violently, and they said: ‘Perhaps, the desire of the Holy One blessed be He to renew His world has arrived.’ A Divine Voice emerged and said: ‘The desire of the Holy One blessed be He to renew His world has not arrived. Rather: “In whose hand is the life of every living thing, and the spirit of all flesh of man”’ (Job 12:10), and man is no one other than Moses, as it is stated: “The man Moses was very humble, more than any person on the face of the earth” (Numbers 12:3).
What did the Holy One blessed be He do at that moment? He proclaimed at each and every gate of each and every firmament and each and every court that they should not accept Moses’ prayer and they should not take it up before Him, because the decree had been sealed in his regard. The angel who is appointed over proclamation, his name is Akazriel. At that moment, the Holy One blessed be He called in a frenzy, and said to the ministering angels: ‘Descend in a frenzy and lock the gates of each and every firmament,’ as the voice of the prayer was forcing its way upward to the firmament due to the sound of Moses’s prayer, as his prayer was like a sword that rips and cuts and cannot be delayed. His prayer was like the ineffable Name that he learned from Zagzael, the master scribe of the residents of the upper world. Regarding that moment it says: “A wind lifted me, and I heard behind me the sound of a great noise [raash]: Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place” (Ezekiel 3:12). Raash is nothing other than quaking, and great is nothing other than Moses, as it is stated: “The man Moses, too, was very great in the land of Egypt, in the eyes of Pharaoh’s servants and in the eyes of the people” (Exodus 11:3). What is “blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place”? When the wheels of the divine chariot and the seraphs of fire saw that the Holy One blessed be He said: ‘Do not accept Moses’s prayer,’ and He did not show him favor, did not grant him life, and did not allow him to enter the Land of Israel, they said: “Blessed is the glory of the Lord from His place,” as there is no favoritism, neither for the small nor the great.
From where is it derived that Moses prayed during that period five hundred and fifteen times? It is as it is stated: “I pleaded [vaetḥanan] with the Lord at that time, saying” (Deuteronomy 3:23) – that is the numerical value of vaetḥanan. At that moment, Moses said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘Master of the universe, it is revealed and known before You, my exertion, and the suffering that I underwent for Israel, until they would believe in Your Name. How much suffering I underwent for them regarding the mitzvot, until I bolstered the Torah and the mitzvot in them? I said: Just as I saw their trouble, so, I will see their well-being, but now, when the well-being of Israel has arrived, You say to me: “You will not cross this Jordan”? You are rendering Your Torah a forgery, as it is written: “On his day you shall give his wage, and the sun shall not set upon it as he is poor, and he anticipates it, lest he cry out against you to the Lord and it will be a sin in you” (Deuteronomy 24:15). Is this payment for the work of forty years that I toiled, until they would become a sacred and loyal people? As it is stated: “But Judah still ruled with God, and he is faithful to the Holy One” (Hosea 12:1).
The wicked angel Samael was the head of all the accusing angels. Each moment, he would count toward Moses’s death and say: ‘When will the end arrive, the moment when Moses will die, so I can descend and take his soul from him?’ In his regard, David said: “The wicked man looks upon the righteous man and seeks to kill him” (Psalms 37:32). You have none among the accusing angels as wicked as Samael, and you have none among the prophets as righteous as Moses, as it is stated: “There has not arisen another prophet in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face” (Deuteronomy 34:10). To what is the matter comparable? It is to a person who happened upon the feast of a bride and groom, and that person was anticipating and saying: ‘When will their rejoicing arrive and I will rejoice in it?’ So, the wicked Samael was anticipating Moses’s soul, and saying: ‘When will Mikhael weep and I will fill my mouth with laughter?’ Until Mikhael said to him: ‘What, wicked one, will I weep and you laugh? “Do not rejoice, my enemy, over me; though I fell, I will rise; though I sit in darkness, the Lord is a light for me”’ (Micah 7:8). “Though I fell” – due to Moses’ passing, “I will rise” – due to Joshua’s leadership, when he toppled the thirty-one kings. “Though I sit in darkness” – with the destruction of the first and latter Temple, “the Lord is a light for me” – in the messianic era.’
Up to this point, one hour had passed. At that moment, Moses said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘Master of the universe, if you do not take me into the Land of Israel, leave me in this world, and I will live and not die.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: ‘If I do not kill you in this world, how will I revive you in the World to Come? Moreover, you will render My Torah a forgery, as it is written in My Torah by your hand: “There is no deliverer from My hand”’ (Deuteronomy 32:39).
Moses said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘Master of the universe, if you do not take me into the Land of Israel, leave me like the beasts of the field, who eat greenery, drink water, live, and see the world. So, let my soul be like one of them.’ He said to him: “Enough for you, [do not continue to speak to Me of this matter]” (Deuteronomy 3:26). He said before him: ‘Master of the universe, if not, leave me in this world, like this bird that flies in all directions of the world, and gathers its sustenance each day, and in the evening it returns to its nest. So, let my soul be like one of them.’ He said to him: “Enough for you.” What is “enough for you”? He said to him: ‘It is enough for you what you have spoken.’
When Moses saw that no creature could save him from the path of death, at that moment, he said: “The Rock, His actions are perfect, as all His ways are justice; a faithful God and there is no injustice, righteous and upright is He” (Deuteronomy 32:4).
What did Moses do? He took the scroll and wrote on it the ineffable Name and the book of the song. But he did not yet complete it until the moment arrived for Moses to die. At that moment, the Holy One blessed be He said to Gavriel: ‘Gavriel, go out and bring Moses’ soul.’ He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, one who is the equivalent of sixty myriads, how can I see his death? And one who possesses these qualities, how can I act toward him with fury?’ Then He said to Mikhael: ‘Go out and bring Moses soul.’ He said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, I was his teacher, and he was my disciple, and I am not able to see his death.’ Then He said to the wicked Samael: ‘Go out and bring Moses’ soul.’ Immediately, he clothed himself in anger and girded himself with a sword, wrapped himself in cruelty, and went toward Moses. When he saw him that he was sitting and writing the ineffable Name, [that] the aura of his appearance was like the sun, and [that] he resembled an angel of the Lord of hosts, Samael grew fearful of Moses. He said: ‘The angels can certainly not take Moses’ soul.’ Before Samael showed himself to Moses, Moses knew that Samael had come. When Samael saw Moses, a fearful trembling seized him, like the pangs of a woman giving birth, and he was unable to open his mouth to speak to Moses, until Moses said to Samael: ‘“There is no peace, said the Lord, for the wicked” (Isaiah 48:22); what are you doing here?’ He said to him: ‘I came to take your soul.’ He said to him: ‘Who sent you?’ He said to him: ‘The One who created all the creations.’ He said to him: ‘You will not take my soul.’ He said to him: ‘Anyone who comes into the world, their souls are given to me.’ He said to him: ‘'I have greater strength than anyone [else] who comes into the world.’
He said to him: ‘What is your strength?’ He said to him: ‘I am the son of Amram, I emerged circumcised from my mother’s womb, and there was no need to circumcise me. On the day that I was born, I was able to speak, I walked on my feet, I spoke with my father and my mother, and I did not even suck milk. When I was three months old, I prophesied and said that I was destined to receive the Torah from fiery flames. When I was walking outside, I entered the king’s palace and took the crown from upon his head. When I was eighty years old, I performed signs and wonders in Egypt: I took out sixty myriads before the eyes of all Egypt; I split the sea into twelve sections; I sweetened the water of Mara; I ascended and trod a path in the heavens; I engaged in the battle of the angels; I received a Torah of fire; I resided under a throne of fire; took shelter under a pillar of fire; I spoke with Him face to face; I prevailed over the heavenly entourage; I revealed their secrets to humankind; I received Torah from the right [hand] of the Holy One blessed be He, and taught it to Israel. I waged war with Siḥon and with Og, two mighty idol worshippers, who during the Flood, the water did not reach their ankles due to their height. I caused the sun and the moon to stand still in the heights, and I struck them with the staff in my hand and I killed them. Who is there among those who come into the world who can do that? Go from here, wicked one, you must not say that. Go, flee from before me, I will not give my soul to you.’
Immediately, Samael returned and brought the response before the Almighty. The Holy One blessed be He said to Samael: 'Come and bring Moses’ soul.' He immediately drew his sword from his scabbard and stood over Moses. Moses immediately became furious at him, took in his hand his staff, on which the ineffable Name was inscribed, and smote Samael with all his strength, until he fled from before him. He pursued him with the ineffable Name, and removed the beam of glory from between his eyes and blinded his eyes. Until this point, Moses was successful.
A moment later, a Divine Voice emerged and said: ‘The end, your death, has arrived.’
Moses said before the Holy One blessed be He: ‘Master of the universe, remember that day that You revealed Yourself to me at the bush, and said to me: “And now, go, and I will send you to Pharaoh, and take My people, the children of Israel, out of Egypt”? (Exodus 3:10). Remember that day that I was standing upon Mount Sinai for forty days and forty night? I ask You, please, do not hand me over to the angel of death.’ A Divine Voice emerged and said to him: ‘Fear not, I, Myself, will tend to you and to your burial.’ At that moment, Moses stood and sanctified himself, like the seraphs.
The Holy One blessed be He descended from the uppermost heavens of heavens to take Moses’ soul, and there were three ministering angels with him: Mikhael, Gavriel, and Zagzagel: Mikhael prepared Moses’ bier, Gavriel spread a fine linen cloth at his head, and Zagzagel at his feet. Mikhael on one side and Gavriel on one side. The Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: ‘Cover your eyes with your eyelids’ and he covered his eyes with his eyelids. He said to him: ‘Place your hands on your chest,’ and he placed his hands on his chest. He said to him: ‘Place your feet one next to the other.’ He placed his feet one next to the other.
At that moment, the Holy One blessed be He summoned the soul from within his body. He said to it: ‘My daughter, one hundred and twenty years I allotted for your being in Moses’ body. Now, your end has arrived, it is time to leave. Depart, do not delay.’ It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, I know that You are the God of all the spirits and all the souls. The soul of the living and the dead are given into Your hand. You created me, You formed me, and you placed me in Moses’ body for one hundred and twenty years. Now, is there a body in the world purer than Moses’s body? As no putrid wind was ever seen in him, and no worms or maggots. That is why I love it and do not wish to depart from it.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to it: ‘Soul, depart, do not delay, and I will take you up to the uppermost heavens of heavens, I will seat you beneath My Throne of Glory with the cherubs, the seraphs, and the troops.’
It said before Him: ‘Master of the universe, from near your Divine Presence on High, two angels, Uza and Azael, descended and lusted after earthly women and corrupted their way on the earth until you suspended them between the earth and the heavens. But the son of Amram, from the day that You revealed Yourself to him, he did not consort with his wife, as it is stated: “Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses with regard to the Kushite woman whom he had married, for he had married a Kushite woman” (Numbers 12:1). I ask You please: Leave me in Moses’ body.’ At that moment, the Holy One blessed be He kissed him, and took his soul with a kiss on the mouth.
The Holy One blessed be He began weeping: “Who will rise up for me against the wicked? Who will take a stand for me against the evildoers?” (Psalms 94:16). And the Divine Presence says: “There has not arisen another prophet in Israel like Moses” (Deuteronomy 34:10). The heavens weep and say: “The pious one is lost from the land” (Micah 7:2). The earth weeps and says: “The upright among men is no more” (Micah 7:2). When Joshua sought his master but did not find him, he was weeping and saying: “Help, Lord, for the faithful man is no more, for trustworthiness has disappeared from among men” (Psalms 12:2). The ministering angels say: “He executed the righteousness of God” (Deuteronomy 33:21), and Israel said: “And His ordinances with Israel” (Deuteronomy 33:21). These and those were saying: “May he come in peace, may they rest on their resting places, one who walks in his uprightness” (Isaiah 57:2).
“The memory of the righteous is for a blessing” (Proverbs 10:7), and his soul for life in the World to Come. Amen, so, may it be His will. “Blessed be the Lord forever, amen and amen” (Psalms 89:53).
~ The midrash depicts Moshe going through five stages. Can you eek out the five stages? Are they in order?
~ Why does the midrash depict Moshe, someone on whom we project knowing God perfectly, actually not being so keen on dying?
~ What are the other characters, besides Moshe, in this drama?
~ How can we understand the agendas of the different angels?
~ Why does God Godself has to bring Moshe to death?
~ What do the body and soul of Moshe say to God?
~ How does the midrash depict God's emotions regarding Moshe's death? What about the sky, the earth, Joshua and the angels?
~ How does the midrash weave bits and pieces of prayer into a coherent support for its retelling of Moshe's, God's and the angels' reactions to Moshe's death?
"Some of us roll our eyes when our facilitator asks if we’ve heard of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and the five stages of grief. Because of her, I had expected an orderly process from which Eric and I would emerge “accepting” our child’s death. What we found instead was emotional chaos.
But our facilitator defends Kübler-Ross. He asks us to think of her stages of grief as phases that we can move in and out of, sometimes multiple times a day. He invites us to think of denial as more like insulation. I remember being unable to cry for weeks and wondering what was wrong with me. For years afterward the woman who worked at the lunch cart I’d visited when I was pregnant with Seamus would ask about him, and I would say he was fine, calculating what age he would be and throwing in a casual “just a crazy four-year-old doing four-year-old stuff,” and we’d laugh.
When our facilitator suggests we think of anger as protest, I flash back to Eric putting on earsplitting death metal in our garage the week after Seamus died and throwing beer bottles against a wall, shouting, “My buddy’s dead!” Our home was full of people at the time, and they all quietly filed out while I begged Eric to turn the music down and tried to coax him into the house. During a break in the workshop Eric tells me he did not feel angry or out of control in that moment. But I was frightened by his outburst and worried about how it might escalate, so I tried to stop it. If I’d had the word protest in my mind, I might have let him go on. I might have joined him.
As a nonbeliever I figure the bargaining stage doesn’t apply to me. Then our facilitator says bargaining is your brain directing a movie, tinkering with the script, trying to arrive at a different ending, and I go back to my desperate attempts to figure out how to undo what had happened. I always thought of bargaining as a trade you made with your higher power—“Take me instead of him”—a deal I would have taken, but not one that would have resolved the most wrenching aspect of Seamus’s death, which was the separation. I wasn’t trying to trade my life for his; I was trying to solve a vexing problem, to find my missing child. I did not feel in control of this pursuit—my brain was a computer searching, searching, searching, even while I slept. “We are trying to make it be how it used to be,” says our facilitator, and I feel a rush of tears and recognition.
Depression is what it sounds like. Our facilitator describes it as an elevator we ride into the well of acceptance. We don’t want to go down, and we may detour back through denial, anger, or bargaining when we sense where it’s headed."
https://www.thesunmagazine.org/articles/584-staying-tender
Staying Tender - essay by Michelle DuBarry • August 2024 • Sun Magazine