Ilustration Credit: Rivka Tsinman

Prayer /תְּפִלָּה

On Hanukkah when we say the Amidah and Birkat Ha-Mazon, we add a special tefillah called Al Ha-Nissim. In it, we thank God for making amazing miracles for our ancestors, and we retell the story of Hanukkah (one version of it!).
As you read it, consider: What miracles does Al Ha-Nissim describe?
עַל הַנִּסִּים וְעַל הַפֻּרְקָן וְעַל הַגְּבוּרוֹת וְעַל הַתְּשׁוּעוֹת וְעַל הַמִּלְחָמוֹת שֶׁעָשִׂיתָ לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם בַּזְּמַן הַזֶּה.
בִּימֵי מַתִּתְיָהוּ בֶן יוֹחָנָן כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל חַשְׁמוֹנָאִי וּבָנָיו כְּשֶׁעָמְדָה מַלְכוּת יָוָן הָרְשָׁעָה עַל עַמְּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַשְׁכִּיחָם מִתּוֹרָתָךְ וּלְהַעֲבִירָם מֵחֻקֵּי רְצוֹנָךְ.
וְאַתָּה בְּרַחֲמֶיךָ הָרַבִּים עָמַדְתָּ לָהֶם בְּעֵת צָרָתָם רַבְתָּ אֶת רִיבָם דַּנְתָּ אֶת דִּינָם נָקַמְתָּ אֶת נִקְמָתָם מָסַרְתָּ גִבּוֹרִים בְּיַד חַלָּשִׁים וְרַבִּים בְּיַד מְעַטִּים וּטְמֵאִים בְּיַד טְהוֹרִים וּרְשָׁעִים בְּיַד צַדִּיקִים וְזֵדִים בְּיַד עוֹסְקֵי תוֹרָתֶךָ...
We thank You for the miracles, redemption, mighty deeds, salvation, and wars that You waged for our ancestors in those days, on this date.
In the days of Mattityahu son of Yohanan the High Priest and his sons, when wicked Greece stood against Your people Israel to make them forget Your Torah, and to force them to leave Your mitzvot.
In Your great mercy, You rose up for them in their time of trouble; You fought their fight, You judged their case, You avenged their wrong; You handed over the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of the few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and the arrogant into the hands of Torah learners...
  • What miracles are mentioned here, and which one is missing?
  • Compare this to this Gemara - how are these descriptions different from each other?
  • What point of view is each description trying to teach us? Why is it important to have both?