Avos 2:4 וְאַל תַּאֲמִין בְּעַצְמְךָ עַד יוֹם מוֹתְךָ
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הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּפְרֹשׁ מִן הַצִּבּוּר, וְאַל תַּאֲמִין בְּעַצְמְךָ עַד יוֹם מוֹתְךָ, וְאַל תָּדִין אֶת חֲבֵרְךָ עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹמוֹ

He used to say: do His will as though it were your will, so that He will do your will as though it were His. Set aside your will in the face of His will, so that he may set aside the will of others for the sake of your will. Hillel said: do not separate yourself from the community, Do not trust in yourself until the day of your death, Do not judge your fellow man until you have reached his place. Do not say something that cannot be understood [trusting] that in the end it will be understood. Say not: ‘when I shall have leisure I shall study;’ perhaps you will not have leisure.

ואל תאמין בעצמך עד יום מותך. נראה לי שסמך זה לאל תפרוש מן הצבור לומר לך שיש לך תועלת גדולה בהשתתפותך עם הצבור יותר מהיותך שוכני לבדד יום אחד...כי האדם השרוי יחידי יתגבר עליו יצרו מחמת הרהורי עבירה שאין אדם ניצול מהם בכל יום...ואיפשר שיצא לתרבות רעה. ועם הצבור הוא נמלט מזה

אָמְרוּ לוֹ: רַבֵּינוּ, בָּרְכֵנוּ. אָמַר לָהֶם: ״יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתְּהֵא מוֹרָא שָׁמַיִם עֲלֵיכֶם כְּמוֹרָא בָּשָׂר וָדָם״. אָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו: עַד כָּאן? אָמַר לָהֶם: וּלְוַאי, תֵּדְעוּ כְּשֶׁאָדָם עוֹבֵר עֲבֵירָה אוֹמֵר: ״שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאַנִי אָדָם״.
His students said to him: Our teacher, bless us. He said to them: May it be His will that the fear of Heaven shall be upon you like the fear of flesh and blood. His students were puzzled and said: To that point and not beyond? Shouldn’t one fear God more? He said to them: Would that a person achieve that level of fear. Know that when one commits a transgression, he says to himself: I hope that no man will see me. If one is as concerned about avoiding shame before God as he is before man, he will never sin.

אל תאמין בעצמך ובבריאות גופך עד יום מותך, כי אף קודם יום מותך צריך להיות לך לב להבין אולי תמות למחר כי לא תדע מה ילד יום, ושוב אל ה׳ כענין ושוב יום אחד לפני מיתתך... כי כל ימינו עלי ארץ כצל עוף פורח, כי אפשר שהאדם היום בכאן והיום בקבר חס ושלום ולכן ישוב עתה בתשובה:

ואל תאמין בעצמך כלומר אל תאמין שקנית חיי העוה"ב עד יום מותך שאמר ר"ש בן יוחאי ראיתי בני עליה והנה מעטים.

...שהזהיר שלא תאמין בעצמך וחסידותך, שלא תאמר די לי שאשמור המצות הכתובות בתורה לבד ואינו צריך לשמור הגדרים והסייגים שבודאי אני מאמין בעצמי שלא אעבור איסור תורה, אל תאמין בך, לפי שהיצר מפתה ותגע באיסור תורה אם לא תשמור הסייגים:

(אָמַר) רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצְאוּ רוֹב שְׁנוֹתָיו שֶׁל אָדָם וְלֹא חָטָא — שׁוּב אֵינוֹ חוֹטֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״רַגְלֵי חֲסִידָיו יִשְׁמוֹר״

Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Once most of a person’s years have passed and he did not sin, he will never sin, as it is stated: “He will keep the feet of His pious ones” (I Samuel 2:9). Once a person has established himself as righteous, God will keep him from failing thereafter. In the school of Rabbi Sheila they say: Once the opportunity to perform a sinful act presents itself to a person a first time and a second, and he does not sin, he will never sin, as it is stated: “He will keep the feet of His pious ones” (I Samuel 2:9). Once he has refrained from sin several times, he has established himself as pious and God will protect him thereafter.

כָּל הַמַּנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ בִּדְרָכִים אֵלּוּ שֶׁהוֹרִינוּ אֲנִי עָרֵב לוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חֹלִי כָּל יָמָיו עַד שֶׁיַּזְקִין הַרְבֵּה וְיָמוּת וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְרוֹפֵא. וְיִהְיֶה גּוּפוֹ שָׁלֵם וְעוֹמֵד עַל בֻּרְיוֹ כָּל יָמָיו. אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן...אוֹ אִם תָּבוֹא מַכַּת דֶּבֶר אוֹ מַכַּת בַּצֹּרֶת לָעוֹלָם:

Whoever conducts himself in the ways which we have drawn up, I will guarantee that he will not become ill throughout his life, until he reaches advanced age and dies. He will not need a doctor. His body will remain intact and healthy throughout his life.
[One may rely on this guarantee] unless [his body] was impaired from the birth, he was accustomed to one of the harmful habits from birth, or should there be a plague or a drought in the world.
ולקחת לך לאשה. לֹא דִּבְּרָה תוֹרָה אֶלָּא כְּנֶגֶד יֵצֶר הָרַע, שֶׁאִם אֵין הַקָּבָּ"ה מַתִּירָהּ יִשָּׂאֶנָּה בְאִסּוּר, אֲבָל אִם נְשָׂאָהּ סוֹפוֹ לִהְיוֹת שׂוֹנְאָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אַחֲרָיו "כִּי תִהְיֶיןָ לְאִישׁ וְגוֹ'", וְסוֹפוֹ לְהוֹלִיד מִמֶּנָּה בֵּן סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה, לְכָךְ נִסְמְכוּ פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת הַלָּלוּ (תנחומא):
ולקחת לך לאשה [AND THOU DELIGHTEST IN HER,] THAT THOU WOULDEST TAKE HER FOR THY WIFE) — Scripture is speaking (makes this concession) only in view of man’s evil inclination (his carnal desires) (Kiddushin 21b). For if the Holy One, blessed be He, would not permit her to him as a wife, he would nevertheless marry her although she would then be forbidden to him. However, if he does marry her, in the end he will hate her, for Scripture writes immediately afterwards, (v. 15) “If a man have two wives, one beloved, and another hated, etc.” and ultimately he will beget a refractory and rebellious son by her (v. 18). It is for this reason that these sections are put in juxtaposition (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 1).

דְּתַנְיָא: שָׂח בֵּין תְּפִילָּה לִתְפִילָּה — עֲבֵירָה הִיא בְּיָדוֹ, וְחוֹזֵר עָלֶיהָ מֵעוֹרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה. כְּמַאן — כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי.

The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which is taught in a baraita: If one spoke between donning the phylactery of the arm and the phylactery of the head, he has a sin on his hands, and due to that sin he returns from the ranks of soldiers waging war. In accordance with whose opinion does this man return? It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, who maintains that one returns even due to a minor transgression.
תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. אַל תַּאֲמֵן בְּעַצְמָךְ עַד יוֹם מוֹתָךְ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּחָסִיד אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְשׁוֹנֶה. אַל תַּאֲמֵן בְּעַצְמָךְ עַד יוֹם זִקְנוּתָךְ. כְּגוֹן אֲנִי. אֲתַת חָדָא רוּחָא וּנְסִיתֵיהּ. וּשְׁרֵי תָהִי בֵיהּ. אָֽמְרָה לֵיהּ. לֹא תִצּוֹק. רוּחַ אֲנָא. אֲזִיל וְאִישְׁתַּוֵּי לַחֲבֵרֶיךָ.
There, we have stated: “Do not believe in yourself up to the day of your death.” It happened that a pious man sat and stated, do not believe in yourself up to your old age, as I Am. There came a spirit to tempt him, and he started to err after her. She told him, do not feel bad, I am a spirit. Go and be equal to your colleagues.

הָנָךְ שְׁבוּיָיתָא דַּאֲתַאי לִנְהַרְדְּעָא. אַסְּקִינְהוּ לְבֵי רַב עַמְרָם חֲסִידָא, אַשְׁקוּלוּ דַּרְגָּא מִקַּמַּיְיהוּ. בַּהֲדֵי דְּקָא חָלְפָה חֲדָא מִנַּיְיהוּ נְפַל נְהוֹרָא בְּאִיפּוּמָּא. שַׁקְלֵיהּ רַב עַמְרָם לְדַרְגָּא דְּלָא הֲווֹ יָכְלִין בֵּי עַשְׂרָה לְמִדְלְיֵיהּ, דַּלְיֵיהּ לְחוֹדֵיהּ, סָלֵיק וְאָזֵיל. כִּי מְטָא לְפַלְגָא [דְּ]דַרְגָּא אִיפְּשַׁח, רְמָא קָלָא: נוּרָא בֵּי עַמְרָם!

אֲתוֹ רַבָּנַן, אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: כַּסֵּיפְתִּינַן. אֲמַר לְהוּ: מוּטָב תִּיכַּסְפוּ בֵּי עַמְרָם בְּעָלְמָא הָדֵין וְלָא תִּיכַּסְפוּ מִינֵּיהּ לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי.

אַשְׁבְּעֵיהּ דְּיִנְפַּק מִינֵּיהּ, נְפַק מִינֵּיהּ כִּי עַמּוּדָא דְנוּרָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חֲזִי, דְּאַתְּ נוּרָא וַאֲנָא בִּישְׂרָא, וַאֲנָא עֲדִיפְנָא מִינָּךְ.

רַבִּי מֵאִיר הֲוָה מִתְלוֹצֵץ בְּעוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵירָה. יוֹמָא חַד אִידְּמִי לֵיהּ שָׂטָן כְּאִיתְּתָא בְּהָךְ גִּיסָא דְנַהֲרָא, לָא הֲוָה מַבָּרָא – נְקַט מִצְרָא וְקָא עָבַר. כִּי מְטָא פַּלְגָא מִצְרָא שַׁבְקֵיהּ, אָמַר: אִי לָאו דְּקָא מַכְרְזִי בִּרְקִיעָא ״הִזָּהֲרוּ בְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר וְתוֹרָתוֹ״ שַׁוֵּיתֵיהּ לִדְמָךְ תַּרְתֵּי מָעֵי.

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא הֲוָה מִתְלוֹצֵץ בְּעוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵירָה. יוֹמָא חַד אִידְּמִי לֵיהּ שָׂטָן כְּאִיתְּתָא בְּרֵישׁ דִּיקְלָא. נַקְטֵיהּ לְדִיקְלָא וְקָסָלֵיק וְאָזֵיל. כִּי מְטָא לְפַלְגֵיהּ דְּדִיקְלָא שַׁבְקֵיהּ, אָמַר: אִי לָאו דְּמַכְרְזִי בִּרְקִיעָא ״הִזָּהֲרוּ בְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְתוֹרָתוֹ״ שַׁוֵּיתֵיהּ לִדְמָךְ תַּרְתֵּי מָעֵי.

§ The Gemara relates: Those captive women who were brought to Neharde’a, where they were redeemed, were brought up to the house of Rav Amram the Pious. They removed the ladder from before them to prevent men from climbing up after them to the attic where they were to sleep. When one of them passed by the entrance to the upper chamber, it was as though a light shone in the aperture due to her great beauty. Out of his desire for her, Rav Amram grabbed a ladder that ten men together could not lift, lifted it on his own and began climbing. When he was halfway up the ladder, he strengthened his legs against the sides of the ladder to stop himself from climbing further, raised his voice, and cried out: There is a fire in the house of Amram. Upon hearing this, the Sages came and found him in that position. They said to him: You have embarrassed us, since everyone sees what you had intended to do. Rav Amram said to them: It is better that you be shamed in Amram’s house in this world, and not be ashamed of him in the World-to-Come. He took an oath that his evil inclination should emerge from him, and an apparition similar to a pillar of fire emerged from him. He said to his evil inclination: See, as you are fire and I am mere flesh, and yet, I am still superior to you, as I was able to overcome you. The Gemara relates: Rabbi Meir would ridicule transgressors by saying it is easy to avoid temptation. One day, Satan appeared to him as a woman standing on the other side of the river. Since there was no ferry to cross the river, he took hold of a rope bridge and crossed the river. When he reached halfway across the rope bridge, the evil inclination left him and said to him: Were it not for the fact that they proclaim about you in heaven: Be careful with regard to Rabbi Meir and his Torah, I would have made your blood like two ma’a, i.e., completely worthless, since you would have fallen completely from your spiritual level. Rabbi Akiva would likewise ridicule transgressors. One day, Satan appeared to him as a woman at the top of a palm tree. Rabbi Akiva grabbed hold of the palm tree and began climbing. When he was halfway up the palm tree, the evil inclination left him and said to him: Were it not for the fact that they proclaim about you in heaven: Be careful with regard to Rabbi Akiva and his Torah, I would have made your blood like two ma’a.

דְּאַבָּיֵי שַׁמְעֵיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּקָאָמַר לְהַהִיא אִתְּתָא: נַקְדֵּים וְנֵיזִיל בְּאוֹרְחָא. אֲמַר: אֵיזִיל אַפְרְשִׁינְהוּ מֵאִיסּוּרָא.

אֲזַל בָּתְרַיְיהוּ תְּלָתָא פַּרְסֵי בְּאַגְמָא. כִּי הֲווֹ פָּרְשִׁי מֵהֲדָדֵי, שַׁמְעִינְהוּ דְּקָא אָמְרִי: אוֹרְחִין רַחִיקָא, וְצַוְותִּין בְּסִימָא.

אֲמַר אַבָּיֵי: אִי מַאן דְּסָנֵי לִי הֲוָה, לָא הֲוָה מָצֵי לְאוֹקוֹמֵי נַפְשֵׁיהּ. אֲזַל תְּלָא נַפְשֵׁיהּ בְּעִיבּוּרָא דְּדָשָׁא וּמִצְטַעֵר.

אֲתָא הָהוּא סָבָא, תְּנָא לֵיהּ: כׇּל הַגָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ — יִצְרוֹ גָּדוֹל הֵימֶנּוּ.

The baraita continues interpreting the verse in the book of Joel. “And will drive it to a land barren and desolate” (Joel 2:20), where there are no people for the evil inclination to incite. And what damage does the evil inclination cause? “With its face toward the eastern [hakadmoni] sea” (Joel 2:20), as it set its eyes on the First [mukdam] Temple and destroyed it, and killed the Torah scholars that were in it; “and its end toward the western [ha’aḥaron] sea” (Joel 2:20), as it set its eyes on the Second [aḥaron] Temple and destroyed it, and killed the Torah scholars that were in it; “its foulness may come up, and its ill odor may come up” (Joel 2:20), as it forsakes the nations of the world and incites the enemies of the Jewish people: In this context, the term the nations is a euphemism for the Jewish people. The evil inclination seeks to corrupt the Jews more than it does the members of any other nation. “Because it has done greatly” (Joel 2:20): Abaye said: And it provokes Torah scholars more than it provokes everyone else. The Gemara illustrates that point. It is like this incident, as Abaye once heard a certain man say to a certain woman: Let us rise early and go on the road. Upon hearing this, Abaye said to himself: I will go and accompany them and prevent them from violating the prohibition that they certainly intend to violate. He went after them for a distance of three parasangs in a marsh among the reeds, while they walked on the road, and they did not engage in any wrongful activity. When they were taking leave of each other, he heard that they were saying: We traveled a long distance together, and the company was pleasant company. Abaye said: In that situation, if instead of that man it had been one whom I hate, a euphemism for himself, he would not have been able to restrain himself from sinning. After becoming aware of so great a shortcoming he went and leaned against the doorpost, thinking and feeling regret. A certain Elder came and taught him: Anyone who is greater than another, his evil inclination is greater than his. Therefore, Abaye should not feel regret, as his realization is a consequence of his greatness. Rabbi Yitzḥak said: A person’s inclination overcomes him each day, as it is stated: “Only

לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, מְבִיאוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיֵצֶר הָרָע, וְשׁוֹחֲטוֹ בִּפְנֵי הַצַּדִּיקִים וּבִפְנֵי הָרְשָׁעִים.

צַדִּיקִים נִדְמֶה לָהֶם כְּהַר גָּבוֹהַּ, וּרְשָׁעִים נִדְמֶה לָהֶם כְּחוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה.

הַלָּלוּ בּוֹכִין וְהַלָּלוּ בּוֹכִין. צַדִּיקִים בּוֹכִין וְאוֹמְרִים: הֵיאַךְ יָכוֹלְנוּ לִכְבּוֹשׁ הַר גָּבוֹהַּ כָּזֶה! וּרְשָׁעִים בּוֹכִין וְאוֹמְרִים: הֵיאַךְ לֹא יָכוֹלְנוּ לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת חוּט הַשַּׂעֲרָה הַזֶּה!

The Gemara answers: This can be understood as Rabbi Yehuda taught: In the future, at the end of days, God will bring the evil inclination and slaughter it in the presence of the righteous and in the presence of the wicked. For the righteous the evil inclination appears to them as a high mountain, and for the wicked it appears to them as a mere strand of hair. These weep and those weep. The righteous weep and say: How were we able to overcome so high a mountain? And the wicked weep and say: How were we unable to overcome this strand of hair? And even the Holy One, Blessed be He, will wonder with them, as it is stated with regard to the eulogy: “So says the Lord of hosts: If it be wondrous in the eyes of the remnant of this people in those days, it should also be wondrous in My eyes” (Zechariah 8:6).

אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: יִצְרוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם מִתְגַּבֵּר עָלָיו בְּכׇל יוֹם וּמְבַקֵּשׁ לַהֲמִיתוֹ, ...וְאִלְמָלֵא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁעוֹזֵר לוֹ — אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לוֹ

evil all day” (Genesis 6:5). All day long his thoughts and desires are for evil. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: A person’s evil inclination overcomes him each day and seeks to kill him, as it stated: “The wicked watches the righteous and seeks to kill him” (Psalms 37:32); the wicked here is referring to the wickedness inside one’s heart. And if not for the Holy One, Blessed be He, Who assists him with the good inclination, he would not overcome it, as it is stated: “The Lord will not leave him in his hand, nor suffer him to be condemned when he is judged” (Psalms 37:33).

מעשה בר' מתיא בן חרש שהיה יושב בבית המדרש ועוסק בתורה והיה זיו פניו דומה לחמה וקלסתר פניו דומה למלאכי השרת שמימיו לא נשא עיניו לאשה בעולם.

פעם אחד עבר שטן ונתקנא בו אמר אפשר אדם כמו זה לא חטא אמר לפני הקב"ה רבונו של עולם רבי מתיא בן חרש מה הוא לפניך א"ל צדיק גמור הוא. אמר לפניו תן לי רשות ואסיתנו, א"ל אין את יכול לו, אף על פי כן, א"ל לך.

נדמה לו כאשה יפה שלא היתה כדמותה מעולם מימות נעמה אחות תובל קין שטעו בה מלאכי השרת שנאמר ויראו בני האלקים את בנות האדם, עמד לפניו, כיון שראה אותו הפך פניו ונתן לאחריו. שוב בא ועמד לו על צד שמאלו, הפך פניו לצד ימין, היה מתהפך לו מכל צד.

אמר מתירא אני שמא יתגבר עלי יצר הרע ויחטיאני מה עשה אותו צדיק קרא לאותו תלמיד שהיה משרת לפניו, א"ל לך והבא לי אש ומסמר, הביא לו מסמרין ונתנום בעיניו, כיון שראה השטן כך נזדעזע ונפל לאחוריו.

באותה שעה קרא הקב"ה לרפאל א"ל לך לרפא את ר' מתיא בן חרש. בא ועמד לפניו א"ל מי אתה א"ל אני הוא רפאל ששלחני הקב"ה לרפאות את עיניך א"ל הניחני מה שהיה היה. חזר לפני הקב"ה, אמר לפניו רבונו של עולם כך וכך אמר לי מתיא, א"ל לך ואמור לו אני ערב שלא ישלוט בו יצר הרע. מיד רפא אותו.

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